scholarly journals Are in situ weight-specific growth rates body-size independent in marine planktonic copepods? A re-analysis of the global syntheses and a new empirical model

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Hirst ◽  
M Sheader
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

scholarly journals Scaling of growth rate and mortality with size and its consequence on size spectra of natural microphytoplankton assemblages in the East China Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 5267-5280 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Chang ◽  
E. C. Marquis ◽  
C. W. Chang ◽  
G. C. Gong ◽  
C. H. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Grazing Mortality ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Abstract. Allometric scaling of body size versus growth rate and mortality has been suggested to be a universal macroecological pattern, as described by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE). However, whether such scaling generally holds in natural assemblages remains debated. Here, we test the hypothesis that the size-specific growth rate and grazing mortality scale with the body size with an exponent of −1/4 after temperature correction, as MTE predicts. To do so, we couple a dilution experiment with the FlowCAM imaging system to obtain size-specific growth rates and grazing mortality of natural microphytoplankton assemblages in the East China Sea. This novel approach allows us to achieve highly resolved size-specific measurements that would be very difficult to obtain in traditional size-fractionated measurements using filters. Our results do not support the MTE prediction. On average, the size-specific growth rates and grazing mortality scale almost isometrically with body size (with scaling exponent ∼0.1). However, this finding contains high uncertainty, as the size-scaling exponent varies substantially among assemblages. The fact that size-scaling exponent varies among assemblages prompts us to further investigate how the variation of size-specific growth rate and grazing mortality can interact to determine the microphytoplankton size structure, described by normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS), among assemblages. We test whether the variation of microphytoplankton NBSS slopes is determined by (1) differential grazing mortality of small versus large individuals, (2) differential growth rate of small versus large individuals, or (3) combinations of these scenarios. Our results indicate that the ratio of the grazing mortality of the large size category to that of the small size category best explains the variation of NBSS slopes across environments, suggesting that higher grazing mortality of large microphytoplankton may release the small phytoplankton from grazing, which in turn leads to a steeper NBSS slope. This study contributes to understanding the relative importance of bottom-up versus top-down control in shaping microphytoplankton size structure.

Partitioning of CO2 Incorporation Among Planktonic Microbial Guilds and Estimation of In Situ Specific Growth Rates

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina García-Cantizano ◽  
Emilio O. Casamayor ◽  
Josep M. Gasol ◽  
Ricardo Guerrero ◽  
Carlos Pedrós-Alió
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

scholarly journals Body size and temperature effects on standard metabolic rate for determining metabolic scope for activity of the polychaete Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Lopes Galasso ◽  
Marion Richard ◽  
Sébastien Lefebvre ◽  
Catherine Aliaume ◽  
Myriam D. Callier
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Scope ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature

Considering the ecological importance and potential value of Hediste diversicolor, a better understanding of its metabolic rate and potential growth rates is required. The aims of this study are: (i) to describe key biometric relationships; (ii) to test the effects of temperature and body size on standard metabolic rate (as measure by oxygen consumption) to determine critical parameters, namely Arrhenius temperature (TA), allometric coefficient (b) and reaction rate; and (iii) to determine the metabolic scope for activity (MSA) of H. diversicolor for further comparison with published specific growth rates. Individuals were collected in a Mediterranean lagoon (France). After 10 days of acclimatization, 7 days at a fixed temperature and 24 h of fasting, resting oxygen consumption rates (VO2) were individually measured in the dark at four different temperatures (11, 17, 22 and 27 °C) in worms weighing from 4 to 94 mgDW (n = 27 per temperature). Results showed that DW and L3 were the most accurate measurements of weight and length, respectively, among all the metrics tested. Conversion of WW (mg), DW (mg) and L3 (mm) were quantified with the following equations: DW = 0.15 × WW, L3 = 0.025 × TL(mm) + 1.44 and DW = 0.8 × L33.68. Using an equation based on temperature and allometric effects, the allometric coefficient (b) was estimated at 0.8 for DW and at 2.83 for L3. The reaction rate (VO2) equaled to 12.33 µmol gDW−1 h−1 and 0.05 µmol mm L3−1 h−1 at the reference temperature (20 °C, 293.15 K). Arrhenius temperature (TA) was 5,707 and 5,664 K (for DW and L3, respectively). Metabolic scope for activity ranged from 120.1 to 627.6 J gDW−1 d−1. Predicted maximum growth rate increased with temperature, with expected values of 7–10% in the range of 15–20 °C. MSA was then used to evaluate specific growth rates (SGR) in several experiments. This paper may be used as a reference and could have interesting applications in the fields of aquaculture, ecology and biogeochemical processes.

scholarly journals Picoplankton Diel Variability and Estimated Growth Rates in Epipelagic and Mesopelagic Waters of the Central Red Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najwa Al-Otaibi ◽  
Francisca C. García ◽  
Xosé Anxelu G. Morán
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Autotrophic Picoplankton ◽  
Heterotrophic Prokaryotes ◽  
Diel Variability ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

