scholarly journals Effect of Methylprednisolone on Experimental Brain Edema in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 919-926
Author(s):  
P KOZLER ◽  
V HERYNEK ◽  
D MAREŠOVÁ ◽  
P PEREZ ◽  
L ŠEFC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Experimental Brain Edema

Magnetic resonance imaging has been used for evaluating of a brain edema in experimental animals to assess cytotoxic and vasogenic edema by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 imaging. This paper brings information about the effectiveness of methylprednisolone (MP) on experimental brain edema. A total of 24 rats were divided into three groups of 8 animals each. Rats with cytotoxic/intracellular brain edema induced by water intoxication were assigned to the group WI. These rats also served as the additional control group CG when measured before the induction of edema. A third group (WIMP) was intraperitoneally administered with methylprednisolone 100 mg/kg during water intoxication treatment. The group WI+MP was injected with methylprednisolone 50 mg/kg into the carotid artery within two hours after the water intoxication treatment. We evaluated the results in four groups. Two control groups (CG, WI) and two experimental groups (WIMP, WI+MP). Rats were subjected to MR scanning 24 h after edema induction. We observed significantly increased ADC values in group WI in both evaluated areas – cortex and hippocampus, which proved the occurrence of experimental vasogenic edema, while ADC values in groups WIMP and WI+MP were not increased, indicating that the experimental edema was not developed and thus confirming the protective effect of MP.

scholarly journals Value of Minimum Apparent Diffusion Coefficient on Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker for Predicting Progression of Disease Following Surgery and Radiotherapy in Glial Tumors from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rishi Awasthi ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Sanjay Behari ◽  
K. J. Maria Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Glial Tumors ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

ABSTRACT Purpose: Studies have shown that cellularity of glial tumors are inversely correlated to minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The purpose of this prospective exploratory study was to evaluate whether temporal change in “minimum ADC” values during follow-up predict progressive disease in glial tumors post radiotherapy and surgery. Materials and Methods: Adult patients of glial tumors, subjected to surgery followed by Radiotherapy (RT), were included in the study. Serial conventional magnetic resonance imaging with DWI at the following time points – presurgery, pre-RT, post-RT imaging at 3, 7, and 15 months were done. For “minimum ADC” values, multiple regions of interest (ROI) were identified on ADC maps derived from DWI. A mean of 5 minimum ADC values was chosen as “minimum ADC” value. The correlation was drawn between histology and minimum ADC values and time trends were studied. Results: Fourteen patients were included in this study. Histologies were low-grade glioma (LGG) - 5, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (ODG) -5, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) - 4. Minimum ADC values were significantly higher in LGG and GBM than ODG. Presurgery, the values were 0.812, 0.633, and 0.787 × 10−3 mm2/s for LGG, ODG, and GBM, respectively. DWI done at the time of RT planning showed values of 0.786, 0.636, 0.869 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. During follow-up, the increasing trend of minimum ADC was observed in LGG (P = 0.02). All these patients were clinically and radiologically stable. Anaplastic ODGs, however, showed an initial increase followed by the fall of minimum ADC in all the 5 cases (P = 0.00). Four of the five cases developed progressive disease subsequently. In all the 4 GBM cases, a consistent fall of minimum ADC values was observed (P = 0.00), and they all progressed in spite of RT. Conclusions: The DWI-derived minimum ADC values are an important yet simple quantitative tool to assess the treatment response and disease progression before they are evident on conventional imaging during the follow-up of glial tumors.

