scholarly journals Different Effects of 7-nitroindazole and L-NAME Administered Both Individually and Together on the Cardiovascular System of the Rat

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. KRISTEK ◽  
M. DROBNA ◽  
C. CACANYIOVA
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Walls ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
Hypertrophy Of The Heart ◽  
Functional Investigation ◽  
Similar Decrease

We evaluated the effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) (50 mg/kg/day) and 7-nitroindazole (7NI) (10 mg/kg/day) administered from 10th-16th week of age either individually or together on cardiovascular system of Wistar rats and SHR. Systolic blood pressure (sBP) was measured weekly by the plethysmographic method. For morphological studies, the animals (n=10) were perfused with a fixative (120 mm Hg), and thoracic aorta and carotid and coronary arteries were processed for electron microscopy. For functional investigation (n=10), aortic rings were used in an organ bath. In Wistar rats, L-NAME evoked an increase of sBP; hypertrophy of the heart and arterial walls; an increase in cross-sectional areas (CSA) of endothelial cells (EC), muscle cells (SMC), extracellular matrix (ECM), and a decrease in acetylcholine-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation (EDR). 7NI evoked sBP-independent hypotrophy of the heart and arterial walls, a decrease in CSA of EC and SMC without affecting the CSA of ECM, and a mild decrease in acetylcholine-induced EDR. 7NI and L-NAME administered together evoked lower effect on BP and trophicity of the heart and all arteries, and a similar decrease in acetylcholine-induced EDR compared to L-NAME alone. In SHR, 7NI did not evoke any effect on the studied parameters.

Cardiovascular Responses to Muscle Stretching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Marianna Bellafiore ◽  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Antonio Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis

AbstractThe aim of this study will be to review the current body of literature to understand the effects of stretching on the responses of the cardiovascular system. A literature search was performed using the following databases: Scopus, NLM Pubmed and ScienceDirect. Studies regarding the effects of stretching on responses of the cardiovascular system were investigated. Outcomes regarded heart rate(HR), blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV of which baPWV for brachial-ankle and cfPWV for carotid-femoral waveforms), heart rate variability and endothelial vascular function. Subsequently, the effects of each outcome were quantitatively synthetized using meta-analytic synthesis with random-effect models. A total of 16 studies were considered eligible and included in the quantitative synthesis. Groups were also stratified according to cross-sectional or longitudinal stretching interventions. Quality assessment through the NHLBI tools observed a “fair-to-good” quality of the studies. The meta-analytic synthesis showed a significant effect of d=0.38 concerning HR, d=2.04 regarding baPWV and d=0.46 for cfPWV. Stretching significantly reduces arterial stiffness and HR. The qualitative description of the studies was also supported by the meta-analytic synthesis. No adverse effects were reported, after stretching, in patients affected by cardiovascular disease on blood pressure. There is a lack of studies regarding vascular adaptations to stretching.

scholarly journals Analysis of the muscle tissue of Wistar rats submitted to the sciatic nerve compression model and cryotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhenifer Karvat ◽  
Camila Mayumi Martin Kakihata ◽  
Lizyana Vieira ◽  
José Luis da Conceição Silva ◽  
Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of right sciatic nerve compression and cryotherapy on muscle tissue. Methods: We used 42 male Wistar rats, subdivided in the following Groups Control, Injury 3, Injury 8 and Injury 15 submitted to nerve compression and euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th day after surgery. The Cryotherapy Injury 3 was entailed treatment with cryotherapy by immersion of the animal in recipient for 20 minutes during 1 day, then animals were euthanized at the 3rd day after surgery, and the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 was treated for 6 days, and euthanized at the 8th and 15th day after surgery. Functional evaluation was performed by the grasping strength of the right pelvic limb. The right tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated for mass, smaller diameter and cross-sectional area. In the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 groups, the hydroxyproline was dosed in the right soles. Results: In the compression there was a significant difference in the Injury Groups compared with the Control Group (p<0.05). In the smaller diameter, the compression in Control Group was higher than Injury 8 (p=0.0094), Injury 15 (p=0.002) and Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001) groups. The comparison between groups with euthanasia in the same post-operative period, a significant difference (p=0.0363) was seen in day 8th after surgery, and this result in Cryotherapy Injury Group was greater than Injury Group. In the fiber area, Control Group was also higher than the Injury 8 (p=0.0018), the Injury 15 (p<0.001) and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001). In hydroxyproline, no significant difference was seen between groups. Conclusion: Nerve damage resulted in decreased muscle strength and trophism, the cryotherapy delayed hypotrophy, but this effect did not persist after cessation of treatment.

