scholarly journals Serum Levels of Spexin and Kisspeptin Negatively Correlate With Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Women

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. KOŁODZIEJSKI ◽  
E. PRUSZYŃSKA-OSZMAŁEK ◽  
E. KOREK ◽  
M. SASSEK ◽  
D. SZCZEPANKIEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Affect Insulin Sensitivity

Spexin (SPX) and kisspeptin (KISS) are novel peptides relevant in the context of regulation of metabolism, food intake, puberty and reproduction. Here, we studied changes of serum SPX and KISS levels in female non-obese volunteers (BMI<25 kg/m2) and obese patients (BMI>35 kg/m2). Correlations between SPX or KISS with BMI, McAuley index, QUICKI, HOMA IR, serum levels of insulin, glucagon, leptin, adiponectin, orexin-A, obestatin, ghrelin and GLP-1 were assessed. Obese patients had lower SPX and KISS levels as compared to non-obese volunteers (SPX: 4.48±0.19 ng/ml vs. 6.63±0.29 ng/ml; p<0.001, KISS: 1.357±0.15 nmol/l vs. 2.165±0.174 nmol/l; p<0.01). SPX negatively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, insulin, glucagon, active ghrelin and leptin. Positive correlations were found between SPX and QUICKI index, McAuley index, serum levels of obestatin, GLP-1 and adiponectin and orexin-A Serum KISS negatively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, serum levels of insulin, glucagon, active ghrelin and leptin. KISS positively correlated with QUICKI index, McAuley index and adiponectin. In summary, SPX and KISS show negative correlations with obesity, insulin resistance indices, and hormones known to affect insulin sensitivity in females. Both, SPX and KISS could be therefore relevant in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance.

POSTOPERATIVE COMPLIANCE OF BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS REGARDING THE ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1/2019) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bariatric Patients

Background and aims: Overweight and obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery require a rigorous clinical and paraclinical assessment both before and after the surgery at 3, 6, and 12 months.The present study aims the assessment of serum leptin levels and insulin resistance status in compliant bariatric patients to scheduled medical laboratory assessment at 6 months after surgery. Material and Method: The study included 109 eligible patients selected for bariatric surgery, 48 of whom attended the scheduled visit at 6 months after the surgery. Laboratory assessing regarded the insulin resistance by determining before meal the serum levels of leptin, glucose and insulin, as well as HOMA 1 and HOMA 2 indexes. Results: Patients who underwent bariatric treatment experienced a significant decrease in insulin resistance status. A higher percentage in the preoperative group was recorded in women, feature which was also recorded in the postoperative group that attended the scheduled visit at 6 months after surgery. Age is also an important factor that significantly influences the behavioral adherence to postoperative visits. Conclusions: Insulin resistance status improved significantly in 6 months after bariatric surgery among the fully compliant patients. The percentage of attendance at scheduled visits is higher among women, and decreases with age. Keywords: obesity surgery, leptin resistance, insulin resistance, HOMA index, compliance

scholarly journals The Relationship between Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular Biomarker Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Obese Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greisa Vila ◽  
Michaela Riedl ◽  
Christian Anderwald ◽  
Michael Resl ◽  
Ammon Handisurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. GDF-15 also has adipokine properties and recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular events. METHODS We evaluated the relationship of plasma GDF-15 concentrations with parameters of obesity, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of 118 morbidly obese patients [mean (SD) age 37.2 (12) years, 89 females, 29 males] and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy lean individuals. All study participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; 28 patients were studied before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Obese individuals displayed increased plasma GDF-15 concentrations (P &lt; 0.001), with highest concentrations observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, creatinine, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with oral glucose insulin sensitivity. Age, homeostatic model assessment index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity, and creatinine were independent predictors of GDF-15 concentrations. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The associations between circulating GDF-15 concentrations and age, insulin resistance, and creatinine might account for the additional cardiovascular predictive information of GDF-15 compared to traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, GDF-15 changes following bariatric surgery suggest an indirect relationship between GDF-15 and insulin resistance. The clinical utility of GDF-15 as a biomarker might be limited until the pathways directly controlling GDF-15 concentrations are better understood.

scholarly journals Hepatic Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Overexpression Improves Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Noebauer ◽  
Alexander Jais ◽  
Jelena Todoric ◽  
Klaus Gossens ◽  
Hedwig Sutterlüty-Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Obesity is a major risk factor for several diseases including diabetes, heart disease, and some forms of cancer and due to its rapidly increasing prevalence it has become one of the biggest problems medicine is facing today. All the more surprising, a substantial percentage of obese patients are metabolically healthy when classified based on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Oxysterols are naturally occurring molecules that play important role in various metabolic and inflammatory processes and their levels are elevated in patients suffering from obesity and diabetes. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) is produced in cells from cholesterol by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) and is involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, and cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the role of hepatic Ch25h in the transition from metabolically healthy obesity to insulin resistance and diabetes. Using several different experimental approaches, we demonstrated the significance of Ch25h on the border of “healthy” and “diseased” states of obesity. Adenovirus-mediated Ch25h overexpression in mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and lowered HOMA-IR. Our data suggest that low hepatic Ch25h levels could be considered a risk marker for unhealthy obesity.

scholarly journals Melatonin Treatment Improves Insulin Resistance and Pigmentation in Obese Patients with Acanthosis Nigricans

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Sun ◽  
Xingchun Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Chen ◽  
Aaron M. Gusdon ◽  
Kexiu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Matsuda Index