The diel variability of the abundance and cell size of picoplanktonic groups in the central Red Sea was monitored every 2 h in situ on 4 occasions (once per season) from 2015 to 2016. We distinguished Prochlorococcus, low (LF-Syn) and high (HF-Syn) fluorescence Synechococcus, small (Speuk) and large (Lpeuk) picoeukaryotes and two groups of heterotrophic prokaryotes of low (LNA) and high (HNA) nucleic acid content. The diel variability in abundance was less marked than in cell size and more apparent in autotrophs than heterotrophs. Specific growth rates were estimated by an empirical relationship from measurements obtained in bottle incubations of surface and deep samples collected in the winter compared with in situ variations in cell size over 24 h. Autotrophic picoplankton groups generally grew faster (0.23–0.77 d–1) than heterotrophic prokaryotes (0.12–0.50 d–1). Surface to 100 m depth-weighted specific growth rates displayed a clear seasonal pattern for Prochlorococcus, with maxima in winter (0.77 ± 0.07 d–1) and minima in fall (0.52 ± 0.07 d–1). The two groups of Synechococcus peaked in spring, with slightly higher growth rates of LF-Syn (0.57 ± 0.04 d–1) than HF-Syn (0.43 ± 0.04 d–1). Speuk and Lpeuk showed different seasonal patterns, with lower values of the former (0.27 ± 0.02 and 0.37 ± 0.04 d–1, respectively). HNA consistently outgrew LNA heterotrophic prokaryotes, with a higher growth in the epipelagic (0–200 m, 0.36 ± 0.03 d–1) than in the mesopelagic (200–700 m, 0.26 ± 0.03 d–1), while no differences were found for LNA cells (0.19 ± 0.03 d–1 and 0.17 ± 0.02 d–1, respectively). With all data pooled, the mean diel abundances of autotrophic picoplankton in the upper epipelagic and of HNA cells in the epipelagic and mesopelagic layers were significantly correlated with the specific growth rates estimated from cell size variations. Our high-resolution sampling dataset suggests that changes in growth rates underlie the noticeable seasonality of picoplankton recently described in these tropical waters.

scholarly journals Copepod community growth rates in relation to body size, temperature, and food availability in the East China Sea: a test of metabolic theory of ecology

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1877-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Lin ◽  
A. R. Sastri ◽  
G. C. Gong ◽  
C. H. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Abstract. Zooplankton play an essential role in marine food webs, and understanding how community-level growth rates of zooplankton vary in the field is critical for predicting how marine ecosystem function may vary in the face of environmental changes. Here, we used the artificial cohort method to examine the effects of temperature, body size, and chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for food) on weight-specific growth rates for copepod communities in the East China Sea. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that copepod community growth rates can be described by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), linking spatio-temporal variation of copepod growth rate with temperature and their body size. Our results generally agree with predictions made by the MTE and demonstrate that weight-specific growth rates of copepod communities in our study area are positively related with temperature and negatively related to body size. However, the regression coefficients of body size do not approach the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we find that the deviation from the MTE predictions may be partly attributed to the effect of food availability (which is not explicitly accounted for by the MTE). In addition, significant difference in the coefficients of temperature and body size exists among taxonomic groups. Our results suggest that considering the effects of food limitation and taxonomy is necessary to better understand copepod growth rates under in situ conditions, and such effects on the MTE-based predictions need further investigation.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of theIn SituGrowth Rates of Subsurface Geobacter Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1646-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn E. Holmes ◽  
Ludovic Giloteaux ◽  
Melissa Barlett ◽  
Milind A. Chavan ◽  
Jessica A. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Dissimilatory Metal Reduction

ABSTRACTMolecular tools that can provide an estimate of thein situgrowth rate ofGeobacterspecies could improve understanding of dissimilatory metal reduction in a diversity of environments. Whole-genome microarray analyses of a subsurface isolate ofGeobacter uraniireducens, grown under a variety of conditions, identified a number of genes that are differentially expressed at different specific growth rates. Expression of two genes encoding ribosomal proteins,rpsCandrplL, was further evaluated with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) in cells with doubling times ranging from 6.56 h to 89.28 h. Transcript abundance ofrpsCcorrelated best (r2= 0.90) with specific growth rates. Therefore, expression patterns ofrpsCwere used to estimate specific growth rates ofGeobacterspecies during anin situuranium bioremediation field experiment in which acetate was added to the groundwater to promote dissimilatory metal reduction. Initially, increased availability of acetate in the groundwater resulted in higher expression ofGeobacter rpsC, and the increase in the number ofGeobactercells estimated with fluorescentin situhybridization compared well with specific growth rates estimated from levels ofin situ rpsCexpression. However, in later phases, cell number increases were substantially lower than predicted fromrpsCtranscript abundance. This change coincided with a bloom of protozoa and increased attachment ofGeobacterspecies to solid phases. These results suggest that monitoringrpsCexpression may better reflect the actual rate thatGeobacterspecies are metabolizing and growing duringin situuranium bioremediation than changes in cell abundance.

scholarly journals Copepod community growth rates in relation to body size, temperature, and food availability in the East China Sea: a test of metabolic theory of ecology

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 16303-16346
Author(s):  
K. Y. Lin ◽  
A. Sastri ◽  
G. C. Gong ◽  
C. H. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Metabolic Theory ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Abstract. Zooplankton play an essential role in marine food webs and understanding how community-level growth rates of zooplankton vary in the field is critical for predicting how marine ecosystem function may vary in the face of environmental changes. Here, we used the artificial cohort method to examine the effects of temperature, body size, and chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for food) on weight-specific growth rates for copepod communities in the East China Sea. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that copepod community growth rates can be described by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), linking spatio-temporal variation of copepod growth rate with temperature and their body size. Our results generally agree with predictions made by the MTE and demonstrate that weight-specific growth rates of copepod communities in our study area are positively related with temperature and negatively related to body size. However, the regression coefficients of body size do not approach the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we find that the deviation from the MTE predictions may be partly attributed to the effect of food availability (which is not explicitly accounted for by the MTE). In addition, significant difference in the coefficients of temperature and body size exists among taxonomic groups. Our results suggest that considering the effects of food limitation and taxonomy is necessary to better understand copepod growth rates under in situ conditions, and such effects on the MTE-based prediction needs further investigation.

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