scholarly journals Relation Between Preclinical Atherosclerosis and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Thrombophilias – Longitudinal Study

2014 ◽  
pp. S403-S409 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. AUZKÝ ◽  
R. DEMBOVSKÁ ◽  
J. MRÁZKOVÁ ◽  
Š. NOVÁKOVÁ ◽  
L. PAGÁČOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preclinical Atherosclerosis

Preclinical atherosclerosis may represent a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). In longitudinal study we followed longitudinally 96 patients (32 men) with thrombophilias with (n=51) and without (n=45) history of VTE. In both groups we studied the changes of preclinical atherosclerosis at peripherally located arteries detected by ultrasound. In addition, we assessed changes in selected risk factors of atherosclerosis. During the mean follow-up of 56.0±7.62 months we did not find significant change in preclinical atherosclerosis defined as Belcaro score in either group (–3 % in the VTE group vs 0 % in non VTE group). Significant increase in body mass index (1.03±1.98 kg*m-2, resp. 1.21±1.67 kg*m-2, p<0.01) and non-significant increase in systolic blood pressure were detected in both groups. Waist circumference increased significantly only in patients without VTE (4.11±7.84 cm, p<0.05). No differences in changes of risk factors under study between both groups were detected. In summary, patients with thrombophilia and history of VTE showed no evidence of greater progression of atherosclerosis or increase in traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis than patients with thrombophilia without history of VTE. Unfavorable changes of body mass index, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure were detected in both groups during study period.

Differences in Blood Pressure Level and Hypertension in Three Ethnic Groups of Northeastern India

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Hazarika ◽  
D. Biswas ◽  
K. Narain ◽  
R.K. Phukan ◽  
H.C. Kalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Tea Garden

A cross sectional study on hypertension was done on 294 subjects aged 30 years and above. 150 households were selected randomly representing 50 households from each locality inhabited exclusively by the rural Mizos, indigenous rural Assamese and the tea-garden workers respectively, in the northeastern region of India. Blood pressure was measured by sphygmo-manorneter in sitting posture. Anthro-pometric measurements were taken using standard procedure for measuring height, weight, waist and hip girth. Information on age, sex, ethnicity, literacy, alcohol intake, smoking pattern, physical activity, occupation, amount of salt consumption was collected using a standard and pre-tested questionnaire. Significant differences were observed in both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels among the three different ethnic groups selected for this study ( p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that in Mizos, age, waist circumference and alcohol intake were independently associated with increase in systolic blood pressure whereas smoking was found to be negatively associated with systolic blood pressure ( R2=0.391, p<0.001). Factors, which were the best predictors of diastolic blood pressure, were age and body mass index [(kg/m2) ( R2=0.227, p<0.001)]. In the rural Assamese population, the best predictors of systolic blood pressure were age and waist circumference ( R2=0.263, p=0.018). For the diastolic blood pressure, age, alcohol intake and body mass index were important correlates ( R2 = 0.131, p<0.001). In the tea garden community, important predictors of systolic blood pressure were age, gender and marital status ( R2=0.187, p<0.001). On the other hand, age and alcohol intake were best predictors for diastolic blood pressure ( R2=0.09, p<0.001). Asia Pac J Public Health 2000,-12(2): 71-78

scholarly journals Waist circumference, body mass index, and skinfold thickness as potential risk factors for high blood pressure in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Roslina Dewi ◽  
Rafita Ramayati ◽  
Nelly Rosdiana ◽  
Oke Rina Ramayani ◽  
Rosmayanti Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background The prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents has increased with the rising obesity epidemic. Recent studies have found that prevalence of hypertension was higher in obese children or adolescents than in the normal weight ones. Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and skinfold thickness have been used as criteria to determine obesity in children and adolescents. Increased waist circumference has been most closely related to increased blood pressure. Objective To compare waist circumference, BMI, and skinfold thickness as potential risk factors for hypertension in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2014 in three senior high schools in Medan, North Sumatera, and included 253 students with normal urinalysis test. All subjects underwent blood pressure, waist circumference, tricep- and subscapular-skinfold thickness (TST and SST), body weight, and body height measurements. The study population was categorized into underweight, normoweight, overweight, and obese, according to four different criteria: waist circumference, BMI, TST, and SST; all variables were analyzed for possible correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results There were significant positive correlations between systolic blood pressure and waist circumference (OR 7.933; 95%CI 2.20 to 28.65; P=0.011) as well as BMI (OR 4.137; 95%CI 1.16 to 14.75; P=0.041). There were also significant correlations between diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference (OR 3.17; 95%CI 1.83 to 5.51; P=0.002), BMI (P=0.0001; OR=3.69), TST (OR 4.73; 95%CI 2.31 to 9.69; P=0.0001), and SST (OR 3.74; 95%CI 2.35 to 5.94; P=0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that waist circumference was a predictive factor for systolic blood pressure (OR 9.667), but not for diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion Waist circumference is the strongest, significant, predictive factor for elevated systolic blood pressure; meanwhile BMI, SST, and TST could be predictive factors for elevated diastolic blood pressure. 

