Effects of salinity changes on hatching, hatching gene expression and hatching enzyme expression in Engraulis ringens eggs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Castro ◽  
V Morín ◽  
O Tiznado ◽  
A Miranda ◽  
S Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Hatching Enzyme ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Engraulis Ringens

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression for the Hatching Enzyme in the Teleost Embryo, Oryzias latipes

1995 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Inohaya ◽  
Shigeki Yasumasu ◽  
Mika Ishimaru ◽  
Akihiro Ohyama ◽  
Ichiro Iuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Hatching Enzyme ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Transcriptomics supports that pleuropodia of insect embryos function in degradation of the serosal cuticle to enable hatching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Konopová ◽  
Elisa Buchberger ◽  
Alastair Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Hatching Enzyme ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Insect Embryos ◽  
Epithelial Immunity ◽  
Genome Wide Gene Expression

ABSTRACTPleuropodia are limb-derived vesicular organs that transiently appear on the first abdominal segment of embryos from the majority of insect “orders”. They are missing in the model Drosophila and little is known about them. Experiments carried out on orthopteran insects eighty years ago indicated that the pleuropodia secrete a “hatching enzyme” that at the end of embryogenesis digests the serosal cuticle to enable the larva to hatch. This hypothesis contradicts the view that insect cuticle is digested by enzymes produced by the tissue that deposited it. We studied the development of the pleuropodia in embryos of the locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera) using transmission electron microscopy. RNA-seq was applied to generate a comprehensive embryonic reference transcriptome that was used to study genome-wide gene expression of ten stages of pleuropodia development. We show that the mature and secretion releasing pleuropodia are primarily enriched in transcripts associated with transport functions. They express genes encoding enzymes capable of digesting cuticular protein and chitin. These include the potent cuticulo-lytic Chitinase 5, whose transcript rises just before hatching. The pleuropodia are also enriched in transcripts for immunity-related enzymes, including the Toll signaling pathway, melanization cascade and lysozymes. These data provide transcriptomic evidence that the pleuropodia of orthopterans produce the “hatching enzyme”, whose important component is the Chitinase 5. They also indicate that the organs facilitate epithelial immunity and may function in embryonic immune defense. Based on their gene expression the pleuropodia appear to be an essential part of insect physiology.

Molecular and Microscopic Analysis of Altered Gene Expression in Transgenic and Gene Targeted Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
W. K. Jones ◽  
J. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Pulmonary Myocardium

Two myosin heavy chains (MyHC) are expressed in the mammalian heart and are differentially regulated during development. In the mouse, the α-MyHC is expressed constitutively in the atrium. At birth, the β-MyHC is downregulated and replaced by the α-MyHC, which is the sole cardiac MyHC isoform in the adult heart. We have employed transgenic and gene-targeting methodologies to study the regulation of cardiac MyHC gene expression and the functional and developmental consequences of altered α-MyHC expression in the mouse.We previously characterized an α-MyHC promoter capable of driving tissue-specific and developmentally correct expression of a CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) marker in the mouse. Tissue surveys detected a small amount of CAT activity in the lung (Fig. 1a). The results of in situ hybridization analyses indicated that the pattern of CAT transcript in the adult heart (Fig. 1b, top panel) is the same as that of α-MyHC (Fig. 1b, lower panel). The α-MyHC gene is expressed in a layer of cardiac muscle (pulmonary myocardium) associated with the pulmonary veins (Fig. 1c). These studies extend our understanding of α-MyHC expression and delimit a third cardiac compartment.

Linking transcription, RNA polymerase II elongation and alternative splicing

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (16) ◽  
pp. 3091-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana E. Giono ◽  
Alberto R. Kornblihtt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Transcription Elongation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Eukaryotic Transcription

Gene expression is an intricately regulated process that is at the basis of cell differentiation, the maintenance of cell identity and the cellular responses to environmental changes. Alternative splicing, the process by which multiple functionally distinct transcripts are generated from a single gene, is one of the main mechanisms that contribute to expand the coding capacity of genomes and help explain the level of complexity achieved by higher organisms. Eukaryotic transcription is subject to multiple layers of regulation both intrinsic — such as promoter structure — and dynamic, allowing the cell to respond to internal and external signals. Similarly, alternative splicing choices are affected by all of these aspects, mainly through the regulation of transcription elongation, making it a regulatory knob on a par with the regulation of gene expression levels. This review aims to recapitulate some of the history and stepping-stones that led to the paradigms held today about transcription and splicing regulation, with major focus on transcription elongation and its effect on alternative splicing.

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