Reply to Comment on Grahl-Nielsen et al. (2003): sampling, data treatment and predictions in investigations on fatty acids in marine mammals

2004 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Grahl-Nielsen ◽  
M Andersen ◽  
AE Derocher ◽  
C Lydersen ◽  
Ø Wiig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Data Treatment

COMPONENT FATTY ACIDS OF THE MILK OF THE GREY (ATLANTIC) SEAL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2501-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
R. D. Burgher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Empirical Correction ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Ionization Detectors ◽  
Correction System

A gas–liquid chromatographic examination of the component fatty acids of the milk of the grey (Atlantic) seal confirms previous findings that in general composition the milk fats of marine mammals resemble the depot fat. An empirical correction system is suggested for argon ionization detectors.

Stratification, Composition, and Function of Marine Mammal Blubber: The Ecology of Fatty Acids in Marine Mammals

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Strandberg ◽  
Anne Käkelä ◽  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Kit M. Kovacs ◽  
Otto Grahl‐Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
And Function

Fatty acid signatures and classification trees: new tools for investigating the foraging ecology of seals

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Smith ◽  
Sara J Iverson ◽  
W D Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Classification Trees ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Lactation Stage

Analysis of the fatty acid composition of milk lipids in marine mammals offers a potential means of determining changes in diet and lactation stage. However, the large number of fatty acids routinely identified (over 60) relative to the number of animals usually sampled can limit the usefulness of standard multivariate statistical models for characterizing these patterns. Classification trees or tree-based models, which are not limited by the number of variables, were used here to study the fatty acid patterns in the milk of female harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) at parturition and during lactation. Tree analyses correctly classified 44 of 51 seals based on milk fatty acid composition to four stages of lactation, which corresponded to states of fasting versus increasingly intensive feeding. The fatty acid 16:2n-6 was quite effective in differentiating between seals at parturition and those 4 days or more later. Seals were grouped into early and late lactation by fatty acid 24:1n-9. A comparison between classification rules derived from classification trees and discriminant analysis showed that each gave similar rates of misclassification but that the latter required a method for the a priori choice of which fatty acids to analyze.

COMPONENT FATTY ACIDS OF THE MILK OF THE GREY (ATLANTIC) SEAL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2501-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
R. D. Burgher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Empirical Correction ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Ionization Detectors ◽  
Correction System

A gas–liquid chromatographic examination of the component fatty acids of the milk of the grey (Atlantic) seal confirms previous findings that in general composition the milk fats of marine mammals resemble the depot fat. An empirical correction system is suggested for argon ionization detectors.

Actual ratios of triacylglycerol positional isomers consisting of saturated and highly unsaturated fatty acids in fishes and marine mammals

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Gotoh ◽  
Yumiko Matsumoto ◽  
Toshiharu Nagai ◽  
Hoyo Mizobe ◽  
Ikuko Otake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Definitive identification of fatty acid constituents in marine mammal tissues

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Wetzel ◽  
J E Reynolds III
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bowhead Whale ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Novel Approach

Analyses of fatty acid constituents in a sample of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) blubber were conducted using a method that has not been applied before to studies of lipids in marine mammals. It involves creation and analysis of nitrogen (picolinyl) ester derivatives of the fatty acids followed by combined gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for verification of structures. Use of this approach allowed the structural confirmation of 45 different fatty acids in the blubber sample. The traditional method of methyl ester derivatization of fatty acids followed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry analyses provides more component characterization than analyses by gas chromatography – flame ionization detection, but not enough to effectively differentiate double bond isomers or branched compounds. Although the novel approach is time intensive, we recommend that it be employed for studies where the precise identification and confirmation of fatty acids is important.

Metabolism of fatty acids in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Bryden ◽  
G. B. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Southern Elephant Seal ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mirounga Leonina ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids ◽  
Long Chain

In general, the composition of the blubber of the southern elephant seal, determined by gas–liquid chromatography, is similar to that of other marine mammals. In this regard, the present work disagrees with an earlier study made on an individual of this species. The marked disappearance of the long-chain polyunsaturated acids in both the nursing cow and fasting pup suggests catabolism of these acids during nonfeeding periods. Support is given here for the contention that some fatty acids are transferred intact from the depot fat of the seal cow to her pup via the milk.

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