scholarly journals Sharing wintering grounds does not synchronize annual survival in a high Arctic seabird, the little auk

2020 ◽  
Vol SEA ◽  
Author(s):  
S Descamps ◽  
B Merkel ◽  
H Strøm ◽  
R Choquet ◽  
H Steen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Little Auk ◽  
Wintering Grounds ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Franz Josef Land

Sharing the same wintering grounds by avian populations breeding in various areas may synchronize fluctuations in vital rates, which could increase the risk of extinction. Here, by combining multi-colony tracking with long-term capture-recapture data, we studied the winter distribution and annual survival of the most numerous Arctic seabird, the little auk Alle alle. We assessed whether little auks from different breeding populations in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land use the same wintering grounds and if this leads to synchronized survival. Our results indicate that birds from the Svalbard colonies shared similar wintering grounds, although differences existed in the proportion of birds from each colony using the different areas. Little auks from Franz Josef Land generally spent the winter in a separate area, but some individuals wintered in the Iceland Sea with Svalbard populations. Survival data from 3 Svalbard colonies collected in 2005-2018 indicated that sharing wintering grounds did not synchronize little auk annual survival rates. However, it is clear that the Iceland Sea is an important wintering area for little auks, and environmental changes in this area could have widespread impacts on many populations.

scholarly journals Testing for Geographic Variation in Survival of Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) Populations in Chukotka, Russia and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska

ARCTIC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana V. Solovyeva ◽  
Vera Yu. Kokhanova ◽  
Melissa Gabrielson ◽  
Katherine S. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Island Sample ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Likelihood Approach ◽  
Over Time

Information on variation in survival among geographically distinct breeding populations can produce valuable insights about the population dynamics of a species. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta sub-population of Spectacled Eiders in Alaska decreased precipitously between the 1950s and 1990s. Causes for this decline are unknown but may be attributed to low female survival due to predation and lead exposure on the breeding grounds. From 2014 to 2015, we compared annual survival probabilities of Spectacled Eiders on Kigigak Island in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, and Ayopechan Island in the Chaun Delta, Chukotka, where similar field protocols were implemented. A Cormack-Jolly-Seber maximum likelihood approach was used to estimate apparent survival (φ) and recapture probability (p) from mark-resight data. We tested a) whether Russian and Alaskan sub-populations differed in their survival rates, b) whether survival varied annually, and c) whether survival followed an increasing or decreasing trend over time at either site. We found no evidence for differing survival between the two breeding areas when mean survival across years was compared, and we did not find strong evidence for a linear trend in survival over time at either site. Furthermore, our data supported models with annually varying survival at Kigigak Island and constant survival at Ayopechan Island. Sample size constraints precluded estimates of annual survival at Ayopechan Island. Our finding of no difference in mean survival between sites lends support to the idea that survival may be a function of conditions on the wintering grounds.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Wittmer ◽  
BN McLellan ◽  
DR Seip ◽  
JA Young ◽  
TA Kinley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Annual Survival

We used census results and radiotelemetry locations of >380 collared individuals sampled over the entire distribution of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) in British Columbia, Canada, to delineate population structure and document the size and trend of the identified populations. We also describe the spatial pattern of decline and the causes and timing of adult mortality and provide estimates of vital rates necessary to develop a population viability analysis. Our results indicate that the abundance of mountain caribou in British Columbia is declining. We found adult female annual survival rates below annual survival rates commonly reported for large ungulates. The major proximate cause of population decline appears to be predation on adult caribou. Spatial patterns of population dynamics revealed a continuous range contraction and an increasing fragmentation of mountain caribou into smaller, isolated subpopulations. The population fragmentation process predominantly occurs at the outer boundaries of the current distribution. Our results indicate that recovery strategies for mountain caribou should be directed at factors contributing to the fragmentation and isolation of mountain caribou populations as well as management strategies aimed at increasing adult survival. © 2005 NRC Canada.

scholarly journals Persistent organic pollution in a high-Arctic top predator: sex-dependent thresholds in adult survival

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1769) ◽  
pp. 20131483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Einar Erikstad ◽  
Hanno Sandvik ◽  
Tone Kristin Reiertsen ◽  
Jan Ove Bustnes ◽  
Hallvard Strøm
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Analysis Survival