scholarly journals Variability in Daily Eating Patterns and Eating Jetlag Are Associated With Worsened Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles in the American Heart Association Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Makarem ◽  
Dorothy D. Sears ◽  
Marie‐Pierre St‐Onge ◽  
Faris M. Zuraikat ◽  
Linda C. Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Fasting Duration

Background Sleep variability and social jetlag are associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes via circadian disruption. Variable eating patterns also lead to circadian disruption, but associations with cardiometabolic health are unknown. Methods and Results Women (n=115, mean age: 33±12 years) completed a 1‐week food record using the Automated Self‐Administered 24‐Hour Dietary Assessment Tool at baseline and 1 year. Timing of first and last eating occasions, nightly fasting duration, and %kcal consumed after 5 pm (%kcal 5 pm ) and 8 pm (%kcal 8 pm ) were estimated. Day‐to‐day eating variability was assessed from the SD of these variables. Eating jetlag was defined as weekday‐weekend differences in these metrics. Multivariable‐adjusted linear models examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of day‐to‐day variability and eating jetlag metrics with cardiometabolic risk. Greater jetlag in eating start time, nightly fasting duration, and %kcal 8 pm related to higher body mass index and waist circumference at baseline ( P <0.05). In longitudinal analyses, a 10% increase in %kcal 8 pm SD predicted increased body mass index (β, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.23–0.81) and waist circumference (β, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.58–2.87); greater %kcal 8 pm weekday‐weekend differences predicted higher body mass index (β, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07–0.43). Every 30‐minute increase in nightly fasting duration SD predicted increased diastolic blood pressure (β, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.40–1.50); an equivalent increase in nightly fasting duration weekday‐weekend differences predicted higher systolic blood pressure (β, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.11–1.05) and diastolic blood pressure (β, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.10–0.80). Per 10% increase in %kcal 5 pm SD, there were 2.98 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.04–5.92) and 2.37mm Hg (95% CI, 0.19–4.55) increases in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure; greater %kcal 5 pm weekday‐weekend differences predicted increased systolic blood pressure (β, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.30–3.36). For hemoglobin A1c, every 30‐minute increase in eating start and end time SD and 10% increase in %kcal 5 pm SD predicted 0.09% (95% CI, 0.03–0.15), 0.06% (95% CI, 0.001–0.12), and 0.23% (95% CI, 0.07–0.39) increases, respectively. Conclusions Variable eating patterns predicted increased blood pressure and adiposity and worse glycemic control. Findings warrant confirmation in population‐based cohorts and intervention studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular risk among children and adolescents in the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezane Priscila Reuter ◽  
Leandro Tibirica Burgos ◽  
Marcelo Dias Camargo ◽  
Lia Goncalves Possuelo ◽  
Miriam Beatris Reckziegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Prevalence

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that metabolic complications from child obesity, although silent, increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The present paper sought to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and analyze the possible relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, conducted in a university. METHODS: The study included 564 children and adolescents, aged 8 to 17 years. Body mass index and waist circumference were used to evaluate obesity. Other cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated, like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Descriptive analysis was used for sample characterization, the chi-square test for categorical variables and Pearson's linear correlation for evaluating the relationship between obesity indicators and other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: High prevalence of overweight/obesity was found among the schoolchildren (25.3% among the boys and 25.6% among the girls), along with abdominal obesity (19.0%). The overweight/obese schoolchildren presented higher percentages for the pressure and biochemical indicators, compared with underweight and normal-weight schoolchildren. Body mass index and waist circumference showed a weak correlation with the variables of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), but there was no correlation between these obesity indices and biochemical variables. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors demonstrate that it is necessary to develop intervention and prevention strategies from childhood onwards, in order to avoid development of chronic-degenerative diseases in adulthood.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Determinants of Patients at Risk of Developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Non-Communicable Disease Clinic

