scholarly journals Pelagic larval growth rate impacts benthic settlement and survival of a temperate reef fish

2002 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Shima ◽  
AM Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

scholarly journals Pelagic larval growth rate impacts benthic settlement and survival of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
A Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Kelp Bass ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Santa Catalina Island

Larvae of marine reef organisms settling into benthic habitats may vary greatly in individual quality. We evaluated potential effects of variation in larval growth rate (1 metric of quality) on larval duration, size-at-settlement, and post-settlement survival of recently settled kelp bass Paralabrax clathratus. We sampled kelp bass daily and weekly from standardized collectors located near the Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, Santa Catalina Island, to characterize larval traits of settlers and surviving recruits. Using growth models to fit trajectories of larval otolith growth, we estimated instantaneous larval growth rates and found that these values were good predictors of larval duration and juvenile survival. Kelp bass that grew rapidly as larvae settled ∼8.5 d sooner than the slowest growing individuals; both groups had similar sized individuals at settlement, but fast growing larvae experienced enhanced survival during the first 5 d after settlement relative to slower growing larvae. There is growing evidence suggesting that larval experience continues to exert demographic consequences on subsequent life stages. This helps to explain some of the spatial and temporal variability that characterizes recruitment in marine systems.

scholarly journals Pelagic larval growth rate impacts benthic settlement and survival of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
A Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Kelp Bass ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Santa Catalina Island

Larvae of marine reef organisms settling into benthic habitats may vary greatly in individual quality. We evaluated potential effects of variation in larval growth rate (1 metric of quality) on larval duration, size-at-settlement, and post-settlement survival of recently settled kelp bass Paralabrax clathratus. We sampled kelp bass daily and weekly from standardized collectors located near the Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, Santa Catalina Island, to characterize larval traits of settlers and surviving recruits. Using growth models to fit trajectories of larval otolith growth, we estimated instantaneous larval growth rates and found that these values were good predictors of larval duration and juvenile survival. Kelp bass that grew rapidly as larvae settled ∼8.5 d sooner than the slowest growing individuals; both groups had similar sized individuals at settlement, but fast growing larvae experienced enhanced survival during the first 5 d after settlement relative to slower growing larvae. There is growing evidence suggesting that larval experience continues to exert demographic consequences on subsequent life stages. This helps to explain some of the spatial and temporal variability that characterizes recruitment in marine systems.

scholarly journals Environmental and Life-history Factors Influencing  Juvenile Demography of a Temperate Reef Fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Clare Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Habitat Composition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Larval Traits

<p>Realistic population models and effective conservation strategies require a thorough understanding of the processes that drive variation in individual growth and survival, particularly within life stages that are subject to high mortality. For fragmented marine populations it is also important to consider how processes driving variation performance may vary through space and time. In this study I assess the interaction of two primary factors driving juvenile demography: benthic habitat composition and larval history traits, in a temperate reef fish, Forsterygion lapillum (the common triplefin). It is well understood that juveniles of many marine organisms are closely associated with structured nearshore habitats as they provide resources (refuge and food sources) that are critical for juvenile growth and/or survival. Nursery habitats are often assessed using measures of fitness of juveniles inhabiting them (e.g. rates of growth). However individual fitness measures may not only be indicative of conditions experienced in the benthic phase, but also an individual's prior history. Recent evidence suggests that variation in larval traits at settlement (e.g., size and age at settlement, larval growth rate) can impact on subsequent ecological performance (e.g., feeding ability and/or predator avoidance) and therefore influence subsequent fitness (i.e. rates of growth and/or probabilities of survival). I used otolith microstructure to assess separate and joint effects of habitat composition and larval traits on the growth of young F. lapillum. Both macroalgal composition of habitat patches and larval traits affected juvenile growth rates, and results suggested that habitat composition may have the potential to mediate fitness-related advantages that may accrue to certain individuals as a result of paternal effects and/or larval dispersal history. Quantifying spatio-temporal variability in the post-settlement fitness of Individuals with that differ in larval traits is essential for effective spatial management of marine populations. I further explore the joint effects of macroalgal composition and larval traits, within the context of additional spatial and temporal environmental variation. Results provide direct evidence that habitat can mediate the strength of carryover effects, but that the impact of habitat was variable between local populations and settlement events through time. In chapter 4 of my thesis, I focus on how small-scale variation in macroalgal composition within a nursery habitat (while controlling for individual variation) can affect the strength of density dependent growth and survival rates of F. lapillum. Density-dependent survival is evident during the first 30 days after settlement, and the strength of density dependence varied as a function of macroalgal composition. Resulting variation in estimates of nursery value (i.e., the number of late-stage juveniles produced per area unit of habitat) highlight the importance of incorporating local scale variation in juvenile demography into assessments of nursery habitat. Lastly, I assess a potential strategy of fishes to persist in a wide range of benthic environments. The ability to adjust traits (i.e., phenotypic plasticity) may allow organisms that encounter a range of unpredictable environmental conditions to maximise fitness within a single generation. In chapter 5 I explore patterns of variation in morphology of juvenile F. lapillum from two different subpopulations and from different macroalgal habitats. I evaluate possible evidence for constraints on morphological variation arising from variation in growth rate prior to and following settlement. Results suggest that for organisms with complex life cycles, variation in growth rates experienced during dispersal may constrain plasticity in later stages.</p>