Objective. This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on insulin resistance in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans (AN). Methods. A total of 17 obese patients with acanthosis nigricans were recruited in a 12-week pilot open trial. Insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, inflammatory factors, and other biochemical parameters before and after the administration of melatonin were measured. Results. After 12 weeks of treatment with melatonin (3 mg/day), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (8.99 ± 5.10 versus 7.77 ± 5.21, p<0.05) and fasting insulin (37.09 5 ± 20.26 μU/ml versus 32.10 ± 20.29 μU/ml, p<0.05) were significantly decreased. Matsuda index (2.82 ± 1.54 versus 3.74 ± 2.02, p<0.05) was significantly increased. There were also statistically significant declines in the AN scores of the neck and axilla, body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral index, neck circumference, waist circumference, and inflammatory markers. Conclusions. It was concluded that melatonin could improve cutaneous symptoms in obese patients with acanthosis nigricans by improving insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02604095.

scholarly journals The ERα-PI3K Cascade in Proopiomelanocortin Progenitor Neurons Regulates Feeding and Glucose Balance in Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 4474-4491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangru Zhu ◽  
Pingwen Xu ◽  
Xuehong Cao ◽  
Yongjie Yang ◽  
Antentor Othrell Hinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Intracellular Signals ◽  
Inhibit Food Intake ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Estrogens act upon estrogen receptor (ER)α to inhibit feeding and improve glucose homeostasis in female animals. However, the intracellular signals that mediate these estrogenic actions remain unknown. Here, we report that anorexigenic effects of estrogens are blunted in female mice that lack ERα specifically in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) progenitor neurons. These mutant mice also develop insulin resistance and are insensitive to the glucose-regulatory effects of estrogens. Moreover, we showed that propyl pyrazole triol (an ERα agonist) stimulates the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway specifically in POMC progenitor neurons, and that blockade of PI3K attenuates propyl pyrazole triol-induced activation of POMC neurons. Finally, we show that effects of estrogens to inhibit food intake and to improve insulin sensitivity are significantly attenuated in female mice with PI3K genetically inhibited in POMC progenitor neurons. Together, our results indicate that an ERα-PI3K cascade in POMC progenitor neurons mediates estrogenic actions to suppress food intake and improve insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Central and/or peripheral immunoreactivity of orexin-A in pregnant rats and women

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sun ◽  
Z Tian ◽  
Y Yao ◽  
H Li ◽  
T Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Feeding Regulation

Orexins (A and B) have been implicated in feeding behavior, energy balance and state of vigilance. During pregnancy, their involvement in feeding regulation and reproduction are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated orexin-A immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and serum in pregnant rats and women by immunofluorescence staining, image analysis and radioimmunoassay, examined the correlation of serum orexin-A and leptin with gestational age in pregnant women by regression analysis, and explored the effect of leptin injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) on orexin-A immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus of normal rats by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that pregnant rats had significantly greater daily food intake on days 15 and 20 of pregnancy than virgin ones (+27.3%, P< 0.01 and +38.6%, P< 0.001 respectively), with significantly fewer number and lower mean staining intensity of orexin-A-immunoreactive (ir) neurons on days 16 (both P< 0.05) and 21 (both P< 0.01) of pregnancy. Moreover, serum levels of orexin-A exhibited 2.0-fold and 2.2-fold increases (both P< 0.001) in rats on days 16 and 21 of pregnancy compared with those in virgin rats, and 1.9-fold and 2.0-fold increases (both P< 0.001) in mid (13–26 weeks) and late pregnant women (27–40 weeks) compared with those in non-pregnant women. Simultaneously, serum levels of leptin showed a 2.3-fold and 2.2-fold increase (both P< 0.001) in rats on days 16 and 21 of pregnancy, and a 3.3-fold and 4.3-fold increase (both P< 0.001) in mid and late pregnant women. Serum levels of both orexin-A and leptin correlated positively with gestational age in pregnant women. Leptin injected i.c.v. significantly decreased the number (P< 0.01) and mean staining intensity (P< 0.01) of orexin-A-ir neurons in the hypothalamus, food intake (P< 0.01) and body weight gain (P< 0.001) compared with vehicle injection in normal rats. These results suggested that central and serum orexin-A might be involved in the regulation of feeding and energy metabolism during pregnancy. The change in central orexin-A immunoreactivity might be related to the increased serum leptin concentrations.

scholarly journals Elevated circulating microRNA-122 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jie Hong ◽  
Yanan Cao ◽  
Juan Shi ◽  
Weiqiong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Control Subjects

ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of adiposity, but functional studies have yielded inconclusive results. Examining the associations of circulating miRNAs levels with obesity and insulin sensitivity in humans may lead to improved insights.Design and methodsSerum samples collected from 112 obese and control subjects (50.0% men) were randomly divided and combined into four pools (28 samples in each obese or control pool). The genome-wide circulating miRNA profiles were detected via microarray. Elevated miR-122 was selected and validated in individual serum samples from 123 obese (46.7% men) and 107 control (50.0% men) young adults. Associations between circulating miR-122 levels and parameters related to adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profiles and hepatic enzymes were further assessed.ResultsThirty-four miRNAs were found to be expressed differently in the sera of obese patients compared with control subjects (P<0.001). Further analyses confirmed that obese patients had 3.07-fold higher circulating miR-122 levels than controls (P<0.001). Serum miR-122 levels were correlated with BMI (r=0.469), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.634), triglycerides (r=0.448), HDL-cholesterol (r=−0.351) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.401, allP<0.01). After controlling for confounding factors, miR-122 remained as an independent risk factor for insulin resistance (OR=3.379, 95% CI=1.141–10.007,P=0.028).ConclusionsElevated circulating miR-122 is positively associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults. These findings provide a better understanding regarding the role of miRNAs in adiposity and insulin sensitivity.

Association of serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 with male sex but not with insulin resistance in obese patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ülgen ◽  
Christian Herder ◽  
Markus C. Kühn ◽  
Holger S. Willenberg ◽  
Matthias Schott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein 4 ◽  
Male Sex
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