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Mathiyalagen ◽  
Venkatesh Govindasamy ◽  
Anandaraj Rajagopal ◽  
Kavita Vasudevan ◽  
Kalaipriya Gunasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disorder worldwide, which can adversely affect the cardiovascular system among non-communicable disease (NCD) patients. It is underdiagnosed—or rather not diagnosed—in primary care settings due to the costly diagnostic techniques involved. This study aimed to assess the number of study participants at risk of developing OSA and to assess and quantify the risk factors associated with this disorder. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in an NCD clinic of a rural health training center, Karikalampakkam, Puducherry of South India from August 2018 to October 2018. A Modified Berlin Questionnaire (MBQ) was used to screen the study participants at risk for OSA. Four-hundred-and-seventy-three people aged 18 years and above were included in the study, using systematic random sampling. Respondents’ socio-demographic and morbidity characteristics, as well as clinical and anthropometric parameters including body weight, height, blood pressure, neck, hip and waist circumference were collected. Data was captured using Epicollect5 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: One-fourth (25.8%) of the respondents were at high risk of developing OSA. In terms of gender, 27.9% of the men and 23.8% of the women were at high risk for OSA. In univariate analyses, the risk of developing OSA was significantly associated with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, weight, body mass index, neck, waist and hip circumference, waist–hip ratio, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of dyslipidemia (aOR, 95% CI = 2.34, 1.22–4.48), body mass index (aOR, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.06–1.22) and waist circumference (aOR, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.07–1.14) emerged as significant predictors of risk for OSA. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of NCD patients with easily detectable attributes are at risk of developing OSA, but still remain undiagnosed at a primary health care setting. The results obtained using MBQ in this study were comparable to studies performed using polysomnography. Dyslipidemia, body mass index and waist circumference were independent risk factors for predicting a risk of developing OSA. Prospective studies are needed to confirm whether a reduction in these risk factors could reduce the risk for OSA.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Influences on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Study of Chinese Twin Children and Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuling Ji ◽  
Feng Ning ◽  
Haiping Duan ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Dongfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Traits ◽  
High Heritability

We evaluated the genetic and environmental contributions to metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and their mutual associations. Eight metabolic factors (body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum uric acid) were measured in 508 twin pairs aged 8–17 years from the Qingdao Twin Registry, China. Linear structural equation models were used to estimate the heritability of these traits, as well as the genetic and environmental correlations between them. Among boys, body mass index and uric acid showed consistently high heritability (0.49–0.81), whereas other traits showed moderate to high common environmental variance (0.37–0.73) in children (8–12 years) and adolescents (13–17 years) except total cholesterol. For girls, moderate to high heritability (0.39–0.75) were obtained for six metabolic traits in children, while only two traits showed high heritability and others mostly medium to large common environmental variance in adolescents. Genetic correlations between the traits were strong in both boys and girls in children (rg = 0.64–0.99 between body mass index and diastolic blood pressure; rg = 0.71–1.00 between body mass index and waist circumference), but decreased for adolescent girls (rg = 0.51 between body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio; rg = 0.55 between body mass index and uric acid; rg = 0.61 between body mass index and systolic blood pressure). The effect of genetic factors on most metabolic traits decreased from childhood to adolescence. Both common genetic and specific environmental factors influence the mutual associations among most of the metabolic traits.

scholarly journals What explains the effect of education on cardiovascular disease? Applying Mendelian randomization to identify the consequences of education inequality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice R Carter ◽  
Dipender Gill ◽  
Neil M Davies ◽  
Amy E Taylor ◽  
Taavi Tillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mendelian Randomization

Key PointsQuestionWhat is the role of body mass index, systolic blood pressure and smoking in mediating the effect of education on cardiovascular disease risk?FindingWe find consistent evidence that body mass index, systolic blood pressure and smoking mediate the effect of education, explaining up to 18%, 27% and 33% respectively. Including all three risk factors in a model together explains around 40% of the effect of education.MeaningIntervening on body mass index, systolic blood pressure and smoking would lead to reductions in cases of CVD attributable to lower levels of education. Over half of the effect of education on risk of cardiovascular disease is not mediated through these risk factors.ImportanceLower levels of education are causally related to higher cardiovascular risk, but the extent to which this is driven by modifiable risk factors also associated with education is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of body mass index, systolic blood pressure and smoking in explaining the effect of education on risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes.DesignMultivariable regression analysis of observational data and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of genetic data.SettingUK Biobank and international genome-wide association study consortia.ParticipantsPredominantly individuals of European ancestry.Main outcomes and measuresThe effects of education (per 1-standard deviation increase, equivalent to 3.6 years) on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease (all subtypes), myocardial infarction and stroke risk (all measured in odds ratio, OR), and the degree to which this is mediated through body mass index, systolic blood pressure and smoking.ResultsEach additional standard deviation of education associated with 13% lower risk of coronary heart disease (OR 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84 to 0.89) in observational analysis and 37% lower risk (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.67) in Mendelian randomization analysis. As a proportion of the total risk reduction, body mass index mediated 15% (95% CI 13% to 17%) and 18% (95% CI 14% to 23%) in the observational and Mendelian randomization estimates, respectively. Corresponding estimates for systolic blood pressure were 11% (95% CI 9% to 13%) and 21% (95% CI 15% to 27%), and for smoking, 19% (15% to 22%) and 33% (95% CI 17% to 49%). All three risk factors combined mediated 42% (95% CI 36% to 48%) and 36% (95 % CI 16% to 63%) of the effect of education on coronary heart disease in observational and Mendelian randomization respectively. Similar results were obtained when investigating risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and all-cause cardiovascular disease.Conclusions and relevanceBMI, SBP and smoking mediate a substantial proportion of the protective effect of education on risk of cardiovascular outcomes and intervening on these would lead to reductions in cases of CVD attributable to lower levels of education. However, more than half of the protective effect of education remains unexplained and requires further investigation.

