Carryover effects of brooding conditions on larvae in the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
K Meyer-Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Crepidula Fornicata ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

Larval dispersal is a critical step in the life-histories of sessile benthic invertebrates. There is a growing body of research showing plasticity in marine invertebrate larvae, but the causes and ranges of intraspecific variation in larvae are not completely understood. In this study, field-based collections of Crepidula fornicata larvae in 2017 motivated a laboratory experiment on carryover effects in 2019. Experimental conditions that approximated environmental conditions experienced by mothers in the field were used to test whether seasonal environmental variations during brooding could lead to differences in larval size and the time to develop to competency. Mothers were kept in 2 different temperature and feeding treatments during brooding, but larvae were cultured in a common garden. Larvae that were brooded at spring temperatures (~13°C) took longer to develop to competency in the common garden and grew larger before becoming competent than larvae brooded at warmer summer temperatures (~21°C). There was no effect of maternal feeding (fed or not fed) on time to develop to competency or larval size. Thus, C. fornicata larvae released earlier in the year are likely to spend longer periods in the water column. They may disperse farther and grow to larger size before settlement. C. fornicata is a model species for larval biology. The results of this study can be used to inform biophysical modelling efforts and refine predictions of connectivity or species range shifts in a changing climate.

Marine Invertebrate Larvae: Model Life Histories for Development, Ecology, and Evolution

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

We provide a conceptual framework for studies of the developmental and evolutionary ecology of marine invertebrate larvae and illustrate how contributions to this volume demonstrate both past achievements and the future fecundity of this research program. Our conceptual framework is anchored in the idea of model life histories, which is a category of investigation similar to but distinct from model organisms or model clades. Marine invertebrate larvae constitute a coherent, structured research program as model life histories that represent developmental, ecological, and evolutionary processes in different ways. They facilitate interdisciplinary investigation that integrates different approaches to diverse research questions about developmental mechanisms, evolutionary history, and adaptation, as well as providing a window on alterations of the marine environment due to anthropogenic climate change. Success in studies of model life histories provides a strong case for sustained professional, institutional, and financial support to carry these endeavors forward.

Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Larval Ecology ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Pelagic Environment ◽  
Fundamental Phenomenon ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

For more than a century, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, and oceanographers alike have been intellectually stimulated by marine invertebrate larval forms. In 1995, Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, edited by the late Dr. Larry McEdward, captured the fundamental phenomenon and tremendous diversity of reproductive, biological, and oceanographic aspects of larval ecology. Now, more than twenty years later, this current edited volume provides an update to many of the original 13 chapters, while also reviewing several braches of larval ecology and evolution that have developed since. In Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, authors review the origins of marine invertebrate larvae and the developmental mechanisms and ecological factors that may generate this great diversity, and how these microscopic organisms feed, develop, and behave in the pelagic environment. Whether actively swimming in the coastal seas or the deep abyss, larvae are often in motion and must settle on the seafloor; however, if delayed, they are susceptible to a multitude of consequences later in life. Now, in an age of change, larvae face a warmer, more acidic, and more toxic ocean than ever before. Responses to these stressors plus many other facets of larval biology can be broadly profiled, thanks to current technological advances. This edited volume provides a major synthesis of an important interdisciplinary field. It aims to foster stimulating discussions centered on the evolution and ecology of marine invertebrate larvae.

Physiology of Larval Feeding

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

The functional properties of marine invertebrate larvae represent the sum of the physiological activities of the individual, the interdependence among cells making up the whole, and the correct positioning of cells within the larval body. This chapter examines physiological aspects of nutrient acquisition, digestion, assimilation, and distribution within invertebrate larvae from an organismic and comparative perspective. Growth and development of larvae obviously require the acquisition of “food.” Yet the mechanisms where particulate or dissolved organic materials are converted into biomass and promote development of larvae differ and are variably known among groups. Differences in the physiology of the digestive system (secreted enzymes, gut transit time, and assimilation) within and among feeding larvae suggest the possibility of an underappreciated plasticity of digestive physiology. How the ingestion of seawater by and the existence of a circulatory system within larvae contribute to larval growth and development represent important topics for future research.

scholarly journals Life histories of an invasive and native ladybird under field experimental conditions in a temperate climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lidwien Raak-van den Berg ◽  
Peter W. de Jong ◽  
Gerrit Gort ◽  
Bryan F.J. Manly ◽  
Joop C. van Lenteren
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The induction of metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae: stimulus and response

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae ◽  
Induction Of Metamorphosis

The induction of metamorphosis by environmentally derived cues is reviewed in barnacles, molluscs, hydroids, echinoids, and ascidians in the context of the neurological and behavioral model of stimulus and response. The model proposes that cues associated with preferred juvenile or adult habitats are the stimuli. Stimuli are received by receptors that communicate with the effectors of metamorphosis, larval and adult tissues. The response is a combination of morphogenetic, histolytic, and histogenic processes. Receptors in all five taxa are assumed to be superficial sensory receptors, though there is no direct evidence for their involvement in the perception of cues. Although the induction of metamorphosis by environmental cues in all five taxa fits well within a stimulus–response model, there is currently only circumstantial evidence for neural or endocrine control of metamorphosis.

Size-Specific Predation on Marine Invertebrate Larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

scholarly journals A role for adenosine in metabolic depression in the marine invertebrate Sipunculus nudus

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. R350-R356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reipschlager ◽  
G. E. Nilsson ◽  
H. O. Portner
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Metabolic Depression ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Sipunculus Nudus ◽  
Body Wall Musculature ◽  
Concentration Changes

Involvement of neurotransmitters in metabolic depression under hypoxia and hypercapnia was examined in Sipunculus nudus. Concentration changes of several putative neurotransmitters in nervous tissue during anoxic or hypercapnic exposure or during combined anoxia and hypercapnia were determined. Among amino acids (gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine, taurine, serine, and aspartate) and monoamines (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine), some changes were significant, but none were consistent with metabolic depression under all experimental conditions applied. Only the neuromodulator adenosine displayed concentration changes in accordance with metabolic depression under all experimental conditions. Levels increased during anoxia, during hypercapnia, and to an even greater extent during anoxic hypercapnia. Adenosine infusions into coelomic fluid via an indwelling catheter induced a significant depression of the normocapnic rate of O2 consumption from 0.36 +/- 0.04 to a minimum of 0.24 +/- 0.02 (SE) mumol.g-1.h-1 after 90 min (n = 6). Application of the adenosine antagonist theophylline caused a transient rise in O2 consumption 30 min after infusion during hypercapnia but not during normocapnia. Effects of adenosine and theophylline were observed in intact individuals but not in isolated body wall musculature. The results provide evidence for a role of adenosine in inducing metabolic depression in S. nudus, probably through the established effects of decreasing neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. In consideration of our previous finding that metabolic depression in isolated body wall musculature was elicited by extracellular acidosis, it is concluded that central and cellular mechanisms combine to contribute to the overall reduction in metabolic rate in S. nudus.

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