scholarly journals WATER SECURITY IN ECOLOGICAL POLITICS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yunus Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ecological Politics ◽  
Ecological Leadership ◽  
Real Action ◽  
Over Time

The major challenges related to water security today are efforts to reduce flood risk; and efforts to increase water supply for communities, industry and agriculture. The ecohydrological approach is present as a solution to these two challenges. On the other hand, the ecological problem with the issue of water security in it has developed over time and awaits real action by the government. In a political framework, ecological issues have been considered marginal and lacking in priority instead of being dominated by other fields, such as economy, law, and infrastructure. In fact, the government is to be committed to promoting eco-friendly development. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, leadership that cares about the environment as a manifestation of ecological politics is a necessity, and is expected to be present both substantially and factually. With the spirit of ecological leadership, strengthening the environmental sector will be on par with other sectors.  Keywords: water security, eco-friendly development, ecological politics, ecological leadership.    

A NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM: ORGANIZED DIVERSITY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-817
Author(s):  
P. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
The Government

The pivotal long-range question in medical reform is whether medicine should be viewed as a technical activity with occasional moral or social overtones or, alternatively, as a social and moral activity with a technical substratum. Is . . . medical care . . .more like the supply of water or the provision of education? If medical care is ultimately a technical activity like water supply, its management can be safely entrusted to experts in the field. If, on the other hand, medical care is primarily a moral and social activity like education, the situation is quite different . . . . Consequently, in organizing our institutions, we have good reason to provide for both participation and diversity. We may also wish to sacrifice some of the "efficiency" of a single, professionally run system for the relative inefficiency of variegated institutions sometimes in conflict with one another. In the system advocated . . . the government would pay the basic annual cost, although families would choose to spend more for additional services. What I am proposing here is an organized system that uses competition in a premeditated fashion: competition under constraint.

scholarly journals Where Does the Chilean Aconcagua River Come from? Use of Natural Tracers for Water Genesis Characterization in Glacial and Periglacial Environments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2630
Author(s):  
Sebastián Crespo ◽  
Céline Lavergne ◽  
Francisco Fernandoy ◽  
Ariel Muñoz ◽  
Leandro Cara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Water Genesis ◽  
Different Water Sources ◽  
Over Time

The Aconcagua river basin (Chile, 32 °S) has suffered the effects of the megadrought over the last decade. The severe snowfall deficiency drastically modified the water supply to the catchment headwaters. Despite the recognized snowmelt contribution to the basin, an unknown streamflow buffering effect is produced by glacial, periglacial and groundwater inputs, especially in dry periods. Hence, each type of water source was characterized and quantified for each season, through the combination of stable isotope and ionic analyses as natural water tracers. The δ18O and electric conductivity were identified as the key parameters for the differentiation of each water source. The use of these parameters in the stable isotope mixing “simmr” model revealed that snowmelt input accounted 52% in spring and only 22–36% during the rest of the year in the headwaters. While glacial supply contributed up to 34%, both groundwater and periglacial exhibited a remarkable contribution around 20% with some seasonal variations. Downstream, glacial contribution averaged 15–20%, groundwater seasonally increased up to 46%, and periglacial input was surprisingly high (i.e., 14–21%). The different water sources contribution quantification over time for the Aconcagua River reported in this work provides key information for water security in this territory.

Quebec Block Voting and the Canadian Electoral System

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Bakvis ◽  
Laura G. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article examines two contrasting views of Quebec block voting in federal elections. One view has it that the Quebec electorate tends to behave in a monolithic fashion; the other, put by Cairns in 1968, claims that this phenomenon is “a contrivance of the electoral system, not an autonomous social fact.” The evidence shows that block voting, namely, the degree to which an electorate mobilizes behind the largest party, is much more pronounced in Quebec than it is in other provinces, and especially when compared to that in Ontario. Quebec is also more likely than Ontario to determine which party forms the government. The tendency of the electoral system to magnify seat allocations to the largest party, however, is only marginally greater in Quebec relative to Ontario. At the same time, the composition of the Quebec “block” vote has varied considerably over time; it has not always been a distinctively francophone phenomenon. The article further challenges the assumption that the single-member plurality system is inherently inferior to proportional representation as a means of securing the protection of minorities in ethnically diverse societies.

Challenges of Curbing Criminality in Nigeria’s Maritime Domain and its Attendance Implications on Youth Empowerment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Etiese Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

Increasing cases of piracy, sea robbery, illegal bunkering and unauthorized mid-stream discharge, among several other criminalities, constitute a major source of concern to maritime administrations in the Gulf of Guinea, including that of Nigeria.  Youth restiveness especially on the waterways of the Nigerian waters is of great concern to the government of Nigeria and the international communities. Youths grudges hinge on the gross negligence by the multinational oil exploration and production companies operating in the domains on areas of youth employment and empowerment, environmental devastation, education, negligence on environmental impacts restorations etc. While Nigerian current maritime security regulatory framework is not robust enough, enhancement must be made over time in order to continuously improve and deliver a secured maritime transportation system in Nigeria. The youths on the other hand inadvertently believe that by robbing in the water ways, kidnapping of individuals in the water ways for money, sabotaging oil pipelines, hijacking ships and vessels in the water ways and emptying their contents and then re-selling same to other buyers is a quick source of financial empowerment of the youths.