In long-lived species, any negative effect of pollution on adult survival may pose serious hazards to breeding populations. In this study, we measured concentrations of various organochlorines (OCs) (polychlorinated biphenyl and OC pesticides) in the blood of a large number of adult glaucous gulls ( Larus hyperboreus ) breeding on Bjørnøya (Bear Island) in the Norwegian Arctic, and modelled their local survival using capture–recapture analysis. Survival was negatively associated with concentrations of OCs in the blood. The effect of OCs was nonlinear and evident only among birds with the highest concentrations (the uppermost deciles of contamination). The threshold for depressed survival differed between the sexes, with females being more sensitive to contamination. For birds with lower OC concentration, survival was very high, i.e. at the upper range of survival rates reported from glaucous and other large gull species in other, presumably less contaminated populations. We propose two non-exclusive explanations. First, at some threshold of OC concentration, parents (especially males) may abandon reproduction to maximize their own survival. Second, high contamination of OC may eliminate the most sensitive individuals from the population (especially among females), inducing a strong selection towards high-quality and less sensitive phenotypes.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Wittmer ◽  
BN McLellan ◽  
DR Seip ◽  
JA Young ◽  
TA Kinley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Annual Survival

We used census results and radiotelemetry locations of >380 collared individuals sampled over the entire distribution of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) in British Columbia, Canada, to delineate population structure and document the size and trend of the identified populations. We also describe the spatial pattern of decline and the causes and timing of adult mortality and provide estimates of vital rates necessary to develop a population viability analysis. Our results indicate that the abundance of mountain caribou in British Columbia is declining. We found adult female annual survival rates below annual survival rates commonly reported for large ungulates. The major proximate cause of population decline appears to be predation on adult caribou. Spatial patterns of population dynamics revealed a continuous range contraction and an increasing fragmentation of mountain caribou into smaller, isolated subpopulations. The population fragmentation process predominantly occurs at the outer boundaries of the current distribution. Our results indicate that recovery strategies for mountain caribou should be directed at factors contributing to the fragmentation and isolation of mountain caribou populations as well as management strategies aimed at increasing adult survival. © 2005 NRC Canada.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko U Wittmer ◽  
Bruce N McLellan ◽  
Dale R Seip ◽  
James A Young ◽  
Trevor A Kinley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Annual Survival

We used census results and radiotelemetry locations of >380 collared individuals sampled over the entire distribution of the endangered mountain ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) in British Columbia, Canada, to delineate population structure and document the size and trend of the identified populations. We also describe the spatial pattern of decline and the causes and timing of adult mortality and provide estimates of vital rates necessary to develop a population viability analysis. Our results indicate that the abundance of mountain caribou in British Columbia is declining. We found adult female annual survival rates below annual survival rates commonly reported for large ungulates. The major proximate cause of population decline appears to be predation on adult caribou. Spatial patterns of population dynamics revealed a continuous range contraction and an increasing fragmentation of mountain caribou into smaller, isolated subpopulations. The population fragmentation process predominantly occurs at the outer boundaries of the current distribution. Our results indicate that recovery strategies for mountain caribou should be directed at factors contributing to the fragmentation and isolation of mountain caribou populations as well as management strategies aimed at increasing adult survival.

scholarly journals SAT0316 ANTI-PM/SCL ANTIBODIES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: CLINICAL ASSOCIATIONS IN THE RESCLE COHORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1103.1-1104
Author(s):  
N. Iniesta-Arandia ◽  
G. Espinosa ◽  
A. Guillen del Castillo ◽  
C. Tolosa ◽  
G. M. Lledó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Allergy Immunol ◽  
Science Service

