scholarly journals Spatial Navigation: Implications for Animal Models, Drug Development and Human Studies

2014 ◽  
pp. S237-S249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. STUCHLIK ◽  
S. KUBIK ◽  
K. VLCEK ◽  
K. VALES
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
And Behavior

Spatial navigation and memory is considered to be a part of the declarative memory system and it is widely used as an animal model of human declarative memory. However, spatial tests typically involve only static settings, despite the dynamic nature of the real world. Animals, as well as people constantly need to interact with moving objects, other subjects or even with entire moving environments (flowing water, running stairway). Therefore, we design novel spatial tests in dynamic environments to study brain mechanisms of spatial processing in more natural settings with an interdisciplinary approach including neuropharmacology. We also translate data from neuropharmacological studies and animal models into development of novel therapeutic approaches to neuropsychiatric disorders and more sensitive screening tests for impairments of memory, thought, and behavior.

INTRODUCTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. V-V
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. HAGGERTY
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Developmental Psychobiology ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Made In

The William T. Grant Foundation supports eight consortia, each devoted to a specific issue, and each consisting of ten to twenty members from a Variety of scientific disciplines. Our purpose is to provide a forum for discussion of ideas, research, and conceptual and theoretical bases of that research to individuals who work in related areas, but who might not under other circumstances have easy communication with each other, especially in the preliminary stages of the development of their research projects. By the time national meetings occur, projects are of necessity completed, and there is no chance for modification using an interdisciplinary approach. We have been very pleased with this device to bring research workers of different disciplines together. The newest of these consortia is devoted to the Developmental Psychobiology of Stress and includes pediatricians, psychologists, and anthropologists who work on both human and animal models. This group moved promptly in their first meeting to bring together a talented group of researchers from different disciplines; the results of their research are presented in this supplement. They well exemplify the advances that have been made in recent years in methodology to study mind-body interactions in infants and older children. Methodologic barriers in the past have limited research on stress in humans. It is stimulating and exciting to see that these barriers are beginning to be overcome, and that research such as is presented here is illuminating this exciting new field. It has enormous application to pediatric practice and child health in the future.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyota Fujita ◽  
Yusaku Nakabeppu ◽  
Mami Noda
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Since the first description of Parkinson's disease (PD) nearly two centuries ago, a number of studies have revealed the clinical symptoms, pathology, and therapeutic approaches to overcome this intractable neurodegenerative disease. 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are neurotoxins which produce Parkinsonian pathology. From the animal studies using these neurotoxins, it has become well established that oxidative stress is a primary cause of, and essential for, cellular apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. Here, we describe the mechanism whereby oxidative stress evokes irreversible cell death, and propose a novel therapeutic strategy for PD using molecular hydrogen. Hydrogen has an ability to reduce oxidative damage and ameliorate the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal pathway in two experimental animal models. Thus, it is strongly suggested that hydrogen might provide a great advantage to prevent or minimize the onset and progression of PD.

Modification of Hippocampal Markers of Synaptic Plasticity by Memantine in Animal Models of Acute and Repeated Restraint Stress: Implications for Memory and Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Nasr Amin ◽  
Ahmed Amro El-Aidi ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa Ali ◽  
Yasser Mahmoud Attia ◽  
Laila Ahmed Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Repeated Restraint Stress ◽  
And Behavior

A CSP-Based Approach for Managing the Dynamic Reconfiguration of Software Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Abdelfetah Saadi ◽  
Youcef Hammal ◽  
Mourad Chabane Oussalah
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Reconfiguration ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Behavioral Consistency ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Model Concept ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Run Time ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Updates ◽  
Complicated Task

Software applications are composed of a set of interconnected software components running on different machines. Most of these applications have a dynamic nature and need to reconfigure structure and behavior at run-time. The dynamic reconfiguration of software is a problem that must be dealt with. Reconfiguring this kind of applications is a complicated task and risks to take software at an undesirable situation. In this paper, the authors present a solution whose objective is to provide a complete support for reconfiguring and formally verifying consistency of dynamic updates of software before performing them. The aim is to provide highly available systems with the ability to safely modify their structure and behavior at run-time. The proposed approach is based mainly on the use of the meta-model concept for reconfiguration structural checking, and the CSP language, refinement technique, and the FDR model checking tool for the verification of reconfiguration behavioral consistency. The authors have also developed a tool prototype that validates and implements their proposals.

Play Therapy for Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-280
Author(s):  
Gaurav Thapliyal ◽  
Sushma Kotnala
Keyword(s):  
Play Therapy ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
And Behavior

A play is referred to the language of children through which they express and communicate their feelings, thoughts, and behavior in a playful way. Play therapy enables children to gain an understanding of themselves and the world around them and helps them to overcome behavioral, emotional, social, and various other issues through play activities. The chapter majorly focuses on the effectiveness of play therapy in different neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent trends and studies suggested that play therapy is one of the most favored therapeutic approaches used in the children with various neurodevelopmental disorders.

Stress and Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-328
Author(s):  
Richard McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes ◽  
Dopamine Signaling ◽  
And Behavior

Animal models of bipolar disorder (BD) should capture the switching of mood states from mania to depression and vice versa. Dopamine signaling pathways in brain, including variations in the dopamine transporter protein, have been a focus of many animal models of BD. Another aspect of BD in humans is reflected in circadian and seasonal changes in onset of symptoms. Other animal models of BD include the Myshkin and Madison mouse strains, both of which display mania-like behavior that is reversed by treatment with lithium or valproic acid. Another experimental approach has been to manipulate circadian clock genes and examine effects on dopamine signaling and behavior. Finally, manipulations of risk genes for BD in laboratory mice have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in extreme alterations in mood state.

scholarly journals How to Improve the Antioxidant Defense in Asphyxiated Newborns—Lessons from Animal Models

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Hanna Kletkiewicz ◽  
Maciej Klimiuk ◽  
Alina Woźniak ◽  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska ◽  
Karol Dokladny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Neonatal Asphyxia ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in brain damage after neonatal asphyxia. In the early phase of asphyxia/reoxygenation, changes in antioxidant enzyme activity play a pivotal role in switching on and off the cascade of events that can kill the neurons. Hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) forces the brain to activate endogenous mechanisms (e.g., antioxidant enzymes) to compensate for the lost or broken neural circuits. It is important to evaluate therapies to enhance the self-protective capacity of the brain. In animal models, decreased body temperature during neonatal asphyxia has been shown to increase cerebral antioxidant capacity. However, in preterm or severely asphyxiated newborns this therapy, rather than beneficial seems to be harmful. Thus, seeking new therapeutic approaches to prevent anoxia-induced complications is crucial. Pharmacotherapy with deferoxamine (DFO) is commonly recognized as a beneficial regimen for H/I insult. DFO, via iron chelation, reduces oxidative stress. It also assures an optimal antioxidant protection minimizing depletion of the antioxidant enzymes as well as low molecular antioxidants. In the present review, some aspects of recently acquired insight into the therapeutic effects of hypothermia and DFO in promoting neuronal survival after H/I are discussed.

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