scholarly journals Environmental and Life-history Factors Influencing  Juvenile Demography of a Temperate Reef Fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Clare Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Habitat Composition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Larval Traits

<p>Realistic population models and effective conservation strategies require a thorough understanding of the processes that drive variation in individual growth and survival, particularly within life stages that are subject to high mortality. For fragmented marine populations it is also important to consider how processes driving variation performance may vary through space and time. In this study I assess the interaction of two primary factors driving juvenile demography: benthic habitat composition and larval history traits, in a temperate reef fish, Forsterygion lapillum (the common triplefin). It is well understood that juveniles of many marine organisms are closely associated with structured nearshore habitats as they provide resources (refuge and food sources) that are critical for juvenile growth and/or survival. Nursery habitats are often assessed using measures of fitness of juveniles inhabiting them (e.g. rates of growth). However individual fitness measures may not only be indicative of conditions experienced in the benthic phase, but also an individual's prior history. Recent evidence suggests that variation in larval traits at settlement (e.g., size and age at settlement, larval growth rate) can impact on subsequent ecological performance (e.g., feeding ability and/or predator avoidance) and therefore influence subsequent fitness (i.e. rates of growth and/or probabilities of survival). I used otolith microstructure to assess separate and joint effects of habitat composition and larval traits on the growth of young F. lapillum. Both macroalgal composition of habitat patches and larval traits affected juvenile growth rates, and results suggested that habitat composition may have the potential to mediate fitness-related advantages that may accrue to certain individuals as a result of paternal effects and/or larval dispersal history. Quantifying spatio-temporal variability in the post-settlement fitness of Individuals with that differ in larval traits is essential for effective spatial management of marine populations. I further explore the joint effects of macroalgal composition and larval traits, within the context of additional spatial and temporal environmental variation. Results provide direct evidence that habitat can mediate the strength of carryover effects, but that the impact of habitat was variable between local populations and settlement events through time. In chapter 4 of my thesis, I focus on how small-scale variation in macroalgal composition within a nursery habitat (while controlling for individual variation) can affect the strength of density dependent growth and survival rates of F. lapillum. Density-dependent survival is evident during the first 30 days after settlement, and the strength of density dependence varied as a function of macroalgal composition. Resulting variation in estimates of nursery value (i.e., the number of late-stage juveniles produced per area unit of habitat) highlight the importance of incorporating local scale variation in juvenile demography into assessments of nursery habitat. Lastly, I assess a potential strategy of fishes to persist in a wide range of benthic environments. The ability to adjust traits (i.e., phenotypic plasticity) may allow organisms that encounter a range of unpredictable environmental conditions to maximise fitness within a single generation. In chapter 5 I explore patterns of variation in morphology of juvenile F. lapillum from two different subpopulations and from different macroalgal habitats. I evaluate possible evidence for constraints on morphological variation arising from variation in growth rate prior to and following settlement. Results suggest that for organisms with complex life cycles, variation in growth rates experienced during dispersal may constrain plasticity in later stages.</p>

scholarly journals Spatially variable larval histories may shape recruitment rates of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
S Swearer
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Larval Condition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