Background:Anti-PM/Scl antibodies are associated to systemic sclerosis (SSc) but are not specific to SSc. The true prevalence of anti-PM/Scl antibodies in SSc is unknown, ranging from 2.5% to 12.5%. An association between anti-PM/Scl antibodies with muscular involvement, pulmonary fibrosis, calcinosis, and a relatively benign prognosis have been described.Objectives:To compare the clinical manifestations and prognosis of SSc patients according the presence of anti-PM/Scl antibodies in the cohort of RESCLE (Spanish Scleroderma Registry).Methods:From the Spanish Scleroderma Study Group database, we selected patients in whom anti-PM/Scl antibodies had been tested. We compared demographic features, clinical manifestations, laboratory characteristics, and survival data between patients according the anti-PM/Scl antibodies status.Results:72 out of 947 (7%) patients tested positive for anti-PM/Scl antibodies. As presenting SSc manifestations, patients with anti-PM/Scl antibodies had higher prevalence of puffy fingers (11% versus 2%; p=0.002) and arthralgias (11% versus 4%; p=0.03), and lower prevalence of Raynaud’s phenomenon (65% versus 82%, p=0.002). Regarding cumulative manifestations, myositis (51% versus 15%; p<0.001), arthritis (43% versus 22%; p=0.001), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (60% versus 45%, p=0.014) were more prevalent in patients with anti-PM/Scl antibodies. In fact, those patients with anti-Pm/Scl antibodies presented with FVC (77.4% ± 23.1% versus 85.8% ± 23,1%; p=0.006) and more severe ILD defined as FVC <70% (41% versus 24%; p=0.004). Death rate was similar in patients with and without PM/Scl antibodies (18% versus 17%; p=0.871).We did not find differences in terms of death rate nor in the causes of death (SSc and non-SSc related) according to the anti-PM/Scl antibodies profile.The 5- and 10-years survival rates of patients with anti-PM/Scl antibodies were 91% and 82% respectively, without differences with those without these antibodies (93% and 85%, respectively).Conclusion:In Spanish SSc patients, the presence of anti-PM/Scl antibodies confer a distinctive clinical profile. However, anti-PM/Scl antibodies do not play a role in the prognosis of these patients.References:[1]Stochmal A, Czuwara J, Trojanowska M, Rudnicka L. Antinuclear antibodies in systemic sclerosis: an update. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020;58(1):40-51. doi: 10.1007/s12016-018-8718-8.Acknowledgments:We gratefully acknowledge all investigators who are part of the RESCLE Registry. We also thank the RESCLE Registry Coordinating Centre, S&H Medical Science Service, for their quality control data, logistic and administrative support and Prof. Salvador Ortiz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Statistical Advisor S&H Medical Science Service for the statistical analysis of the data presented in this paper.Disclosure of InterestsNerea Iniesta-Arandia: None declared, Gerard Espinosa Speakers bureau: Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Boehringer, Rovi, Alfredo Guillen del Castillo: None declared, Carles Tolosa Consultant of: Actelion pharmaceuticals, GSK, MSD., Gema Maria Lledó: None declared, Dolores Colunga Argüelles Consultant of: Actelion pharmaceuticals, GSK, MSD., Cristina González-Echávarri: None declared, Luis Sáez-Comet: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Jose Antonio Vargas-Hitos: None declared, Manuel Rubio-Rivas: None declared, Mayka Freire: None declared, Juan José Rios: None declared, Monica Rodriguez-Carballeira: None declared, Luis Trapiella Martínez: None declared, Vicent Fonollosa Pla Speakers bureau: Actelion, Carmen Pilar Simeón-Aznar Consultant of: Actelion pharmaceuticals, GSK, MSD., on behalf of RESCLE Investigators, Autoimmune Diseases Study Group (GEAS): None declared

scholarly journals German oncology certification system for colorectal cancer – relative survival rates of a single certified centre vs. national and international registry data

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Richter ◽  
Lena Sonnow ◽  
Amir Mehdizadeh-Shrifi ◽  
Axel Richter ◽  
Rainer Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Cancer Registry Data ◽  
Colon And Rectal Cancer

Abstract Objectives To evaluate how the certification of specialised Oncology Centres in Germany affects the relative survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by means of national and international comparison. Methods Between 2007 and 2013, 675 patients with colorectal cancer, treated at the Hildesheim Hospital, an academic teaching hospital of the Hannover Medical School (MHH), were included. A follow-up of the entire patient group was performed until 2014. To obtain international data, a SEER-database search was done. The relative survival of 148,957 patients was compared to our data after 12, 36 and 60 months. For national survival data, we compared our rates with 41,988 patients of the Munich Cancer Registry (MCR). Results Relative survival at our institution tends to be higher in advanced tumour stages compared to national and international cancer registry data. Nationally we found only little variation in survival rates for low stages CRC (UICC I and II), colon, and rectal cancer. There were notable variations regarding relative survival rates for advanced CRC tumour stages (UICC IV). These variations were even more distinct for rectal cancer after 12, 36 and 60 months (Hildesheim Hospital: 89.9, 40.3, 30.1%; Munich Cancer Registry (MCR): 65.4, 28.7, 16.6%). The international comparison of CRC showed significantly higher relative survival rates for patients with advanced tumour stages after 12 months at our institution (77 vs. 54.9% for UICC IV; raw p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients with advanced tumour stages of CRC and especially rectal cancer benefit most from a multidisciplinary and guidelines-oriented treatment at Certified Oncology Centres. For a better evaluation of cancer treatment and improved national and international comparison, the creation of a centralised national cancer registry is necessary.

scholarly journals Sinonasal mucosal melanoma: treatment strategies and survival rates for a rare disease entity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Andrianakis ◽  
Peter Kiss ◽  
Markus Pomberger ◽  
Axel Wolf ◽  
Dietmar Thurnher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Mucosal Melanoma ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Improve Outcome ◽  
Initial Symptoms

