Assessment of sediment penetrability as an integrated in situ measure of intertidal softsediment conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
TG Gerwing ◽  
MA Barbeau ◽  
DJ Hamilton ◽  
AM Allen Gerwing ◽  
J Sinclair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Infaunal Community ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Improved Model

Infauna have an intimate relationship with the sediments they inhabit, and any study conducted upon infauna must, at the very least, describe sediment conditions. Common sediment assessments in intertidal systems include particle size distribution, as well as water and organic matter contents. These measures require extracting and processing a sediment core, and this disturbance may result in data that do not necessarily reflect in situ conditions. Sediment penetrability measured in situ using a penetrometer can circumvent this limitation. However, relationships between sediment penetrability and other sediment variables are poorly understood, especially in coastal systems. We evaluated the relationship between sediment penetrability and depth to the apparent redox potential discontinuity, mean particle size, organic matter content, and water content on tidal flats along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Canada. We also assessed whether adding penetrability into environmental models of the infaunal community improved model performance. We observed that while penetrability is statistically related to other sediment variables, relationships to covariates were weak. Further, inclusion of penetrability with other sediment variables improved the performance of models predicting infaunal community composition. Therefore, penetrability can be considered a separate variable, and contributes to an integrated assessment of environmental conditions experienced by biota. Finally, since we evaluated this method in different soft-sediment intertidal ecosystems (mudflats to sandflats), this method is applicable to a range of systems in other geographical areas.

Evaluating the Integral Suspension Pressure method for measuring the particle size distribution in soils with high organic matter content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Contreras ◽  
Sara Acevedo ◽  
Sofía Martínez ◽  
Carlos Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Standard Techniques

<p>Typical information in soil databases is the soil texture and particle size distribution. These properties are used for soil description or predicting other soil properties such as bulk density or hydraulic conductivity. Measuring particle size distribution with standards methods such as the pipette or hydrometer is time-consuming because of the sample pre-treatment used to remove organic matter or iron and the sample post-treatment. Nowadays, there are new methodologies for determining soil particle size distribution, such as the Integral Suspension Pressure (ISP) method, which measures the silt content in a semi-automatized process. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the ISP method compared to standard techniques used in soil analysis and evaluate the effect of organic matter content in the ISP measurements. The main results showed that the ISP method is equivalent in accuracy to the pipette, especially for soils rich in silt or sand content. Also, the results demonstrate the convenience of removing the soil organic matter when using the ISP for soils with more than 1.5% organic matter.</p>

WITHIN-PEDON VARIABILITY IN SOIL PROPERTIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. PATTERSON ◽  
G. J. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Soil Material

Replicate soil samples (2–20) from the A, B and C horizons of 41 pedons were collected to measure within-pedon variability of particle size distribution, organic matter content, calcium carbonate equivalent and pH. Variability in soil properties was examined in relation to the mode of origin of the soil material, soil horizonation and soil drainage. Variance in particle size distribution was significantly influenced by mode of deposition as well as by soil horizons, while soil drainage had no significant influence on the variation in particle size distribution. Variance in calcium carbonate equivalent and organic matter content was not influenced by soil drainage or mode of deposition. The number of replicate samples required for statistically reliable evaluation of a pedon at given confidence limits was determined for the soil properties studied. The results of these calculations indicate the need for up to five replicate samples to achieve satisfactory levels of accuracy at the 95% confidence level for some of the soil properties studied.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Model to Accurately Monitor Soil Water Content

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Jingyu Ji ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Yajun Luan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Improved Model

The accurate monitoring of soil water content during the growth of crops is of great importance to improve agricultural water use efficiency. The Campbell model is one of the most widely used models for monitoring soil moisture content from soil thermal conductivities in farmland, which always needs to be calibrated due to the lack of adequate original data and the limitation of measurement methods. To precisely predict the water content of complex soils using the Campbell model, this model was evaluated by investigating several factors, including soil texture, bulk density and organic matter. The comparison of the R2 and the reduced Chi-Sqr values, which were calculated by Origin, was conducted to calibrate the Campbell model calculated. In addition, combining factors of parameters, a new parameter named m related to soil texture and the organic matter was firstly introduced and the original fitting parameter, E, was improved to an expression related to clay fraction and the organic matter content in the improved model. The soil data collected from both the laboratory and the previous literature were used to assess the revised model. The results show that most of the R2 values of the improved model are >0.95, and the reduced Chi-Sqr values are <0.01, which presents a better matching performance compared to the original. It is concluded that the improved model provides more accurate monitoring of soil water content for water irrigation management.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Phosphorus Adsorption and Release in Different Types of Sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 342-354
Author(s):  
Pengqiang Yang ◽  
Huanghe ◽  
Rujun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adsorption And Release