P5 The long-term effect of hydrogen sulphide deficiency on general parameters and structure of cardiovascular system of Wistar rats

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. S17
Author(s):  
Frantisek Kristek ◽  
Magdalena Malekova ◽  
Andreas Berenyiova ◽  
Karol Ondrias
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect

The suboccipital cavernous sinus

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan I. Arnautović ◽  
Ossama Al-Mefty ◽  
T. Glenn Pait ◽  
Ali F. Krisht ◽  
Muhammad M. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Transverse Foramen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Walls ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors studied the microsurgical anatomy of the suboccipital region, concentrating on the third segment (V3) of the vertebral artery (VA), which extends from the transverse foramen of the axis to the dural penetration of the VA, paying particular attention to its loops, branches, supporting fibrous rings, adjacent nerves, and surrounding venous structures. Ten cadaver heads (20 sides) were fixed in formalin, their blood vessels were perfused with colored silicone rubber, and they were dissected under magnification. The authors subdivided the V3 into two parts, the horizontal (V3h) and the vertical (V3v), and studied the anatomical structures topographically, from the superficial to the deep tissues. In two additional specimens, serial histological sections were acquired through the V3 and its encircling elements to elucidate their cross-sectional anatomy. Measurements of surgically and clinically important features were obtained with the aid of an operating microscope. This study reveals an astonishing anatomical resemblance between the suboccipital complex and the cavernous sinus, as follows: venous cushioning; anatomical properties of the V3 and those of the petrous—cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA), namely their loops, branches, supporting fibrous rings, and periarterial autonomic neural plexus; adjacent nerves; and skull base locations. Likewise, a review of the literature showed a related embryological development and functional and pathological features, as well as similar transitional patterns in the arterial walls of the V3 and the petrous-cavernous ICA. Hence, due to its similarity to the cavernous sinus, this suboccipital complex is here named the “suboccipital cavernous sinus.” Its role in physiological and pathological conditions as they pertain to various clinical and surgical implications is also discussed.

scholarly journals Supra-physiological dose of testosterone induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prapawadee Pirompol ◽  
Vassana Teekabut ◽  
Wattana Weerachatyanukul ◽  
Tepmanas Bupha-Intr ◽  
Jonggonnee Wattanapermpool
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Hypertrophy Of The Heart ◽  
Contractile Activation

Testosterone and androgenic anabolic steroids have been misused for enhancement of physical performance despite many reports on cardiac sudden death. Although physiological level of testosterone provided many regulatory benefits to human health, including the cardiovascular function, supra-physiological levels of the hormone induce hypertrophy of the heart with unclear contractile activation. In this study, dose- and time-dependent effects of high-testosterone treatment on cardiac structure and function were evaluated. Adult male rats were divided into four groups of testosterone treatment for 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg BW for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Increases in both percentage heart:body weight ratio and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area in representing hypertrophy of the heart were significantly shown in all testosterone-treated groups to the same degree. In 4-week-treated rats, physiological cardiac hypertrophy was apparent with an upregulation of α-MHC without any change in myofilament contractile activation. In contrast, pathological cardiac hypertrophy was observed in 8- and 12-week testosterone-treated groups, as indicated by suppression of myofilament activation and myocardial collagen deposition without transition of MHC isoforms. Only in 12-week testosterone-treated group, eccentric cardiac hypertrophy was demonstrated with unaltered myocardial stiffness, but significant reductions in the phosphorylation signals of ERK1/2 and mTOR. Results of our study suggest that the outcome of testosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy is not dose dependent but is rather relied on the factor of exposure to duration in inducing maladaptive responses of the heart.

scholarly journals Long-term effect of losartan administration on blood pressure, heart and structure of coronary artery of young spontaneously hypertensive rats

2009 ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Koprdová ◽  
M Cebová ◽  
F Kristek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Inner Diameter

Alterations in geometry and structure of coronary arteries have marked consequences on blood flow to the respective area. We evaluated long-term effect of losartan on blood pressure (BP), heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), geometry and structure of septal branch of coronary artery (RS) of young SHR and Wistar rats. Four-week-old Wistar rats and SHR were used. Losartan was administered (20 mg/kg/day) in drinking water by gavage for 5 weeks. BP was measured by plethysmographic method. Cardiovascular system was perfused with a fixative (120 mm Hg). RS was processed for electron microscopy. Wall thickness of intima + media (WT), inner diameter (ID), cross-sectional area of intima + media (CSA), volume densities (VD) of endothelial cells (EC), extracellular matrix (ECM) of intima, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and ECM of media were evaluated. BP of 4-week-old SHR did not differ from that of Wistar rats. BP, HW/BW, WT, CSA, WT/ID, CSAs of SMC, ECM of media were increased in 9-weekold SHR, whereas their VD and CSA of EC were decreased. Losartan administration decreased BP and HW/BW in both groups. Geometry of RS was affected only in SHR (reduction of WT, CSA, WT/ID and increased of ID, circumferential tension, VD and CSA of EC). Losartan administration reduced BP and myocardial mass in both groups and beneficially affected geometry and structure of coronary artery in SHR.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Restrictions Are Associated With a Significant Decrease of All Common Respiratory Viral Illnesses in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110448
Author(s):  
Melanie M. Randall ◽  
Fairuz Despujos Harfouche ◽  
Jennifer Raae-Nielsen ◽  
Brian G. Chen ◽  
Miryah Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Panel Testing ◽  
Panel Test ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Similar Decrease

