scholarly journals Macrofaunal modification of porewater advection: role of species function, species interaction, and kinetics

2006 ◽  
Vol 311 ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Waldbusser ◽  
RL Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Species Interaction ◽  
Porewater Advection

scholarly journals The role of soils on pollination and seed dispersal

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1834) ◽  
pp. 20200171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa G. Carvalheiro ◽  
Ignasi Bartomeus ◽  
Orianne Rollin ◽  
Sérgio Timóteo ◽  
Carla Faleiro Tinoco
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Soil Changes

Ongoing environmental changes are affecting physical, chemical and biological soil components. Evidence of impacts of soil changes on pollinators' and seed dispersers' behaviour, fitness and density is scarce, but growing. Here, we reviewed information on such impacts and on a number of mechanisms that may explain its propagation, taking into account the full range of resources required by the large and diverse number of species of these two important functional groups. We show that while there is substantial evidence on the effects of soil nitrogen enrichment and changes in soil water content on the quality and quantity of floral and fruit resources, little is known on the effects of changes of other soil properties (e.g. soil pH, soil structure, other nutrients). Also, the few studies showing correlations between soil changes and pollinator and seed disperser foraging behaviour or fitness do not clearly identify the mechanisms that explain such correlation. Finally, most studies (including those with nitrogen and water) are local and limited to a small number of species, and it remains unclear how variable such effects are across time and geographical regions, and the strength of interactive effects between soil properties. Increasing research on this topic, taking into consideration how impacts propagate through species interaction networks, will provide essential information to predict impacts of ongoing environmental changes and help guide conservation plans that aim to minimize impacts on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

scholarly journals A Symbiotic Virus Facilitates Aphid Adaptation to Host Plants by Suppressing Jasmonic Acid Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lu ◽  
Junjie Zhu ◽  
Jinting Yu ◽  
Xiaofang Chen ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Host Race ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Host Aphid ◽  
Aphid Feeding

Symbiotic viruses exist in many insects; however, their functions in host insects are not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of acyrthosiphon pisum virus (APV) in the interaction of its host aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum with plants. APV is primarily located in aphid salivary glands and gut and propagated in the insect. APV is horizontally transmitted to host plants during aphid feeding, but the virus does not replicate in the host plant. When the pea host race of aphids colonized two low-fitness plants, Medicago truncatula and Vicia villosa, the virus titers in both the aphids and plants significantly increased. Furthermore, APV infection strongly promoted the survival rate of the pea host race on V. villosa. Transcriptomic analysis showed that only 0.85% of aphid genes responded to APV infection when aphids fed on V. villosa, with a fold change in transcript levels of no more than fourfold. The improved survival due to APV infection was apparently related to the inhibitory effect of the virus on levels of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-isoleucine. Our data suggest a benefit of the symbiotic virus to its aphid host and demonstrate a novel case of symbiotic virus-mediated three-species interaction.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PERAN JENIS IKAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA PAKAN DAN RUANG DI WADUK IR. H. DJUANDA, JAWA BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Didik Wahju Hendro Tjahjo ◽  
Sri Endah Purnamaningtyas ◽  
Astri Suryandari
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Fish Stocking ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Available Resources

Waduk lr  H  Djuanda  memounyar  potens! pengembangar  budi daya ikan yang tinggi,  maka pertumbuhan  oudi aaya tersebut berkembang sangat pesat  Perkembangan  yang pesat tersebut sangat berdampak pada penurunan kualitas arr balk untuk kehr dupan dan perkembangan ikan dan organisme  makanannya. Sehingga  sebagran besar jenis ikan asli Sungai Citarum sudah  sangat jarang ditemuKan bahkan beberapa jenis telah punah di perairan ini. Tujuan penelitran adalah untuk mengevaruasi peran dan interaksr amar Jenrs ikan yang tenangkap  dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya pakan dan ruang di Waduk lr. H. Djuanda. Penelitian ini dilakukan setiap bulan pada tahun2006. Pengamatan rni dilakukan dengan metode stratrfikasi dengan enam trtik stasrun pengamatan. Analisis data meliputi kebiasaan makan, tingkat trofik , luas relung, dan interaksi dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya terhadap jenis ikan baik tehadap makanan maupun ruang. Hasrl analisis kebiasaan makan, luas relung, dan interaksi antar jenis ikan menunjukkan bahwa peran sumber daya makanan di perairan  ini sudah cukup lengkap. Sedangkan berdasarkan  pada analisis  pemanfaatan ruang secara  horisontal menunjukkan bahwa  daerah dam  atau  genangan utama  kurang mampu dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa penebaran jenis ikan dalam rangka mengisi relung ekologi yang kosong tidak diperlukan, tetapi penebaran ikan tersebut diperlukan dalam rangka menrngkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya yang tersedra khw?usnya ruang. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya untuk efektivrtas dan efisiensr fJe:-:lanfaatan sumber daya yang tersedia, khususnya di daerah genangan utama, perlu dilakukan penebaran Jenrs rkan yang bersifat pelajis dan pemakan plankton, ya1tu ikan patin (Pangas10nodon hypopthalmus ) dan bandeng (Chanos chanos). lr. H. Djuanda Reservoir has highly potential development for fish culture. and so the growth of the culture expand., very fast. The development might give an impact to the water quality degradation as well as to life or growth of fish and its food organism. So that most of indegeneus species of Citan1m River were found very rare even some species have extincted. The study aims to evaluate role and mteraction between fish soec1es m explol/mg available resources m lr. H. Ojuanda Reservoir. The study was conducted in lr. H. Ojuanda Reservoir in 2006. Those observations were using conducted strarif1ed method at 6 stations. EvaluatiOns were done usmg the analysis of food lwbil.  trophic levels, mc!Je  breadth  and fish species interactiOn. Result of food habit, niche breadth,  and fish species interaction md1cated tl1at role of f1sh in exploiting food resources m this water were sufficient. While pursuant to analysis of exploiting of space in horizontal indicated /halt he dam area or main inundation was not exploited  optimaly. It means that the fish stocking for the agenda of filling the empty ecology niche not needed, but the fish stocking is still needed for the agenda of improvmg effectiveness and efficiency in exploiting the available resources, specially the utilization of maximum space. Therefore, in the effort of effectiveness and efficiency of exploiting to the available resources, especially in the main inundation, would be needed to do fishes stockings which have the character of pelagic and planktivores, such as Siam catfish (Pangasionodon hypopthalmus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos).

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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