scholarly journals Selected Adipokines - Plasma Concentrations and Adipose Tissue Expressions during 24-Hour Lipid Infusion in Healthy Men

2010 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
J Kopecký ◽  
E Krušinová ◽  
M Klementová ◽  
L Kazdová ◽  
P Mlejnek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lipid Infusion ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Our aim was to assess the reaction of TNFα, resistin, leptin and adiponectin to lipid infusion. Eight healthy subjects underwent a 24-hour lasting infusion of lipid emulsion. Plasma concentrations and expressions of selected cytokines in subcutaneous fat were measured. TNFα plasma concentration did not change during the first 4 hours of hypertriglyceridemia, but a significant increase after 24 hours was detected (p<0.001 for 0; 30; 240 min vs. 24 h). Plasma concentration of resistin significantly increased at 30 min of infusion and remained elevated (p<0.01 for 0 min vs. 30; 240 min; p<0.001 for 0 min vs. 24 h). Plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin did not show any significant changes. Although the expression of resistin in the subcutaneous adipose tissue tended to increase, the change was not significant. Expressions of TNFα, leptin and adiponectin were unaffected. In conclusions, our results indicate that acutely induced hyperlipidemia could influence the secretion of TNFα and resistin.

scholarly journals Plasma concentration and expression of adipokines in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue are associated with impaired left ventricular filling pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Toczylowski ◽  
Tomasz Hirnle ◽  
Dorota Harasiuk ◽  
Piotr Zabielski ◽  
Anna Lewczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Background Adipokines in serum derive mainly from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), being a relatively small but unique fat depot, probably does not make an important contribution to systemic concentrations of adipokines. However, proximity of EAT to cardiac muscle and coronary arteries allows cells and proteins to penetrate between tissues. It is hypothesized that overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in EAT plays an important role in pathophysiology of the heart. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between echocardiographic heart parameters and adipokines in plasma, epicardial, and subcutaneous fat in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, we evaluate proinflammatory properties of EAT by comparing that depot with subcutaneous adipose tissue. Methods The study included 55 male individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent planned coronary artery bypass graft. Plasma concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, apelin, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as their mRNA and protein expressions in EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were determined. Results Obesity and diabetes were associated with increased leptin and decreased adiponectin plasma levels, higher protein expression of leptin and IL-6 in SAT, and higher visfatin protein expression in EAT. Impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function was associated with increased plasma concentrations of leptin, resistin, IL-6, and adiponectin, as well as with increased expressions of resistin, apelin, and adiponectin in SAT, and leptin in EAT. Conclusions Obesity and T2DM in individuals with CAD have a limited effect on adipokines. Expression of adipokines in EAT and SAT is linked to certain heart parameters, however diastolic dysfunction of the LV is strongly associated with circulating adipokines.

scholarly journals Effect of an Endurance and Strength Mixed Circuit Training on Regional Fat Thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Andrea Casolo ◽  
Matteo Saoncella ◽  
Carlo Bertaggia ◽  
Marco Fantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Training Protocol

Accumulation of adipose tissue in specific body areas is related to many physiological and hormonal variables. Spot reduction (SR) is a training protocol aimed to stimulate lipolysis locally, even though this training protocol has not been extensively studied in recent years. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the effect of a circuit-training SR on subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy adults. Methods: Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to spot reduction (SR) or to a traditional resistance training (RT) protocol. Body composition via bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue via skinfold and ultrasound were measured before and after eight weeks of training. Results: SR significantly reduced body mass (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: circuit-training SR may be an efficient strategy to reduce in a localized manner abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue depot.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity: A new risk factor for stone disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Akarken ◽  
Hüseyin Tarhan ◽  
Rahmi Gökhan Ekin ◽  
Özgür Çakmak ◽  
Gökhan Koç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Introduction: We examined the relationship between stone disease and the amount of visceral adipose tissue measured with unenhanced computed tomography (CT).Methods: We included 149 patients with complaints of flank pain and kidney stones detected by CT, from August 2012 to April 2013. In addition, as the control group we included 139 healthy individuals, with flank pain within the same time period, with no previous history of urological disease and no current kidney stones identified by CT. Patients were analyzed for age, gender, body mass index, amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and serum level of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.Results: There were no differences between groups in terms of gender and age (p = 0.27 and 0.06, respectively). Respective measurements for the stone and control groups for body mass index were 29.1 and 27.6 kg/m2; for visceral fat measurement 186.0 and 120.2 cm2; and for subcutaneous fat measurements 275.9 and 261.9 cm2 (p = 0.01; 0.01 and 0.36, respectively). Using multivariate analysis, the following factors were identified as increasing the risk of kidney stone formation: hyperlipidemia (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.001), and ratio of visceral fat tissue to subcutaneous fat tissue (p = 0.01). Our study has its limitations, including its retrospective nature, its small sample size, possible selection bias, and missing data. The lack of stone composition data is another major limitation of our study.Conclusion: The ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue, in addition to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, was identified as an emerging factor in the formation of kidney stones.

