Functional diversity on rocky shores of the SW Atlantic: sewage effluents influence and mask the effects of the latitudinal gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
GV Garaffo ◽  
EN Llanos ◽  
MA Saracho Bottero ◽  
E Hines ◽  
R Elías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Quadratic Entropy ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages ◽  
Sw Atlantic ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices ◽  
Rao’S Quadratic Entropy

Rocky shores are a transitional ecosystem between land and marine environments, and, together with other benthic coastal habitats, have a diverse macrobenthic community. Although there is enough information about the taxonomic diversity of Argentinean rocky shores, studies with a functional approach are scarce. We applied biological traits analysis and functional diversity indices to evaluate the geographic variation of the functional diversity of macrobenthic assemblages on rocky shores along a latitudinal gradient in the SW Atlantic (from 37° to 50°S). A total of 11 beaches with rocky hard substrate belonging to 2 biogeographical provinces (Magellanic and Argentinean) were studied during April 2016. The trait composition of macrobenthic assemblages and functional diversity indices (Rao’s quadratic entropy) varied significantly along the Argentinean coast, suggesting that the latitudinal gradient influences the distribution of species with respect to combinations of trait modalities. Rao’s quadratic entropy, species richness, evenness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity showed a pattern with higher values in the sites located in high latitudes. The functional diversity patterns found coincide with the biogeographical provinces. The presence of intertidal sewage effluents considerably influence functional diversity and mask the effects of the latitudinal gradient on the macrobenthic communities on rocky shores.

scholarly journals How Do Biological and Functional Diversity Change in Invaded Tropical Marine Rocky Reef Communities?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Larissa M. Pires-Teixeira ◽  
Vinicius Neres-Lima ◽  
Joel C. Creed
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices

Evidence so far shows that most alien species (AS) have negative impacts on native biodiversity and are changing biodiversity in almost all environments. Here, we study eight rocky shores at four sites containing reefs with invaded communities and other not-invaded (control) communities, to evaluate the effects of four marine invasive species on biological and functional diversity. We used the adjustment and selection approach of species abundance distribution models (SAD), taxonomic diversity indices and functional diversity indices based on hierarchical grouping matrices (FD—Functional Diversity). In addition to comparing invaded and not-invaded communities, we also performed the same analysis, but removed the invaders (AS removed) from the matrices. The geometric-series model was best adjusted to the majority of communities. The diversity indices suggest that the taxonomic diversity is lower in invaded communities, while the functional diversity indices suggest a change in the functional space of invaded and not-invaded communities, with a greater amount of functional space filled by species in the not-invaded communities. Taxonomic and functional diversity indices were successful in identifying processes that determine the biological diversity of invaded communities, as they seem to obey a pattern that reflects the reduced diversity of invaded communities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate and Human Pressures on Functional Diversity and Species Richness Patterns of Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals in Europe

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Mariana A. Tsianou ◽  
Maria Lazarina ◽  
Danai-Eleni Michailidou ◽  
Aristi Andrikou-Charitidou ◽  
Stefanos P. Sgardelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Quadratic Entropy ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
Rao’S Quadratic Entropy ◽  
Richness Patterns

The ongoing biodiversity crisis reinforces the urgent need to unravel diversity patterns and the underlying processes shaping them. Although taxonomic diversity has been extensively studied and is considered the common currency, simultaneously conserving other facets of diversity (e.g., functional diversity) is critical to ensure ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here, we explored the effect of key climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, temperature seasonality, and precipitation seasonality) and factors reflecting human pressures (agricultural land, urban land, land-cover diversity, and human population density) on the functional diversity (functional richness and Rao’s quadratic entropy) and species richness of amphibians (68 species), reptiles (107 species), and mammals (176 species) in Europe. We explored the relationship between different predictors and diversity metrics using generalized additive mixed model analysis, to capture non-linear relationships and to account for spatial autocorrelation. We found that at this broad continental spatial scale, climatic variables exerted a significant effect on the functional diversity and species richness of all taxa. On the other hand, variables reflecting human pressures contributed significantly in the models even though their explanatory power was lower compared to climatic variables. In most cases, functional richness and Rao’s quadratic entropy responded similarly to climate and human pressures. In conclusion, climate is the most influential factor in shaping both the functional diversity and species richness patterns of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals in Europe. However, incorporating factors reflecting human pressures complementary to climate could be conducive to us understanding the drivers of functional diversity and richness patterns.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND ITS ATTRIBUTE FACTORS IN THE YUNMENG MOUNTAIN NATIONAL FOREST PARK IN BEIJING, CHINA

