Metabolic performance and survival of medusae in estuarine hypoxia

2005 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Rutherford ◽  
EV Thuesen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Performance

scholarly journals Searching for signatures of positive selection in cytochrome b gene associated with subterranean lifestyle in fast-evolving arvicolines (Arvicolinae, Cricetidae, Rodentia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Bondareva ◽  
Nadezhda A. Potapova ◽  
Kirill A. Konovalov ◽  
Tatyana V. Petrova ◽  
Natalia I. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Variation ◽  
Tertiary Protein Structure ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subterranean Species

Abstract Background Mitochondrial genes encode proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Variations in lifestyle and ecological niche can be directly reflected in metabolic performance. Subterranean rodents represent a good model for testing hypotheses on adaptive evolution driven by important ecological shifts. Voles and lemmings of the subfamily Arvicolinae (Rodentia: Cricetidae) provide a good example for studies of adaptive radiation. This is the youngest group within the order Rodentia showing the fastest rates of diversification, including the transition to the subterranean lifestyle in several phylogenetically independent lineages. Results We evaluated the signatures of selection in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytB) gene in 62 Arvicolinae species characterized by either subterranean or surface-dwelling lifestyle by assessing amino acid sequence variation, exploring the functional consequences of the observed variation in the tertiary protein structure, and estimating selection pressure. Our analysis revealed that: (1) three of the convergent amino acid substitutions were found among phylogenetically distant subterranean species and (2) these substitutions may have an influence on the protein complex structure, (3) cytB showed an increased ω and evidence of relaxed selection in subterranean lineages, relative to non-subterranean, and (4) eight protein domains possess increased nonsynonymous substitutions ratio in subterranean species. Conclusions Our study provides insights into the adaptive evolution of the cytochrome b gene in the Arvicolinae subfamily and its potential implications in the molecular mechanism of adaptation. We present a framework for future characterizations of the impact of specific mutations on the function, physiology, and interactions of the mtDNA-encoded proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation.

Productive, nutritional, and metabolic performance of Chino Santandereano cattle receiving different degrees of protein-energy supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Esteban Contreras Marquez ◽  
Emiro Rafael Canchila Asensio ◽  
Edwin Davier Correa Rojas ◽  
Candido José Ramírez Villareal ◽  
Yeisson Yesid Robles Yaruro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Metabolic Performance

scholarly journals CD73 and AMPD3 deficiency enhance metabolic performance via erythrocyte ATP that decreases hemoglobin oxygen affinity

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. O’Brien III ◽  
Vladimir Berka ◽  
Ah-Lim Tsai ◽  
Zhaoyang Zhao ◽  
Cheng Chi Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Metabolic Performance

Metabolic performance and thermal preference of Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi and non-native trout across an ecologically relevant range of temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille J. Macnaughton ◽  
Travis C. Durhack ◽  
Neil J. Mochnacz ◽  
Eva C. Enders
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Performance Curve ◽  
Westslope Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarkii ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Performance

The physiology and behaviour of fish are strongly affected by ambient water temperature. Physiological traits related to metabolism, such as aerobic scope (AS), can be measured across temperature gradients and the resulting performance curve reflects the thermal niche that fish can occupy. We measured AS of Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 22°C and compared temperature preference (Tpref) of the species to non-native Brook Trout, Brown Trout, and Rainbow Trout. Intermittent-flow respirometry experiments demonstrated that metabolic performance of Westslope Cutthroat Trout was optimal at ~15 °C and decreased substantially beyond this temperature, until lethal temperatures at ~25 °C. Adjusted preferred temperatures across species (Tpref) were comparatively high, ranging from 17.8-19.9 °C, with the highest Tpref observed for Westslope Cutthroat Trout. Results suggest that although Westslope Cutthroat Trout is considered a cold-water species, they do not prefer or perform as well in cold water (≤ 10°C), thus, can occupy a warmer thermal niche than previously thought. The metabolic performance curve (AS) can be used to develop species‐specific thermal criteria to delineate important thermal habitats and guide conservation and recovery actions for Westslope Cutthroat Trout.

