scholarly journals Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica and common guillemot Uria aalge chick diet and growth as indicators of fish stocks in the Barents Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Common Guillemot ◽  
Fratercula Arctica ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Atlantic Puffin ◽  
Chick Diet

The diets of common and Brünnich's guillemots Uria aalge and U. lomvia in the Barents Sea region

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Barrett ◽  
Vidar Bakken ◽  
Juri V. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
The Barents Sea

scholarly journals Comparison of the biophysical and trophic characteristics of the Bering and Barents Seas

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Hunt ◽  
Bernard A. Megrey
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Walleye Pollock ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Eastern Bering Sea ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
Bottom Waters

Abstract The eastern Bering Sea and the Barents Sea share a number of common biophysical characteristics. For example, both are seasonally ice-covered, high-latitude, shelf seas, dependent on advection for heat and for replenishment of nutrients on their shelves, and with ecosystems dominated by a single species of gadoid fish. At the same time, they differ in important respects. In the Barents Sea, advection of Atlantic Water is important for zooplankton vital to the Barents Sea productivity. Advection of zooplankton is not as important for the ecosystems of the southeastern Bering Sea, where high levels of diatom production can support production of small, neritic zooplankton. In the Barents Sea, cod are the dominant gadoid, and juvenile and older fish depend on capelin and other forage fish to repackage the energy available in copepods. In contrast, the dominant fish in the eastern Bering Sea is the walleye pollock, juveniles and adults of which consume zooplankton directly. The southeastern Bering Sea supports considerably larger fish stocks than the Barents. In part, this may reflect the greater depth of much of the Barents Sea compared with the shallow shelf of the southeastern Bering. However, walleye pollock is estimated to occupy a trophic level of 3.3 as compared to 4.3 for Barents Sea cod. This difference alone could have a major impact on the abilities of these seas to support a large biomass of gadoids. In both seas, climate-forced variability in advection and sea-ice cover can potentially have major effects on the productivity of these Subarctic seas. In the Bering Sea, the size and location of pools of cold bottom waters on the shelf may influence the likelihood of predation of juvenile pollock.

Energy Metabolism in the Locomotor Muscles of the Common Murre (Uria aalge) and the Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica)

The Auk ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benjamin Davis ◽  
Helga Guderley
Keyword(s):  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Common Murre ◽  
Fratercula Arctica ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Atlantic Puffin

Abstract To compare the metabolic systems that support the combination of flying and diving with those used to support burst flying and sustained flying, myoglobin concentrations and maximum enzyme activities were determined for selected enzymes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and amino acid metabolism in the pectoral, supracoracoideus, and sartorius muscles of the Common Murre (Uria aalge), Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica), Rock Dove (Columba livia; hereafter "pigeon"), and Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Glycolytic enzyme levels in the flight muscles were lower in the murre and the puffin than in the pheasant, while both glycolytic and Krebs-cycle enzyme levels resembled those in the pigeon. We believe puffins and murres do not rely extensively on anaerobic glycolysis during diving. In concordance with a role in oxygen storage for diving, the levels of myoglobin in the flight muscles of murres and puffins were higher than those in pigeons or pheasants. They were lower than published values for penguins, however. In contrast to the trends for pigeon and pheasant muscles, the alcid sartorius muscles had a considerably lower aerobic orientation than the flight muscles.

The combined effect of transport and temperature on distribution and growth of larvae and pelagic juveniles of Arcto-Norwegian cod

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Vikebø ◽  
Svein Sundby ◽  
Bjørn Ådlandsvik ◽  
Øyvind Fiksen
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Pelagic Juveniles ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Abstract Temperature has been identified in field studies as the physical parameter most influential on growth and recruitment of Arcto-Norwegian cod. However, it has been pointed out by many authors that temperature in this context has not only direct effects on the cod, but also indirect effects through lower trophic levels. Moreover, it has been said that temperature might also be a proxy for other climatic parameters. The present paper analyses the direct quantitative effects of temperature on larval and pelagic juvenile growth from spawning in Lofoten until the 0-group fish settle in the Barents Sea. The approach taken is that of a modelling study, supported by analysis of existing data on fish stocks and climate. It is shown that transport and temperature alone can reproduce key features of the 0-group weight distribution and concentration in the Barents Sea for two consecutive years. The extent of the dispersion of the larvae and pelagic juveniles, as well as the ambient temperature they experience on their route, are shown to depend upon their depth in the water column and, to a lesser degree, the time of spawning.