scholarly journals Association of fat mass profile with natriuretic peptide receptor alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue of medication-free healthy men: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Petros C. Dinas ◽  
Eleni Nintou ◽  
Dimitra Psychou ◽  
Marnie Granzotto ◽  
Marco Rossato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: Atrial natriuretic peptide increases lipolysis in human adipocytes by binding to natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA). The aim of the current study was to examine the associations of NPRA mRNA of subcutaneous adipose tissue with fat mass, fat-free mass, body mass index (BMI) and arterial blood pressure in medication-free healthy men. Method: Thirty-two volunteers [age (years): 36.06±7.36, BMI: 27.60±4.63 (kg/m2)] underwent assessments of body height/weight, % fat mass, fat-free mass (kg), blood pressure, and a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy via a surgical technique. Results: We found that NPRA mRNA was negatively associated with % fat mass (r=-0.40, R2=0.16, p=0.03) and BMI (r=-0.45, R2=0.20, p=0.01). Cohen’s f2 effect size analyses showed a small effect size between NPRA mRNA and BMI (f2=0.25). One-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc tests showed a tendency for mean differences of NPRA mRNA across BMI categories (p=0.06). This was confirmed by Cohen’s d effect size analyses revealing a large effect size of NPRA mRNA between obese individuals (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and either normal weight (BMI=19-25 kg/m2; d=0.94) or overweight (BMI=25-30 kg/m2; d=1.12) individuals. Conclusions: NPRA mRNA is negatively associated with % fat mass and BMI in medication-free healthy men, suggesting a possible role of NPRA in the control of fat mass accumulation.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous adipose tissue free fatty acid uptake measured using positron emission tomography and adipose biopsies in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E194-E199
Author(s):  
Yanli Cao ◽  
Nicola Gathaiya ◽  
Qiaojun Han ◽  
Bradley J. Kemp ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Palmitate Uptake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals can noninvasively measure free fatty acid (FFA) uptake into adipose tissue. We studied 29 volunteers to test whether abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using [1-11C]palmitate PET agrees with FFA storage rates measured using an intravenous bolus of [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsies. The dynamic left ventricular cavity PET images combined with blood sample radioactivity corrected for the 11CO2 content were used to create the blood time activity curve (TAC), and the constant ( Ki) was determined using Patlak analysis of the TACs generated for regions of interest in abdominal subcutaneous fat. These data were used to calculate palmitate uptake rates in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (µmol·kg−1·min−1). Immediately after the dynamic imaging, a static image of the thigh was taken to measure the standardized uptake value (SUV) in thigh adipose tissue, which was scaled to each participant’s abdominal adipose tissue SUV to calculate thigh adipose palmitate uptake rates. Abdominal adipose palmitate uptake using PET [1-11C]palmitate was correlated with, but significantly ( P < 0.001) greater than, FFA storage measured using [1-14C]palmitate and adipose biopsy. Thigh adipose palmitate measured using PET calculation was positively correlated ( R2 = 0.44, P < 0.0001) with and not different from the biopsy approach. The relative differences between PET measured abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue palmitate uptake and biopsy-measured palmitate storage were positively correlated ( P = 0.03) with abdominal subcutaneous fat. We conclude that abdominal adipose tissue FFA uptake measured using PET does not equate to adipose FFA storage measured using biopsy techniques.

scholarly journals Low-Grade Inflammation Is Not Present in Former Obese Males but Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration Persists

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ara ◽  
Pernille Auerbach ◽  
Steen Larsen ◽  
Esmeralda Mata ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Macrophage infiltration in two subcutaneous adipose tissue depots and systemic low-grade inflammation were studied in post-obese (PO), obese (O), and control (C) subjects. Young males were recruited into PO: (n = 10, weight-loss avg. 26%, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.7, mean ±SEM kg/m2), O: (n = 10, BMI: 33.8 ± 1.0kg/m2) and C: (n = 10, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2). PO and C were matched by BMI. Blood and abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained in the overnight fasted state. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and CRP were higher (p < 0.05) in O than in PO and C, TNF-α was higher (p < 0.05) only in O compared to PO and IL-18 was similar between groups. The number of CD68+ macrophages was higher (p < 0.05) in the gluteal than the abdominal depot, and higher (p < 0.05) in O and PO compared to C in both depots. The content of CD163+ macrophages was similar between depots but was higher (p < 0.05) in PO compared to C and O in the gluteal depot. In post obese men with a long-term sustained weight loss, systemic low-grade inflammation was similar to non-obese controls despite a higher subcutaneous adipose tissue CD68+ macrophage content. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory CD163+ macrophage adipose tissue content was consistently higher in post obese than obese and controls.

Subcutaneous Fat (or Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue)

2012 ◽  
pp. 826-826
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Lynch ◽  
David G. Harrison ◽  
Hanjoong Jo ◽  
Charles Searles ◽  
Philippe Connes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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