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Jin-Tun Zhang ◽  
Xiaohang Bai ◽  
Dan Shao
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices

ABSTRACT The interaction of diversity with environmental gradients is an important topic in ecology. This study investigated the pattern of change in functional diversity in forest communities along an altitudinal gradient in Yunmeng Mountain National Forest Park, China. Forty-two quadrats measuring 10 x 10 m in the forest communities were set up along this altitudinal gradient; plant species, traits and environmental variables were measured and recorded. Six functional diversity indices, namely, Modified functional attribute diversity (MFAD), Functional diversity plot-based dendrogram index (FDp), Functional diversity community-based dendrogram index (FDc), Functional evenness (FEve), Functional divergence (FDiv) and Functional dispersion (FDis), were used to calculate functional diversity. The results showed that functional diversity varied greatly in forest communities in the Yunmeng Mountain Forest Park. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with elevation and slope position and somewhat correlated with soil depth. Functional diversity increased with an increase in the elevation and decreased as the slope position changed from valley bottom to hill ridge. Functional diversity was closely related to species richness. The six functional diversity indices were all applicable to functional diversity studies of forest communities.

NEW MULTIDIMENSIONAL FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY INDICES FOR A MULTIFACETED FRAMEWORK IN FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY

Ecology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 2290-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Villéger ◽  
Norman W. H. Mason ◽  
David Mouillot
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices

scholarly journals From zero to infinity: minimum to maximum diversity of the planet by spatio-parametric Rao’s quadratic entropy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duccio Rocchini ◽  
Matteo Marcantonio ◽  
Daniele Da Re ◽  
Giovanni Bacaro ◽  
Enrico Feoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Image ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Quadratic Entropy ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Rao’S Quadratic Entropy ◽  
Work Done ◽  
First Time

AbstractAimThe majority of work done to gather information on Earth diversity has been carried out by in-situ data, with known issues related to epistemology (e.g., species determination and taxonomy), spatial uncertainty, logistics (time and costs), among others. An alternative way to gather information about spatial ecosystem variability is the use of satellite remote sensing. It works as a powerful tool for attaining rapid and standardized information. Several metrics used to calculate remotely sensed diversity of ecosystems are based on Shannon’s Information Theory, namely on the differences in relative abundance of pixel reflectances in a certain area. Additional metrics like the Rao’s quadratic entropy allow the use of spectral distance beside abundance, but they are point descriptors of diversity, namely they can account only for a part of the whole diversity continuum. The aim of this paper is thus to generalize the Rao’s quadratic entropy by proposing its parameterization for the first time.InnovationThe parametric Rao’s quadratic entropy, coded in R, i) allows to represent the whole continuum of potential diversity indices in one formula, and ii) starting from the Rao’s quadratic entropy, allows to explicitly make use of distances among pixel reflectance values, together with relative abundances.Main conclusionsThe proposed unifying measure is an integration between abundance- and distance-based algorithms to map the continuum of diversity given a satellite image at any spatial scale.

scholarly journals Functional Diversity in Ferns Is Driven by Species Richness Rather Than by Environmental Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Aros-Mualin ◽  
Sarah Noben ◽  
Dirk N. Karger ◽  
César I. Carvajal-Hernández ◽  
Laura Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices

Functional traits determine how species interact with their abiotic and biotic environment. In turn, functional diversity describes how assemblages of species as a whole are adapted to their environment, which also determines how they might react to changing conditions. To fully understand functional diversity, it is fundamental to (a) disentangle the influences of environmental filtering and species richness from each other, (b) assess if the trait space saturates at high levels of species richness, and (c) understand how changes in species numbers affect the relative importance of the trait niche expansion and packing. In the present study, we determined functional diversity of fern assemblages by describing morphological traits related to resource acquisition along four tropical elevational transects with different environmental conditions and species richness. We used several functional diversity indices and their standardized effect size to consider different aspects of functional diversity. We contrasted these aspects of functional diversity with climate data and species richness using linear models and linear mixed models. Our results show that functional morphological trait diversity was primarily driven by species richness and only marginally by environmental conditions. Moreover, increasing species richness contributed progressively to packing of the morphological niche space, while at the same time decreasing morphological expansion until a saturation point was reached. Overall, our findings suggest that the density of co-occurring species is the fundamental driving force of morphological niche structure, and environmental conditions have only an indirect influence on fern resource acquisition strategies.

A guide for using functional diversity indices to reveal changes in assembly processes along ecological gradients

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W.H. Mason ◽  
Francesco de Bello ◽  
David Mouillot ◽  
Sandrine Pavoine ◽  
Stéphane Dray
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ecological Gradients ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices
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