scholarly journals Two-kidney one-clip is a pertinent approach to integrate arterial hypertension in animal models of stroke: Serial magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain lesions before and during cerebral ischemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ménard ◽  
Laurent Chazalviel ◽  
Simon Roussel ◽  
Myriam Bernaudin ◽  
Omar Touzani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Although chronic arterial hypertension (CAH) represents the major comorbid factor in stroke, it is rarely integrated in preclinical studies of stroke. The majority of those investigations employ spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which display a susceptibility to ischemic damage independent of hypertension. Here, we used a renovascular model of hypertension (RH) to examine, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain alterations during the development of hypertension and after brain ischemia. We also examined whether MRI-derived parameters predict the extent of ischemia-induced brain damage. RH was induced according to the two-kidney one-clip model and multiparametric MRI was performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after hypertension and also at 10, 50, and 60 min following stroke. Blood pressure values increased progressively and reached a plateau at 6 weeks after RH induction. At 12 weeks, all hypertensive animals displayed spontaneous brain lesions (hemorrhages, deep and cortical lesions, ventricular dilatation), increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the corpus callosum and higher fractional anisotropy in the cortex. Following ischemia, these animals showed larger brain lesions (406 ± 82 vs. 179 ± 36 mm3, p < 0.002) which correlated with ADC values at chronic stage of hypertension. This model of hypertension displays many characteristics of the neuropathology of human CAH. The use of this model in stroke studies is relevant and desirable.

scholarly journals A Predictor of Tumor Recurrence in Patients With Endometrial Carcinoma After Complete Resection of the Tumor: The Role of Pretreatment Apparent Diffusion Coefficient

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kuwahara ◽  
Aki Kido ◽  
Shiro Tanaka ◽  
Kaoru Abiko ◽  
Kyoko Nakao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the prognostic and incremental value of pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of tumors for the prediction of tumor recurrence after complete resection of the tumor in patients with endometrial cancer.MethodsThis study enrolled 210 patients with stages IA to IIIC endometrial cancer who had undergone complete resection of the tumor and pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging. The minimum and mean ADC values (ADCmin, ADCmean) of tumors and normalized ADC (nADCmin, nADCmean) were calculated from magnetic resonance imaging. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic performance of ADC values of 4 types. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank tests, and Cox regression were used to explore associations between recurrence and the ADC values with adjustment for clinicopathological factors.ResultsIn receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the areas under the curve were significant for ADCmean and nADCmean predicting tumor recurrence but were not significant for ADCmin and nADCmin. Regarding univariate analysis, ADCmean and nADCmean were significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that ADCmean and nADCmean remained independently associated with shorter RFS. In the high-risk group, the RFS of patients with lower ADC values (ADCmean and nADCmean) was significantly shorter than that of patients in the higher ADC value group.ConclusionsPretreatment tumor ADCmean and nADCmean were important imaging biomarkers for predicting recurrence in patients after complete resection of the tumor. They might improve existing risk stratification.

scholarly journals Role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M. Abuzeid ◽  
Aya Yassin ◽  
Omar F. Kamel ◽  
Kareem A. Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract Background The role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is assessed in this study by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in acute pancreatitis and comparing them with a control group. The aim of this study is to compare those two groups thus supporting the diagnosis of this disease. Sixteen patients with acute pancreatitis and 16 control participants underwent diffusion-weighted imaging with b values of 0, 200, and 800. ADC maps were generated from the DW-MRI and ADC values, which were calculated for the pancreas, and the results of the two groups of patients were compared. Results The mean pancreatic ADC value in the acute pancreatitis group (1.15 10(−3) mm(2)/s ± 0.28) was significantly lower than in the normal group (1.6 10−3 mm(2)/s ± 0.2). A threshold ADC value of 1.38 10−3 mm(2)/s yielded 81.25%, specificity of 93.75%, positive predictive value of 92.9%, negative predictive value of 83.3%, and accuracy of 91.8%. Pancreatic ADC values were significantly lower in patients with acute pancreatitis than in the control group. Conclusion Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging could be an important supportive tool in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental brain edema in cats

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 557???63
Author(s):  
T Shirakuni ◽  
T Nagashima ◽  
N Tamaki ◽  
S Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Experimental Brain Edema

scholarly journals Accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient values and magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating suprasellar germinomas from chiasmatic/hypothalamic gliomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Theeraphol Panyaping ◽  
Piyakarn Taebunpakul ◽  
Oranan Tritanon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Mri Characteristics