Several long-standing hypotheses purport variation in recruitment to be positively correlated with pelagic environmental conditions that enhance larval growth, survival, and/or delivery to recruitment sites. However, the relationship between recruitment intensity and larval environmental conditions (or more directly, larval condition) is difficult to evaluate and poorly known for most species. We evaluate this relationship for the reef fish Forsterygion lapillum that commonly inhabits rocky reefs throughout New Zealand. We quantified variation in recruitment of F. lapillum using a nested sampling design, and found that the largest source of variation was between 2 nearby regions (a semi-enclosed harbour and an adjacent open coast system). We estimated 'settler condition' as the composite of residual body mass and 2 measurements of larval growth (reconstructed from otolith microstructure) and found that recruitment intensity was positively correlated with settler condition for sites within the harbour, but negatively correlated with settler condition for sites on the open coast. Mean pelagic larval duration of recruits to the harbour was ̃3 d shorter than recruits to the open coast. These results suggest that larval experience and relationships between recruitment and settler condition are spatially variable. We speculate that (1) larval retention within a productive embayment facilitates a positive relationship between recruitment and settler condition while (2) dispersal through a less productive environment drives a negative relationship for replenishment on the open coast. These putative differences may have important implications for patterns of recruitment, the strength of post-settlement density-dependent interactions, and dynamics of local populations.

scholarly journals Spatially variable larval histories may shape recruitment rates of a temperate reef fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Shima ◽  
S Swearer
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Larval Condition ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

Several long-standing hypotheses purport variation in recruitment to be positively correlated with pelagic environmental conditions that enhance larval growth, survival, and/or delivery to recruitment sites. However, the relationship between recruitment intensity and larval environmental conditions (or more directly, larval condition) is difficult to evaluate and poorly known for most species. We evaluate this relationship for the reef fish Forsterygion lapillum that commonly inhabits rocky reefs throughout New Zealand. We quantified variation in recruitment of F. lapillum using a nested sampling design, and found that the largest source of variation was between 2 nearby regions (a semi-enclosed harbour and an adjacent open coast system). We estimated 'settler condition' as the composite of residual body mass and 2 measurements of larval growth (reconstructed from otolith microstructure) and found that recruitment intensity was positively correlated with settler condition for sites within the harbour, but negatively correlated with settler condition for sites on the open coast. Mean pelagic larval duration of recruits to the harbour was ̃3 d shorter than recruits to the open coast. These results suggest that larval experience and relationships between recruitment and settler condition are spatially variable. We speculate that (1) larval retention within a productive embayment facilitates a positive relationship between recruitment and settler condition while (2) dispersal through a less productive environment drives a negative relationship for replenishment on the open coast. These putative differences may have important implications for patterns of recruitment, the strength of post-settlement density-dependent interactions, and dynamics of local populations.

Larval growth, size, stage duration and recruitment success of a temperate reef fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fontes ◽  
Ricardo S. Santos ◽  
Pedro Afonso ◽  
Jennifer E. Caselle
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Stage Duration ◽  
Recruitment Success ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

Do Otoliths record changes in somatic growth rate? Conflicting evidence form a laboratory and field study of a temperate Reef Fish, Parika scaber

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Milicich ◽  
JH Choat
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Somatic Growth Rate ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish

Otolith increment widths in a temperate reef fish, Parika scaber (Pisces:Monacanthidae), have been shown to vary in different months and to correlate with changes in somatic growth rate. This results in the persistence of a constant otolith-size/fish-size relationship. In the present study, the response of otolith growth to laboratory-induced changes in body growth was determined over a 10-day period in December 1985. Juveniles were subjected to two ranges of temperature (19-21�C and 24-26�C) and three feeding levels (fully fed, partially fed, and starved) of a diet consisting of larvae of Opifex fuscus, an endemic mosquito. Fish were individually tagged to ensure that changes in growth rate and any associated changes in otolith microstructure could be accurately determined for any individual. Fully fed fish grew more slowly during treatment than they did prior to treatment, and starved fish did not grow at all. Partially fed fish exhibited a size-hierarchy effect, with larger fish increasing in body size at the expense of smaller individuals. No temperature effect on growth rate was recorded. In contrast to the results from an associated field study, otoliths of fully fed fish continued to increase at the same daily width despite the induced alteration in growth rate. Thus, otoliths were disproportionately large compared with estimates from the field. However, otoliths of starved fish were not as large as predicted from a continual production of daily rings at a constant width. Daily ring deposition may have ceased at different times during the experiment for the starved fish, depending on body size. Alternatively, deposition may have continued, but at a spacing that was not detectable by light microscopy. We conclude that adequate validation of response of otolith growth to changes in somatic growth is necessary before individual growth histories can be back-calculated. This is true even where strong evidence from the field suggests that back-calculation is possible.

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