scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Non-Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Model Rats with 6-hydroxydopamine

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Feng ◽  
Jing-Ting Yan ◽  
Xiao-Li Zhang ◽  
Jin-Xia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
The Impact

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a progressive loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). To further evaluate its pathophysiology, accurate animal models are needed. The current study aims to verify the impact of a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) bilateral microinjection into the SN on gastrointestinal symptoms in rats and confirm that the 6-OHDA rat model is an appropriate tool to investigate the mechanisms of Parkinsonian GI disorders. Immunohistochemistry, digital X-ray imaging, short-circuit current, FITC-dextran permeability and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used in this study. The results indicated that the dopaminergic neurons in SN and fibres in the striatum were markedly reduced in 6-OHDA rats. The 6-OHDA rats manifested reductions in occupancy in a rotarod test and increases in daily food debris but no difference in body mass or daily consumption. Compared with control rats, faecal pellets and their contents were significantly decreased, whereas gastric emptying and intestinal transport were delayed in 6-OHDA rats. The increased in vivo FITC-dextran permeability and decreased intestinal transepithelial resistance in the model suggest attenuated barrier function in the digestive tract in the PD model. Moreover, inflammatory factors in the plasma showed that pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-8 were significantly increased in 6-OHDA rats. Collectively, these findings indicate that the model is an interesting experimental tool to investigate the mechanisms involved in the progression of gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD.

scholarly journals Preclinical Comparison of Stem Cells Secretome and Levodopa Application in a 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio G. Teixeira ◽  
Helena Vilaça-Faria ◽  
Ana V. Domingues ◽  
Jonas Campos ◽  
António J. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Per Se ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
The Impact

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by the massive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to the appearance of several motor impairments. Current pharmacological treatments, such as the use of levodopa, are yet unable to cure the disease. Therefore, there is a need for novel strategies, particularly those that can combine in an integrated manner neuroprotection and neuroregeneration properties. In vitro and in vivo models have recently revealed that the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds a promising potential for treating PD, given its effects on neural survival, proliferation, differentiation. In the present study, we aimed to access the impact of human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) secretome in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) PD model when compared to levodopa administration, by addressing animals’ motor performance, and substantia nigra (SN), and striatum (STR) histological parameters by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. Results revealed that hBM-MSCs secretome per se appears to be a modulator of the dopaminergic system, enhancing TH-positive cells expression (e.g., dopaminergic neurons) and terminals both in the SN and STR when compared to the untreated group 6-OHDA. Such finding was positively correlated with a significant amelioration of the motor outcomes of 6-OHDA PD animals (assessed by the staircase test). Thus, the present findings support hBM-MSCs secretome administration as a potential therapeutic tool in treating PD, and although we suggest candidate molecules (Trx1, SEMA7A, UCHL1, PEDF, BDNF, Clusterin, SDF-1, CypA, CypB, Cys C, VEGF, DJ-1, Gal-1, GDNF, CDH2, IL-6, HSP27, PRDX1, UBE3A, MMP-2, and GDN) and possible mechanisms of hBM-MSCs secretome-mediated effects, further detailed studies are needed to carefully and clearly define which players may be responsible for its therapeutic actions. By doing so, it will be reasonable to presume that potential treatments that can, per se, or in combination modulate or slow PD may lead to a rational design of new therapeutic or adjuvant strategies for its functional modeling and repair.

scholarly journals Extensive exploration of a novel rat model of Parkinson's disease using partial 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of dopaminergic neurons suggests new therapeutic approaches

Synapse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. e22077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Vetel ◽  
Sophie Sérrière ◽  
Johnny Vercouillie ◽  
Jackie Vergote ◽  
Gabrielle Chicheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

scholarly journals Probiotics Treatment Improves Hippocampal Dependent Cognition in a Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Caroline Xie ◽  
Asheeta A. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder with motor dysfunction and a number of psychiatric symptoms. Symptoms such as anxiety and cognitive deficits emerge prior to motor symptoms and persist over time. There are limited treatments targeting PD psychiatric symptoms. Emerging studies reveal that the gut microbe is altered in PD patients. Here we assessed the effect of a probiotic treatment in a rat model of PD. We used the neurotoxin (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA) in a preclinical PD model to examine the impact of a probiotic treatment (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114) on anxiety and memory. Rats underwent either sham surgery or received 6-OHDA bilaterally into the striatum. Three weeks post-surgery, rats were divided into three experimental groups: a sham group that received probiotics, a 6-OHDA group that received probiotics, and the third group of 6-OHDA received the placebo formula. All rats had access to either placebo or probiotics formula for 6 weeks. All groups were assessed for anxiety-like behaviour using the elevated plus maze. Cognition was assessed for both non-hippocampal and hippocampal dependent tasks using the novel object recognition and novel place recognition. We report that the 6-OHDA lesion induced anxiety-like behaviour and deficits in hippocampal dependent cognition. Interestingly, the probiotics treatment had no impact on anxiety-like behaviour but selectively improved hippocampal dependent cognition deficits. Together, the results presented here highlight the utility of animal models in examining the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD and the potential of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for non-motor symptoms of PD.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue “Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders”

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4250
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Imai
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Common Neurodegenerative Disorder

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by age-dependent motor dysfunction and degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons [...]

scholarly journals Presence of genetic polymorphisms may impact on predisposition to Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Barbosa Rezende ◽  
Larissa Teodoro
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Lrrk2 Gene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduced Risk

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the black substantia and the formation of Lewy bodies, thus being considered a neurodegenerative disease. Thus, the objective was to understand the impact of polymorphisms in the predisposition to PD. Methods: It’s a narrative review of literature in the PubMed and SciELO databases, using the descriptors: “Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide” and “Parkinson disease”, registered in DeCS/MeSH, and using the Boolean operator AND. The inclusion criteria were: complete articles and made available free of charge, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, between 2016 and January 2021. Results: After the research, 167 publications were found and seven were included. The data from the first study indicate that the rs33949390 of the LRRK2 gene helps in predisposition to PD in Asian populations, mainly Chinese. The second study indicated that the NFE2L2 rs6721961 allele was linked to a reduced risk of PD. The third study found that the GSK3B rs1732170, STK11 rs8111699, SNCA rs356219 and FCHSD1 rs456998 polymorphisms were linked to a high risk of PD. The fourth study found that the SNCA variants rs7684318, rs356220, rs356203 and rs2736990 were linked to the disease and were at high risk of developing PD in the Mexican population. The fifth and sixth study are meta-analyzes, the fifth confirming the lower allele rs11558538 of HNMT is associated with a reduced risk of developing PD. And the sixth assumes a possible link between CCDC62 rs12817488 and the risk of PD in the Chinese population. Conclusion: However, the analyzed data indicate that the polymorphisms contributed to the susceptibility to PD, however further studies related to the polymorphisms and their relationship to PD are still needed for more ethnic groups, and thus early diagnosis is possible.

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