Objective The aim of this study was to differentiate suprasellar germinomas from chiasmatic/hypothalamic gliomas (CHGs) using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 11 patients with suprasellar germinomas and 11 patients with CHGs who underwent pretreatment MRI. The ADC values (minimum and average ADC values) of the tumors were measured and the MRI characteristics were evaluated. Results The average and minimum ADC values of suprasellar germinomas were significantly lower than those of CHGs ( p = 0.016 and 0.004 respectively). The selection of 941.15 × 10−6 mm2/s as a cutoff value of the minimum ADC value was used to differentiate suprasellar germinomas and CHGs; the best results were obtained with area under the curve of 0.889, sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 77.8% and accuracy of 82.4%. MRI characteristics suggested the diagnosis of suprasellar germinomas were T2W hypointensity and involvement of pituitary gland and/or stalk. MRI characteristics suggested the diagnosis of CHGs was higher degree of contrast enhancement and presence of macrocysts. Conclusion ADC values have a role in differentiating suprasellar germinomas and CHGs, especially when imaging findings on conventional MRI are inconclusive. Furthermore, some MRI features are in favor of differentiation between these tumor entities including tumor location, cyst pattern, T2W hypointensity, degree of contrast enhancement, stalk and pituitary gland involvement.

scholarly journals Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Decreases and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Perfusion Parameters are Associated in Ischemic Tissue of Acute Stroke Patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Fiehler ◽  
René Knab ◽  
Jürgen R. Reichenbach ◽  
Clemens Fitzek ◽  
Cornelius Weiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Perfusion-and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans are thought to allow the characterization of tissue at risk of infarction. The authors tested the hypothesis that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) decrease should be associated with the severity of the perfusion deficit in ischemic tissue of acute stroke patients. Perfusion-and diffusion-weighted scans were performed in 11 patients with sudden onset of neurologic deficits within the last 6 hours and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained after 6 days. Parameter images of the maximum of the contrast agent concentration, time to peak, relative cerebral blood volume, relative cerebral blood flow, and relative mean transit time were computed from the perfusion-weighted data. A threshold function was used to identify tissue volumes with stepwise ADC decreases. An onionlike distribution of successively decreasing ADC values was found, with the lowest ADC in the center of the ischemic region. Correspondingly, tissue perfusion decreased progressively from the periphery toward the ischemic core. This effect was most pronounced in the time-to-peak maps, with a linear association between ADC decrease and time-to-peak increase. Apparent diffusion coefficient values decreased from the periphery toward the ischemic core, and this distribution of ADC values was strongly associated with the severity of the perfusion deficit.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of the Hippocampi in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Correlation of Volumetry and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient with Laterality and Duration of Seizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorva Muralidhar ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Arjun Prakash ◽  
Umesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Manjunath S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Purpose It is estimated that hippocampal damage is seen in 50 to 70% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although most magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are adequate to detect gross hippocampal atrophy, subtle changes that may characterize early disease in TLE, such as visually nonappreciable volume loss, may often be missed if objective volumetric analysis is not undertaken. Materials and Methods We conducted a hospital-based prospective analytical study in which 40 patients with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin were included and their hippocampal volumes (HVs) were determined by manual volumetric analysis. The findings were recorded and correlated with the side of seizure and its duration. The quantitative assessment was allotted different grades accordingly. Also, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of bilateral hippocampi were estimated and their correlation with the side of seizure was determined. Results Most patients in the study were in the age group of 11 to 20 years (37.5%). In total, 57.5% had seizures for a period of 1 to 5 years. While 67.5% (n = 27) had seizure on the right, 32.5% (n = 13) had on the left. The mean HV estimated on the right and left were correlated with the side of seizure and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001 in those with right-sided seizures and p = 0.02 in those with left-sided seizures). Simultaneously the ADC values estimated were found to correlate with the laterality of seizures with a statistical difference (p < 0.01). Duration of seizures however did not show a positive correlation with the HV. Conclusion MRI with quantitative estimation of HV and ADC values can depict the presence and laterality in TLE with accuracy rates that exceed those achieved by visual inspection alone. Thus, quantitative MRI provides a useful means for translating volumetric analysis into clinical practice.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Experimental Brain Edema in Cats

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Shirakuni ◽  
Tatsuya Nagashima ◽  
Norihiko Tamaki ◽  
Satoshi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Experimental Brain Edema
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