scholarly journals CO2-driven decrease in pH disrupts olfactory behaviour and increases individual variation in deep-sea hermit crabs

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Won Kim ◽  
Josi Taylor ◽  
Chris Lovera ◽  
James P. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
Olfactory Behaviour

Abstract Deep-sea species are generally thought to be less tolerant of environmental variation than shallow-living species due to the relatively stable conditions in deep waters for most parameters (e.g. temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH). To explore the potential for deep-sea hermit crabs (Pagurus tanneri) to acclimate to future ocean acidification, we compared their olfactory and metabolic performance under ambient (pH ∼7.6) and expected future (pH ∼7.1) conditions. After exposure to reduced pH waters, metabolic rates of hermit crabs increased transiently and olfactory behaviour was impaired, including antennular flicking and prey detection. Crabs exposed to low pH treatments exhibited higher individual variation for both the speed of antennular flicking and speed of prey detection, than observed in the control pH treatment, suggesting that phenotypic diversity could promote adaptation to future ocean acidification.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Nutrient with the Chemical Fertilizer of Super Swing and Whey in some Growth Parameters and Concentration of Certain Nutrients of Transplants of Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 282-290
Author(s):  
Nada A. El-Qatrani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Metabolic Performance

This study was carried out in the nursery of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during 2018 growing season. Completely randomized blocks design (C.R.B.D.)  was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of super swing (0, 0.5 and 1) g.l-1 and whey (0, 50 and 75) % and their interactions to enhance the growth parameters and chemical characteristics of Sour orange transplants. The results showed a significant increase in most of the measured growth parameters of transplants treated with high concentration of foliar spraying to both fertilizers. Application of super swing at 1 g.l-1 with whey at 75% together significantly increased the height of plant, the number of leaves, leaf area, the diameter of stem, number of flowers, the leaves content of both nitrogen and potassium, percentage of dry matter, and content of chlorophyll. Whereas, control treatment was significantly increased the water content compared to other treatments. Addition of growth-enhancing compounds such as super swing and whey extract to the plant can improve the metabolic performance and enhances the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.

scholarly journals Increased Thermal Sensitivity of a Tropical Marine Gastropod Under Combined CO2 and Temperature Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay J. Minuti ◽  
Charlee A. Corra ◽  
Brian S. Helmuth ◽  
Bayden D. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolic Plasticity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
Maximum Metabolic Rate

The ability of an organism to alter its physiology in response to environmental conditions offers a short-term defense mechanism in the face of weather extremes resulting from climate change. These often manifest as multiple, interacting drivers, especially pH and temperature. In particular, decreased pH can impose constraints on the biological mechanisms which define thermal limits by throwing off energetic equilibrium and diminishing physiological functions (e.g., in many marine ectotherms). For many species, however, we do not have a detailed understanding of these interactive effects, especially on short-term acclimation responses. Here, we investigated the metabolic plasticity of a tropical subtidal gastropod (Trochus maculatus) to increased levels of CO2 (700 ppm) and heating (+3°C), measuring metabolic performance (Q10 coefficient) and thermal sensitivity [temperature of maximum metabolic rate (TMMR), and upper lethal temperature (ULT)]. Individuals demonstrated metabolic acclimation in response to the stressors, with TMMR increasing by +4.1°C under higher temperatures, +2.7°C under elevated CO2, and +4.4°C under the combined stressors. In contrast, the ULT only increased marginally in response to heating (+0.3°C), but decreased by −2.3°C under CO2, and −8.7°C under combined stressors. Therefore, although phenotypic plasticity is evident with metabolic acclimation, acute lethal temperature limits seem to be less flexible during short-term acclimation.

scholarly journals Use of oil-rich diet for gaited horses during physical training