Trends in mortality due to noncommunicable diseases in Brazil and the sustainable development targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Carvalho Malta ◽  
M S Felisbino-Mendes ◽  
R Teixeira ◽  
ÍE Machado ◽  
B B Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure

Abstract Background Monitoring premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is a global priority, as part of the Agenda 2030. Objective The current study aims to describe the mortality trends and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to NCDs between 1990 and 2017 for Brazil and states, projections for 2030. Methods We analyzed the following NCDs: cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, comparing deaths and mortality rates between 1990 and 2017, for Brazil and states. The study used the concept of premature mortality used by the World Health Organization (30 to 69 years). The absolute number of deaths, mortality rates, DALYs, years of life lost (YLL), were used, comparing 1990 and 2017. We also analyzed the premature death fraction (YLL) for NCDs attributable to risk factors. Results There was a reduction of 35,3% from 509.1 deaths/100,000 inhabitants (1990) to 329.6 deaths/100,000 inhabitants due to NCD in 2017. DALYs rate decreased by 33.6% and the YLL rate by 36.0% in the same period. There was a reduction in the NCD rates in all 27 states. The main risk factors related to premature deaths by NCDs in 2017 among women were - high body mass index, diet risks, high systolic blood pressure, tobacco, and among men, diet risks, high systolic blood pressure, tobacco, high body mass index. Trends in mortality rates due to NCDs were declining in the period, however, after 2015, the curve reversed and fluctuation and tendency to increase rates were observed. Conclusions Trends of mortality rates by NCD were declining in the period, however, after 2015, the curve was inverted and the fluctuation and trend of increasing rates was observed, which can compromise the SDG goals in 2030. Key messages The austerity policies adopted and the economic crisis in Brazil after 2015, resulted in increased poverty and worsening NCD mortality indicators. With the NCD indicators worsening in 2015, SDG targets may not be achieved.

scholarly journals Walking and hypertension: greater reductions in subjects with higher baseline systolic blood pressure following six months of guided walking

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Mandini ◽  
Francesco Conconi ◽  
Elisa Mori ◽  
Jonathan Myers ◽  
Giovanni Grazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Walking Intervention ◽  
Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Walking Time

Background The aim of the study was to assess the effects of walking on the blood pressure in sedentary adults with differing degrees of systolic blood pressure (SBP). Methods A total of 529 subjects with SBP above 120 mmHg were enrolled. Blood pressure, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and walking speed were determined at enrolment and after six months. Walking sessions were supervised by exercise physiologists. Results The weekly walking time of the subjects completing the project was uniform and reached 300 minutes by the second month. 56% of participants completed the 6 months intervention (182 women 59.6 ± 9.0 years, and 114 men, 65.4 ± 8.6 years) 27 had a baseline SBP >160 mm Hg, 35 between 150–159, 70 between 140–149, 89 between 130–139 and 75 between 120–129 mmHg. Following six months of supervised walking, SBP was significantly reduced in all subgroups (p < 0.001), with the greatest reduction (−21.3 mmHg) occurring in subjects with baseline SBP >160 and the smallest reduction (−2.6 mmHg) occurring in subjects with baseline SBP of 120–129 mmHg. Diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body mass index and waist circumference were also significantly reduced following the walking intervention (p < 0.001). These reductions were nearly identical within the various groups. Discussion In a large group of sedentary adults with varying degrees of SBP, 6 months of supervised walking elicited a marked reduction in systolic blood pressure with the largest reductions in pressure occurring in individuals with higher baseline SBP.

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