Taking different types of sediments as the research object, this research studied the adsorption and release characteristics of phosphorus under different conditions of different temperatures, coexisting heavy metal ion system, organic matter content and sediment particle size. Through used correlation analysis and principal component analysis, it discussed the influence of various factors on the adsorption and release of phosphorus in sediments. The results show that the adsorption of phosphorus by five different types of sediments from different sources reached saturation equilibrium in about 10 hours, and the increasing rates of 0 ℃, 15 ℃ and 30 ℃ are 17.5% ~ 23.7% and 18.2% ~ 38.3%, respectively.  The addition of coexisting heavy metal ion solution accelerated the adsorption of phosphorus in the sediment and reduced the total amount of phosphorus adsorption, that is, heavy metal ions inhibited the adsorption of phosphorus in the sediment; the presence of organic matter in the sediment would reduce its adsorption of phosphorus , Taihu farm and wetland sampling points have the largest sediment organic matter content. Compared with the other three points, the adsorption of phosphorus of these two  points accounted for 20.6% and 22.1%; the adsorption and release of phosphorus by sediment increased with the decrease of particle size. The maximum release rate was 5.216mg/kg-1·h-1. The result of principal component analysis shows that the order of influence on the adsorption and release of phosphorus by sediments is temperature> disturbance> organic matter content> heavy metal ion influence> particle size of sediments.

Total Bahan Organik dan Kualitas Air di Perairan Morodemak, Kabupaten Demak

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Widya Triyaningsih ◽  
Munasik Munasik ◽  
Wilis Ari Setyati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Marine Biota

Perairan Morodemak merupakan daerah yang memegang peranan penting di Jawa Tengah sebagai daerah tangkapan dan pelelangan ikan serta kawasan padat penduduk. Namun penelitian mengenai kandungan bahan organik dan indeks pencemaran di lokasi jarang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk analisis Kandungan bahan organik dan indeks pencemaran serta  mengetahui kandungan bahan organik dan kondisi pencemaran di Perairan Morodemak Kabupaten Demak. Materi yang digunakan adalah air laut yang terdapat di sekitar Perairan Morodemak Kabupaten Demak. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel permukaan air yang diambil dengan botol Nansen kurang lebih pada kedalaman 1 meter. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan mengkaji kualitas perairan berdasarkan bahan organic di perairan Morodemak Kabupaten Demak. Pengambilan data secara in-situ kemudian dianalisa di laboratorium, serta analisis kualitatif indeks pencemaran dengan metode STORET yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia. Kandungan bahan organik di Perairan Morodemak adalah sebesar 15.01–15.94 mg/L untuk keadaan surut dan 19.96–21.67 mg/L untuk pasang. Dari kandungan bahan organik yang ditentukan, didapatkan hasil BOD5 dan COD sebagai parameter kualitas perairan sebesar 241.42–370.19 mg/L dan 515.117–792.191 mg/L. Kondisi Perairan Morodemak tergolong ke dalam perairan yang tercemar dikarenakan hampir seluruh parameter yang diujikan melewati batas baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut yang ditentukan oleh Kepmen LH No. 51 Tahun 2004 dan melewati indeks STORET dengan skor perairan > -31. Morodemak waters are an area that plays an important role in Central Java as a fishing and auction area as well as a densely populated area. However, research on organic matter content and on-site pollution index is rarely conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the organic matter content and pollution index and to determine the organic matter content and pollution conditions in the waters of Morodemak, Demak Regency. The material used is sea water that is around Morodemak Waters, Demak Regency. The sample used is a water surface sample taken with a Nansen bottle at a depth of 1 meter. The research method used is descriptive method by assessing the quality of the waters based on organic matter in the waters of Morodemak, Demak Regency. In-situ data collection was then analyzed in the laboratory, as well as a qualitative analysis of the pollution index using the STORET method issued by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. The organic matter content in Morodemak waters is 15.01–15.94 mg / L for low tide and 19.96–21.67 mg / L for high tide. From the determined organic matter content, the BOD5 and COD results as water quality parameters were 241.42–370.19 mg / L and 515,117–792,191 mg / L. The condition of Morodemak waters is classified into polluted waters because almost all the parameters tested have exceeded the sea water quality standard limit for marine biota determined by the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004 and passed the STORET index with a water score of> -31.

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