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
HŽélio Cordeiro Manso Filho ◽  
Monica Miranda Hunka ◽  
Luzilene Araœjo de Souza ◽  
Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa Cordeiro Manso
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
Gaited Horses

In Brazil, gaited horses are selected based on field tests, during which they move at speeds of 3 to 4 m/s for 30 to 60 min. To cover their nutrient requirements, feed manufacturers have developed oil-rich dietary supplements and concentrates. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of increasing the density of dietary fats in the feed of 16 Campolina horses undergoing intense gaited training. The training schedule consisted of training 4 × a week: 3 days riding for 60 min (10' warm-up, 40' doing marcha gait, and 10' cool down, and 1 day walking for 90'). The horses were divided in two groups: control and supplemented. The dietary supplementation was isocaloric, with the control group receiving an ordinary concentrate (3.5% fat) and the supplemented group fed 1.0 kg of the supplement (18% fat) plus the ordinary concentrate. Both groups had free access to fresh grass, salt and water. Blood samples were collected prior to and after 4 and 8 weeks of supplementation to calculate the complete blood count, glucose, total protein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The results were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). The supplemented group showed elevated levels of NEFA, red blood cells and haematocrit (P < 0.05), while the control group showed high triglyceride concentrations; both groups showed reduced plasma protein concentrations (P < 0.05). The other indices did not change (P > 0.05). The increase in dietary fat intake increased the blood lipid biomarkers and antioxidant capacity of gaited horses during intense training, possibly contributing to improve their metabolic performance.

Altered Ca2+ handling and myofilament desensitization underlie cardiomyocyte performance in normothermic and hyperthermic heat-acclimated rat hearts

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Cohen ◽  
Hifa Kanana ◽  
Ronen Zoizner ◽  
Chaya Gross ◽  
Uri Meiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Negative Inotropic Response ◽  
Beating Frequency

Heat acclimation (AC) improves cardiac mechanical and metabolic performance. Using cardiomyocytes and isolated hearts from 30-day and 2-day acclimated rats (AC and AC-2d, 34°C), we characterized cellular contractile mechanisms under normothermic (37°C) and hyperthermic (39–42°C) conditions. To determine contractile responses, Ca2+ transients (Ca2+ T), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ pool size (fura-2/indo-1 fluorescence), force generation [amplitude systolic motion (ASM)], L-type Ca2+ channels [dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR)], ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and total (PLBt) and phosphorylated phospholamban [serine phosphorylated (PLBs) and theonine phosphorylated (PLBtr)] proteins and transcripts were measured (Western blot, RT-PCR). Cardiac mechanical performance was measured using a Langendorff system. We demonstrated that AC and AC-2d increased Ca2+ T amplitude (148% and 147%, respectively) and twitch force (180% and 130%, respectively) and desensitized myofilaments, as indicated by a rightward shift in the ASM-Ca2+ relationships, despite no change in SR Ca2+ pool size. Hence, generation of higher Ca2+ T underlies greater force development in AC and AC-2d myocytes. In isolated hearts, ryanodine administration eliminated differences between AC and control (C) hearts, implying an important role for RyRs in that acclimation phase. Increased expression of DHPR and RyRs, and decreased PLBs/PLBt in AC hearts only, suggest that different pathways increase force generation in the AC-2d vs. AC myocytes. At basal beating rates, hyperthermia (39–41°C) enhanced pressure generation in AC hearts. C hearts failed to restitute pressure beyond 39°C. Increased beating frequency produced negative inotropic response. In C cardiomyocytes, hyperthermia elevated basal cytosolic Ca2+ and tension, Ca2+ T, and ASM. AC myocytes enhanced Ca2+ T but showed myofilament desensitization, suggesting its involvement in cardiac protection against hyperthermia. Collectively, both Ca2+ turnover and myofilament responsiveness are important adaptive acclimatory targets during normothermic and hyperthermic conditions.

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