The Barents Sea Loophole Agreement: A "Coastal State" Solution to a Straddling Stock Problem

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin R Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
State Solution ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Coastal State ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Unregulated Fishing ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
High Seas

AbstractIn May 1999 Iceland, Norway and Russia signed an agreement (the "Loophole Agreement") designed to resolve a six-year dispute over unregulated fishing by Icelandic vessels for straddling stocks in an enclave ("the Loophole") of high seas in the central Barents Sea. The Agreement, which gives Iceland fishing rights in the Norwegian and Russian EEZs in return for ceasing fishing in the Loophole, is an example of direct co-operation between coastal and high seas fishing states over the management of straddling fish stocks on the high seas which the 1995 UN Agreement on the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks envisages as a possible alternative to management through a regional fisheries organisation. The article explains why the parties have chosen this model rather than utilising the existing regional fisheries organisation or establishing a new regional fisheries arrangement; and compares the Loophole Agreement with arrangements for some other high seas enclaves.

scholarly journals Integrating spatial and temporal mortality from herring on capelin larvae: a study in the Barents Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2183-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Pedersen ◽  
T. Pedersen ◽  
K. S. Tande ◽  
D. Slagstad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Fish ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Abstract Pedersen, O. P., Pedersen, T., Tande, K. S., and Slagstad, D. 2009. Integrating spatial and temporal mortality from herring on capelin larvae: a study in the Barents Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2183–2194. Barents Sea herring and capelin are commercially very important fish stocks. We investigate the spatial and temporal mortality rate of capelin larvae in 2001 as a function of herring predation. Our methods are based on Lagrangian modelling, field surveys, and experimental data. The impact of juvenile herring predation on capelin recruitment is corroborated, in particular the importance of the integrated spatio-temporal overlap between the two stocks. Capelin larvae were reduced to 20–50% in two weeks in accordance with different simulation scenarios. Hamre advanced a hypothesis in 1994 that juvenile herring are important predators of capelin larvae and a main cause of poor capelin recruitment in years when herring are very abundant in the Barents Sea. This hypothesis is supported through the results of this work.

The diets of common and Br�nnich's guillemots Uria aalge and U. lomvia in the Barents Sea region

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT T. BARRETT ◽  
VIDAR BAKKEN ◽  
JURI V. KRASNOV
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
The Barents Sea

Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) chick diet and reproductive performance at colonies with high and low capelin (Mallotus villosus) abundance

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1598-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna M Baillie ◽  
Ian L Jones
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Fratercula Arctica ◽  
Nestling Diet ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Adult Mass ◽  
Atlantic Puffin ◽  
Chick Diet

We compared nestling diet and growth, breeding phenology, breeding success, and adult mass of Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica) between two seabird colonies adjacent to ocean habitat with presumed high and low capelin (Mallotus villosus) abundance in 1996–1998. We hypothesized that puffins at their colony at Gannet Islands, Labrador, where capelin were scarce, would exhibit lower reproductive performance than at Gull Island, Witless Bay, where capelin were abundant. Historically, capelin comprised approximately 60%–95% of the chick diet biomass at both colonies. In the late 1990s, puffin chicks at the Gannet Islands received 3%–24% capelin (by mass), which was 39%–97% less than was received at Gull Island. Postlarval sandlance (Ammodytes sp.) comprised up to 49% (by mass) of the chick diet at the Gannet Islands. Hatching success and fledge success estimates at the Gannet Islands in 1997–1998 were statistically similar to those at Gull Island in 1998. Fledge mass (expressed as percentage of adult mass) was similar between Gannet Islands (69%) and Gull Island (68%). The high interyear variability in chick diet at both colonies and the low variation in breeding performance during our study suggest that Atlantic Puffins in Labrador are resilient to large-scale prey-base changes.

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