To combat the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), significant measures were enacted including school and business closures, social distancing, and facial coverings. We hypothesized that this would have an impact on all respiratory infections in children. Using nasopharyngeal panel test results of children in the emergency department, we evaluated cross-sectional data from February to May in both 2019 and 2020. Respiratory panel testing included 11 common respiratory viruses and bacteria. After the restrictions were enacted, we observed a large drop in the number and percentage positive of all common respiratory viral infections in 2020 compared with the same time in 2019. When analyzing data from children <2 years old, a similar decrease was seen. Restrictions enacted to prevent the spread of COVID-19 were associated with a significant decrease in respiratory viral infections in children of all ages. This association could guide future public health recommendations and guidelines.

scholarly journals THYROID DISORDERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Mohy U Din ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Rehan Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Thyroid hormones have many effects on cardiovascular function,and deficiency or excess of thyroid hormones can result in cardiac dysfunction. Abnormalitiesof the cardiovascular system are often identified during examination of hyperthyroid andhypothyroid patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to address the effects of thyroidhormones on the cardiovascular system and the clinical relevance of the cardiovascularresponse to thyroid dysfunction. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: The studywas conducted at Allied Hospital / Punjab Medical College Faisalabad and PINUM HospitalFaisalabad. Period: October 2014 to August 2015. Materials and Methods: Total 100 patientswith thyroid disease (Hypo/hyperthyroidism) were enrolled in the study. Any patient age ≥20years, that had documented history of thyroid disease (Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) oron medications for thyroid disorder was recruited in this study. Results: Total 100 consecutivepatients with abnormal thyroid function tests who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteriawere enrolled in the study. Mean age was 47.9 ± 23.20 years. 16 % were male and 84%were female. Majority of the patients 37( 37%) were in age group 51 - 60 years. 53 % weresuffering from overt hyperthyroidism and 31 % were suffering from hypothyroidism. Subclinicalhyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was present in 7% and 9% patients respectively. Goiterwas present in 24 % patients. Atrial fibrillation was observed in 34% hyperthyroid patients.Overall 23% were diabetics and 25% had H/O hypertension. Dyslipidemia was present in20% hyperthyroid and 25% hypothyroid patients. Echocardiography was performed in 19%patients. 7% patients undergone thyroid surgery. Overall 11% patients were suffering from CCF.Pulmonary hypertension was observed in 17% hyperthyroid and 35.48% hypothyroid patients.MeanFT4 in hypothyroid patients was 1.16±022 ng/dl. Mean TSH was 10.92±21.09 (μIU/ml)in hypothyroid and 0.19±0.14 (μIU/ml) in hyperthyroid patients. Conclusions: The outcomeof this study suggests that patients with untreated overt / subclinical thyroid dysfunction are atincreased risk of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS ROXBURGHIANUS NEVSKI HYDROALCOHOLIC AREAL PLANT EXTRACT IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC MODELS IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
SARAVANAKUMAR K ◽  
RADHIKA CHIKATIPALLI ◽  
CHANDRA SEKHAR KOTHAPALLI BONNOTH
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Chronic Models

Objective: Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus roxburghianus Nevski aerial parts in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A. roxburghianus dried aerial parts were extracted with ethyl alcohol: water (70:30) ratio, respectively, by the hot Soxhlet method. Hydroalcoholic A. roxburghianus extract (HARE) was further concentrated to obtain a semisolid residue. Two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of HARE were tested against formaldehyde-induced acute non-immunological and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino Wistar rats. Arthritis assessment was done by morphological studies (paw volume, paw diameter, and body wt.) and hematological parameters radiological, histopathological, and organ wt. studies were also done on the 28th day after animals were sacrificed. Results: Dose-dependent and significant inhibition of edema were observed in both acute as well as chronic models. The extract at dose 400 mg/kg showed most potent and significant (p<0.05) paw edema inhibition which is supported by the results of paw volume and diameter, hematological parameters, in FCA-induced arthritis model. Treatment with HARE also decreased the histopathological alterations induced by FCA model. Conclusion: HARE protects synovial membrane by improving the health status exhibits promising anti-arthritic activity. This finding thus supports the traditional use of A. roxburghianus for arthritis. However, further studies are needed to carry out the isolation of active constituents of the fraction responsible for the activity.

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