Toward an integrated understanding of traumatic grief: Connecting prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and depression symptoms in traumatically and non-traumatically bereaved individuals

10.33540/45 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Manik Djelantik
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Traumatic Grief

Concurrent Treatment for PTSD and Prolonged Grief Disorder: Review of Outcomes for Exposure- and Nonexposure-Based Treatments

2019 ◽  
pp. 003022281985490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine R. Eddinger ◽  
Madeleine M. Hardt ◽  
Joah L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Concurrent Treatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Traumatic Grief

This review gives an overview of treatments used to concurrently reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD). For purposes of this review, emphasis is placed on locating and comparing literature on exposure- and nonexposure-based treatments. Across 14 studies, the overall findings suggest that treatments are generally effective in treating PTSD and PGD concurrently and that treatments incorporating exposure-based components performed similarly to those without exposure-based components. However, methodological limitations preclude the ability to draw firm conclusions about the added impact of exposure-based components in traumatic grief treatment. Future directions for research on concurrent treatments for PTSD and PGD are discussed.

Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Interventions and Posttraumatic Stress and Depression Outcomes Among Women: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Kysar-Moon ◽  
Matthew Vasquez ◽  
Tierra Luppen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Analysis Models

Abstract Research shows that most people experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetimes, and between 6% and 8% of those with a history of trauma will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or related mental health conditions. Women face a greater threat of trauma exposure and have a higher risk of PTSD and depression than men. Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TSY), a body-based adjunctive therapy, has shown potential in several studies as an effective method for reducing PTSD and depression symptoms. However, existing research and systematic reviews vary widely in their methodological rigor and comparison samples. Thus, in this systematic review we examined the effectiveness of TSY among women with a history of trauma and depression who had participated in randomized control trials with clear control and experimental groups. Findings in fixed- and mixed-effects meta-analysis models suggest marginally significant to no effects of TSY on PTSD and depression outcomes. Our systematic review highlights critical questions and significant gaps in the existing literature about the rationale and best practices of TSY intervention duration.

Age moderates the relationship between source of social support and mental health in racial minority lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-897
Author(s):  
Anna E Wise ◽  
Brian C Smith ◽  
Aaron P Armelie ◽  
Jessica M Boarts ◽  
Douglas L Delahanty
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between source of social support and mental health (and the moderating impact of age) in 64 low socioeconomic status, racial minority lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents/young adults. Social support from family ( β = −.302, p = .03; β = −.364, p = .008), but not friends or significant others, was independently related to posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms, respectively. Family social support was associated with lower posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in participants aged 16–19 years, while friend social support was associated with lower symptoms for participants aged over 20 years. Friend social support was also associated with lower posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in participants aged 16–17 years. Interventions should target age-appropriate sources of social support.

scholarly journals A Mobile App for Prolonged Grief among Bereaved Parents: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakel Eklund ◽  
Maarten Eisma ◽  
Paul Boelen ◽  
Filip Arnberg ◽  
Josefin Sveen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Bereaved Parents

Introduction: Bereaved parents have elevated risk to develop mental health problems, yet, few studies have evaluated the effect of psychosocial interventions developed for bereaved parents. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), both face-to-face or digitally delivered, has shown to be an effective intervention for prolonged grief symptoms. Self-help mobile apps offer various advantages and studies show improved mental health after app interventions. No app has yet been evaluated targeting prolonged grief in bereaved parents. Therefore, the aim of this planned study is to develop and examine the effectiveness of a CBT-based mobile app, called My Grief, in reducing symptoms of prolonged grief, as well as other psychological symptoms, in bereaved parents. Another aim is to assess users experiences and adverse events of My Grief. Methods and analysis: We will conduct a two-armed randomized waitlist-controlled trial. Parents living in Sweden, who lost a child to cancer between one and ten years ago, with elevated symptoms of prolonged grief, will be recruited to participate in the trial. The content of My Grief covers four main domains (Learn: Self-monitoring: Exercises: Get support) and builds on principles of CBT and the proven-effective PTSD Coach app. Participants in the intervention group will fill out online questionnaires at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12-months follow-ups, and the waitlist-controls at baseline and at 3 months. The primary outcome will be prolonged grief symptoms at the 3 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms, quality of life, and cognitive behavioral variables (i.e., avoidance, rumination, negative cognitions). Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been received from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (project no. 2021-00770). If the app is shown to be effective, the app will be made publicly accessible on app stores, so that it can benefit other bereaved parents. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT04552717.

