scholarly journals Biological response to iron fertilization in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IronEx II). II. Mesozooplankton abundance, biomass, depth distribution and grazing

2000 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Rollwagen Bollens ◽  
MR Landry
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Iron Fertilization ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Millennial-scale iron fertilization of the eastern equatorial Pacific over the past 100,000 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Loveley ◽  
Franco Marcantonio ◽  
Marilyn M. Wisler ◽  
Jennifer E. Hertzberg ◽  
Matthew W. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iron Fertilization ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Millennial Scale

scholarly journals Efficiency of small scale carbon mitigation by patch iron fertilization

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 10381-10446 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Sarmiento ◽  
R. D. Slater ◽  
J. Dunne ◽  
A. Gnanadesikan ◽  
M. R. Hiscock
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
The North ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Iron Fertilization

Abstract. While nutrient depletion scenarios have long shown that the high-latitude High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) regions are the most effective for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide, recent simulations with prognostic biogeochemical models have suggested that only a fraction of the potential drawdown can be realized. We use a global ocean biogeochemical general circulation model developed at GFDL and Princeton to examine this and related issues. We fertilize two patches in the North and Equatorial Pacific, and two additional patches in the Southern Ocean HNLC region north of the biogeochemical divide and in the Ross Sea south of the biogeochemical divide. We obtain by far the greatest response to iron fertilization at the Ross Sea site. Here the CO2 remains sequestered on century time-scales and the efficiency of fertilization remains almost constant no matter how frequently iron is applied as long as it is confined to the growing season. The second most efficient site is in the Southern Ocean. Here the biological response to iron fertilization is comparable to the Ross Sea, but the enhanced biological uptake of CO2 is more spread out in the vertical and thus less effective at leading to removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. The North Pacific site has lower initial nutrients and thus a lower efficiency. Fertilization of the Equatorial Pacific leads to an expansion of the suboxic zone and a striking increase in denitrification that causes a sharp reduction in overall surface biological export production and CO2 uptake. The impacts on the oxygen distribution and surface biological export are less prominent at other sites, but nevertheless still a source of concern. The century time scale retention of iron in these models greatly increases the long-term biological response to iron addition as compared with models in which the added iron is rapidly scavenged from the ocean.

Enhanced E. huxleyi carbonate counterpump as a positive feedback to increase deglacial pCO2sw in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 106921
Author(s):  
Chiara Balestrieri ◽  
Patrizia Ziveri ◽  
Michaël Grelaud ◽  
P. Graham Mortyn ◽  
Claudia Agnini
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Ocean Response to Wind Variations, Warm Water Volume, and Simple Models of ENSO in the Low-Frequency Approximation

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 3855-3873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Thermocline Depth ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Warm Water Volume ◽  
Frequency Approximation

Abstract Physical processes that control ENSO are relatively fast. For instance, it takes only several months for a Kelvin wave to cross the Pacific basin (Tk ≈ 2 months), while Rossby waves travel the same distance in about half a year. Compared to such short time scales, the typical periodicity of El Niño is much longer (T ≈ 2–7 yr). Thus, ENSO is fundamentally a low-frequency phenomenon in the context of these faster processes. Here, the author takes advantage of this fact and uses the smallness of the ratio ɛk = Tk/T to expand solutions of the ocean shallow-water equations into power series (the actual parameter of expansion also includes the oceanic damping rate). Using such an expansion, referred to here as the low-frequency approximation, the author relates thermocline depth anomalies to temperature variations in the eastern equatorial Pacific via an explicit integral operator. This allows a simplified formulation of ENSO dynamics based on an integro-differential equation. Within this formulation, the author shows how the interplay between wind stress curl and oceanic damping rates affects 1) the amplitude and periodicity of El Niño and 2) the phase lag between variations in the equatorial warm water volume and SST in the eastern Pacific. A simple analytical expression is derived for the phase lag. Further, applying the low-frequency approximation to the observed variations in SST, the author computes thermocline depth anomalies in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific to show a good agreement with the observed variations in warm water volume. Ultimately, this approach provides a rigorous framework for deriving other simple models of ENSO (the delayed and recharge oscillators), highlights the limitations of such models, and can be easily used for decadal climate variability in the Pacific.

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