Summary Background Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare disease entity comprising 0.4–1.3% of all melanomas. Surgery with free margins has been the primary treatment over decades. Neither the addition of radiotherapy nor chemotherapy could significantly improve outcome rates of this devastating malignancy. This study presents our clinical experience with SNMM over a 19-year period and summarizes the current body of literature on SNMM. Methods This retrospective analysis included 12 patients with SNMM treated from 2001 to 2019 at an academic center. Additionally, a literature review of the last 29 years on treatment and survival data of SNMM was conducted. Results Main initial symptoms were epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Of the patients 9 underwent endoscopic surgery, 6 received adjuvant therapy. 3 patients who did not undergo surgery, received chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, and chemotherapy alone, respectively. At the time of diagnosis 2 patients had distant metastases and 4 patients developed distant metastases during the course of the disease. Mean overall survival (OS) was 30.6 months, 3‑year and 5‑year OS were 25%, and 18.2%, respectively. Conclusion Unspecific symptoms and hidden anatomic locations lead to delayed diagnosis and increased rates of metastatic dissemination. Distant metastasis is the main treatment failure in SNMM. Surgery with free margins remains the primary treatment for SNMM. Adjuvant radiotherapy might improve local control in individual cases but efficient systemic therapy is needed to improve outcome rates. To evaluate and define more effective targeted treatment options and improve outcome rates, homogeneous data and prospective multicentric analysis are needed.

scholarly journals Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) vocalizations across seasons and habitat types in Svalbard, Norway

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Llobet ◽  
Heidi Ahonen ◽  
Christian Lydersen ◽  
Jørgen Berge ◽  
Rolf Ims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Erignathus Barbatus ◽  
Bearded Seals

AbstractMale bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) use vocal displays to attract females and to compete with other males during the mating season. This makes it possible to monitor breeding populations of this species using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). This study analysed year-round acoustic data records from AURAL instruments in Svalbard (Norway) to investigate seasonal variation in the acoustic presence of male bearded seals and the phenology of different call types (long, step and sweep trills) at three sites representing a variety of habitats with varied ice conditions. Male bearded seals vocalized for an extended period at a drift-ice site (Atwain; January–July) north of Spitsbergen, while the vocal season was shorter at a High Arctic land-fast-ice site (Rijpfjorden; February–June) and shorter yet again at a west-coast site that has undergone dramatic reductions in sea ice cover over the last 1.5 decades (Kongsfjorden; April–June). Generalized Additive Models showed marked seasonal segregation in the use of different trill types at Atwain, where call rates reached 400 per h, with long trills being the most numerous call type. Modest segregation of trill types was seen at Rijpfjorden, where call rates reached 300 per h, and no segregation occurred in Kongsfjorden (peak call rate 80 per h). Sea ice cover was available throughout the vocal season at Atwain and Rijpfjorden, while at Kongsfjorden peak vocal activity (May–June) occurred after the sea ice disappeared. Ongoing climate warming and sea ice reductions will likely increase the incidence of such mismatches and reduce breeding habitat for bearded seals.

EPID-10. GLIOMA INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL BY INCOME LEVEL IN THE UNITED STATES GENERAL POPULATION AGES AND ABOVE FROM 2000-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi87-vi88
Author(s):  
Jennifer Murillo ◽  
Elizabeth Anyanda ◽  
Jason Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Average Survival

Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor in the United States with previous studies showing the incidence varied by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Survival after diagnosis has also been shown to vary by these factors. Also, socioeconomic status and its association with various cancers have also been studied at length over time. PURPOSE: The purpose of our research was to quantify the differences in incidence and survival rates of gliomas in 15 years and older by income level. METHODS: This population-based study obtained incidence and survival data from the Incidence-SEER Research Database the general population. Average age incidence were generated by glioma groups and grouped by income levels. Survival rates were generated by overall glioma diagnosis grouped by observed survival at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months and by again by income levels. The analysis included 94,207 patients with glioma diagnosed in those aged 15 years or older. RESULTS: Overall, 94, 207 patients diagnosed with glioma were analyzed. Of these, 1,089 (1.16%) fell into the &lt; $35k group, 1,684 (1.79%) in the $35k-$40k group, 3,473 (3.69%) in the $40k-$45k group, 5,647 (5.99%) in the $45k-$50k group, 7,138 (7.58%) in the $50k-$55k group, 6,468 (6.87%) in the $55k-$60k group, 15,348 (16.29%) in the $60k-$65k group, 13,216 (14.03%) in the $65k-$70k group, 9,035 (9.59%) in the $70k-$75k group, and 31,109 (33.02%) fell in &gt; $75k group. The data was also broken further down into survivability showing average survival. CONCLUSION: Incidence of glioma and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 month survival rates after diagnosis vary significantly by income level with higher income level greater than $75,000+ having higher incidence and higher survival rates compared with lower income levels. Further research is needed to help determine risk factors and barriers to care to help reveal health disparities.

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