scholarly journals Trauma and Mental Health in Resettled Refugees: Mediating Effect of Host Language Acquisition on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzenana Kartal ◽  
Nathan Alkemade ◽  
Litza Kiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between traumatic exposure, host language acquisition and mental health (posttraumatic stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms) in long-term resettled refugees. Participants included a community sample of Bosnian refugees ( N = 138, 55% male, mean age of 40 years old) that had resettled in Australia and Austria on average 18 years prior. Two mediation models were tested based on two competing theories. Model A examined whether language acquisition mediates the relationship between traumatic exposure and mental health problems experienced by refugees. Model B examined whether mental health symptoms mediate the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and the acquisition of host language. Model A fit the data well (CFI = 1.00, SRMR = .017, RMSEA < .001, χ2 p = .526), while Model B was rejected as an acceptable model for the data (CFI = .556, SRMR = .136, RMSEA = .352). In Model A, the indirect pathway from trauma to mental health via language acquisition was significant for PTSD ( β = .067, p = .028) and anxiety symptoms ( β = .063, p = .026) but not depression symptoms ( β = .048, p = .071). Intervention strategies aimed at improving host language acquisition may be important not only in successful adaptation to daily living in the host country, but also to improve the mental health of traumatized refugees.

scholarly journals Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 (PG-13) in a Bereaved Mixed Trauma Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefin Sveen ◽  
Kristina Bondjers ◽  
Julia Heinsoo ◽  
Filip K. Arnberg
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
General Psychological Distress ◽  
Disability Level ◽  
Three Factor

Background: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish PG-13 in a bereaved trauma exposed sample. A second aim was to examine the latent structure of prolonged grief using the PG-13.Methods: The participants were adults (n = 123) taking part in an ongoing longitudinal study regarding the effects of potentially traumatic events. Participants had experienced a potentially traumatic event in the past 5 years and had reported a death of a significant other either as their primary traumatic event or in addition to another traumatic event. Assessment included self-report of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and general psychological distress. Clinical interviews were used to assess depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and disability level. The psychometric properties of the Swedish PG-13 were examined through reliability tests and assessment of associations with symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, general psychological distress, and disability level. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to assess the latent structure.Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.86) and test-retest (r = 0.86) reliability were good. PCA suggested a three-factor model as descriptive of the latent structure of the instrument. Therefore, the CFA used this model, as well as two models suggested in the literature. The three-factor model had the best fit to data. Support of concurrent validity of PG-13 was shown by moderate positive associations with measures of posttraumatic stress, depression, and general psychological distress.Conclusions: The Swedish PG-13 demonstrated good psychometric properties, and its use in research and practice to assess prolonged grief was supported. The factor analyses provided stronger support for models with two or three factors, as compared with a unidimensional model of prolonged grief, with the three-factor model having the best fit.

The Meaning of Bonds: The Relationships Among Grief Rituals, Support From Relatives and Friends, and the Mental Health of Shiduers

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282090965
Author(s):  
Yudi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Jia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Grief Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth Inventory

Previous studies have sporadically explored the effect of various bonds on the mental health of shiduers (i.e., parents who lost their only child). However, research has rarely classified different bonds to systematically describe their effects. This study administered a self-compiled questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the posttraumatic stress disorder Checklist, the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale to 466 shiduers. The commemoration rituals that occur soon after the loss predict a lower level of posttraumatic stress disorder. Similarly, the commemoration rituals that occur on special days predict lower levels of depression and anxiety. In contrast, the continuation of commemoration rituals on ordinary days predicts higher levels of depression and prolonged grief. Support from family members and relatives, other shiduers, and nonshiduer friends are all beneficial to shiduers’ mental health.

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