scholarly journals Performance and productivity measurement of urban water supply services in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Amulya Nyathikala ◽  
Mukul Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Price Cap Regulation ◽  
Productivity Measurement ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Supply Services ◽  
Over Time

Water supply services in India are currently not regulated and remain essential monopolies under the strict control of government. These services are mostly perceived as inefficient, reflecting insufficient municipal revenue generations which result in loss-making municipalities that need to be subsidized by the government. The efficiencies and productivities remain largely unmeasured and undetermined, and therefore the perception of inefficient services is not backed by scientific studies. This paper therefore sets up a framework for measuring the performance and productivity of Indian water supply operations. The study utilizes panel data on 21 municipalities observed over the financial years 2005 and 2010, to analyze the relative efficiencies and productivity growths of utilities. Data envelopment analysis is used to obtain efficiency scores and productivity measures such as the Malmquist index. The results indicate the presence of large relative inefficiencies and decreasing productivity of water supply services over time, alluding to a failure to revise tariffs upwards despite increasing input costs over time, thereby driving the need for sector regulation and tariff revision in accordance with X-factors, which was found to have a mean value of 2.4% for possible price cap regulation in the sector. The paper highlights related policy implications.

scholarly journals The Hydropolitics of the Indus Waters Treaty: A Critical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Mehsud ◽  
Malik Adnan ◽  
Azam Jan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Water Dispute ◽  
Indian Rights ◽  
Indus Waters Treaty

This paper discusses the hydro politics of the Indus Waters Treaty from a critical perspective. Many analysts and commentators from both India and Pakistan expressed displeasure with the treaty on the grounds of allotting more waters to the contending party. The Indian side is displeased with 'restricted' rights on western rights, whereas the Pakistani side laments the Indian rights on the western rivers as detrimental to its water security. Neutral experts consider the Indus Waters Treaty as an instance of successful water dispute resolution. However, the treaty's failure to account for future implications of the climate change for water supply and surging population for water demand as well as the absence of the other co-riparians of China and Afghanistan from the treaty and its failure to hardwire enough safeguards to ensure Kashmiri's needs are met from the waters add to the stresses and strains in the Indus Waters Treaty.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Coevolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Max Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Islamist Movements

This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. In particular, it shows that Islamist movements coevolve. Focusing on the histories of Morocco's two main Islamist movements—the Justice and Spirituality Organization, or Al Adl wal Ihsan (Al Adl) and the Party of Justice and Development (PJD)—it suggests that their evolutions can only be fully appreciated if they are relayed in unison. These movements mirror one another depending on the competitive context, sometimes reflecting, sometimes refracting, sometimes borrowing, sometimes adapting or even reorganizing in order to keep up with the other.

Correspondances étymologiques, lexicales et sémantiques dans le processus de féminisation de noms de profession, métiers et activités dans les sociétés française et roumaine

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422
Author(s):  
Estelle Variot
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

"Etymological, Lexical and Semantic Correspondences in the Process of Feminization of Professional Names, Trades and Activities in French and Romanian Societies. The feminization of thought represented by language and of its varieties in the Roman World has allowed to highlight some convergences that come from a common linguistic heritage, often from Greek and Latin and some hesitation about adapting society to its realities. The feminization of some words which comes from an ancient process illustrates on the one hand the potential of the language and on the other hand some constraints sometimes linked to the society itself, which creates transitional periods, between matching grammatical correction and the evolution of linguistic uses over time. The possibilities of lexical enrichment (internal creation or loan) show the means available in French and Romanian and some convergences in the area of derivation, of lexical units and their etymologies. The grammatical perspective and word constructing methods make it possible to give keys for the feminization of names of trades or professions. Likewise, recording entries in the lexicon, their evolution, their assimilation or sometimes their forgetfulness, for the benefit of new constructions highlight the existence of objective and subjective criteria which teach us a lot about society as a whole. Keywords: feminization of professions, internal and external enrichment, suffixal match, use of words, grammar, lexicon, French and Romanian."

The Values and Norms of Islam

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ahmed Akgunduz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Value System ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Islamic Legal Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIslamic Law is one of the broadest and most comprehensive systems of legislation in the world. It was applied, through various schools of thought, from one end of the Muslim world to the other. It also had a great impact on other nations and cultures. We will focus in this article on values and norms in Islamic law. The value system of Islam is immutable and does not tolerate change over time for the simple fact that human nature does not change. The basic values and needs (which can be called maṣlaḥa) are classified hierarchically into three levels: (1) necessities (Ḍarūriyyāt), (2) convenience (Ḥājiyyāt), and (3) refinements (Kamāliyyāt=Taḥsīniyyāt). In Islamic legal theory (Uṣūl al‐fiqh) the general aim of legislation is to realize values through protecting and guaranteeing their necessities (al-Ḍarūriyyāt) as well as stressing their importance (al‐ Ḥājiyyāt) and their refinements (taḥsīniyyāt).In the second part of this article we will draw attention to Islamic norms. Islam has paid great attention to norms that protect basic values. We cannot explain all the Islamic norms that relate to basic values, but we will classify them categorically. We will focus on four kinds of norms: 1) norms (rules) concerned with belief (I’tiqādiyyāt), 2) norms (rules) concerned with law (ʿAmaliyyāt); 3) general legal norms (Qawā‘id al‐ Kulliyya al‐Fiqhiyya); 4) norms (rules) concerned with ethics (Wijdāniyyāt = Aḵlāqiyyāt = Ādāb = social and moral norms).

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