Inter-individual differences in the foraging behavior of breeding Adélie penguins are driven by individual quality and sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
A Lescroël ◽  
PO’B Lyver ◽  
D Jongsomjit ◽  
S Veloz ◽  
KM Dugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Experience ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
Adélie Penguins

Inter-individual differences in demographic traits of iteroparous species can arise through learning and maturation, as well as from permanent differences in individual ‘quality’ and sex-specific constraints. As the ability to acquire energy determines the resources an individual can allocate to reproduction and self-maintenance, foraging behavior is a key trait to study to better understand the mechanisms underlying these differences. So far, most seabird studies have focused on the effect of maturation and learning processes on foraging performance, while only a few have included measures of individual quality. Here, we investigated the effects of age, breeding experience, sex, and individual breeding quality on the foraging behavior and location of 83 known-age Adélie penguins at Cape Bird, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Over a 2 yr period, we showed that (1) high-quality birds dived deeper than lower quality ones, apparently catching a higher number of prey per dive and targeting different foraging locations; (2) females performed longer foraging trips and a higher number of dives compared to males; (3) there were no significant age-related differences in foraging behavior; and (4) breeding experience had a weak influence on foraging behavior. We suggest that high-quality individuals have higher physiological ability, enabling them to dive deeper and forage more effectively. Further inquiry should focus on determining the physiological differences among penguins of different quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Flipper Bands on Foraging Behavior and Survival of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis Adeliae)

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Dugger ◽  
Grant Ballard ◽  
David G. Ainley ◽  
Kerry J. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Adélie Penguins

Abstract Since the 1950s, flipper bands have been used widely to mark penguins (Spheniscidae), but not without concerns regarding possible negative effects on survival and fitness. As part of a demographic study of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, we investigated effects of flipper bands on foraging-trip duration and food loads, as well as apparent survival, during four breeding seasons (2000-2003), using mark-recapture and radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. Foraging-trip durations were ∼8% (3.5 h) longer, on average, for banded compared with unbanded birds, but the effect varied among years. Food loads did not differ between banded and unbanded birds, but males carried heavier food loads than females. Flipper bands decreased apparent annual survival by 11–13% during 2000-2003, but over a longer time period (1996-2003) we observed high annual variability, including years of high survival for banded birds. Males had slightly higher survival than females in both banded and unbanded birds. Mechanisms resulting in band effects on foraging behavior and survival, the variable effect of bands by season, and the potential ameliorating effect of age or experience on the effects of bands need further investigation in Adélie and other penguin species. We recognize a need to understand and balance the negative consequences of flipper bands for penguins against the beneficial gains in information associated with their use. Effets du Baguage à l'Aileron sur le Comportement de Recherche Alimentaire et la Survie de Pygoscelis adeliae

Intra-seasonal variation in foraging behavior among Adélie penguins (Pygocelis adeliae) breeding at Cape Hallett, Ross Sea, Antarctica

Polar Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O’B. Lyver ◽  
C. J. MacLeod ◽  
G. Ballard ◽  
B. J. Karl ◽  
K. J. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Adélie Penguins

scholarly journals Health Among Sexual Minority Older Adults: Individual Differences and Implications for Improving Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 860-860
Author(s):  
Britney Wardecker ◽  
Cara Exten
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Age Related

Abstract The number of sexual minority (SM) older adults is increasing rapidly, yet this population continues to be underrepresented in research (Fredriksen-Goldsen & Kim, 2017) and experiences significant disparities in health and health care access (Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016; Wallace et al., 2011). In the current symposium, we analyze data from U.S. national probability samples of middle-aged and older adults (MIDUS, HRS, NESARC-III) to consider how age-related concerns and challenges may be experienced differently by SM individuals compared to their heterosexual counterparts. This symposium includes novel methods and statistical tools, such as daily diary assessments, multilevel modeling, and time-varying effects models. Individual presentations evaluate how: (1) SM women, compared to heterosexual women, may respond differently to menopause through norms and values surrounding womanhood; (2) midlife and older SM individuals use alcohol and cigarettes more frequently across a typical week than their heterosexual counterparts, though their substance use may not be tied to common triggers (e.g., negative mood, stress); (3) despite bisexual older adults reporting more health problems compared to lesbian and gay counterparts, they are less prepared for health concerns and crises (e.g., reporting a lower number of valid wills); and (4) the prevalence of depression and anxiety varies across age, such that older SM adults—especially women—are particularly vulnerable to psychological health problems. These presentations collectively examine complex issues facing older SM adults while emphasizing individual differences (i.e., women’s concerns, bisexual people’s issues). We discuss challenges in researching this growing at-risk population, and we highlight areas of future research and intervention.

Individual Differences and Age-Related Changes in Time-Sharing Ability of Aviators

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Braune ◽  
Christopher D. Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Negative Evidence ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
General Slowing

Performance in single task and dual task configurations was examined across four different age groups to determine the presence of an attention deficit hypothesis with increasing chronological age. Although a general slowing of performance could be shown no interaction between age and dual task loadings could be observed which is interpreted as negative evidence for the attention deficit hypothesis. A separate analysis revealed individual differences in time-sharing ability within age groups to be a significant factor in dual task performance.

scholarly journals Brain charts for the human lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A.I. Bethlehem ◽  
Jakob Seidlitz ◽  
Simon R. White ◽  
Jacob W. Vogel ◽  
Kevin M. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Genetic Heritability ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mri Study

Over the past 25 years, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, there are no reference standards against which to anchor measures of individual differences in brain morphology, in contrast to growth charts for traits such as height and weight. Here, we built an interactive online resource (www.brainchart.io) to quantify individual differences in brain structure from any current or future magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, against models of expected age-related trends. With the goal of basing these on the largest and most inclusive dataset, we aggregated MRI data spanning 115 days post-conception through 100 postnatal years, totaling 122,123 scans from 100,071 individuals in over 100 studies across 6 continents. When quantified as centile scores relative to the reference models, individual differences show high validity with non-MRI brain growth estimates and high stability across longitudinal assessment. Centile scores helped identify previously unreported brain developmental milestones and demonstrated increased genetic heritability compared to non-centiled MRI phenotypes. Crucially for the study of brain disorders, centile scores provide a standardised and interpretable measure of deviation that reveals new patterns of neuroanatomical differences across neurological and psychiatric disorders emerging during development and ageing. In sum, brain charts for the human lifespan are an essential first step towards robust, standardised quantification of individual variation and for characterizing deviation from age-related trends. Our global collaborative study provides such an anchorpoint for basic neuroimaging research and will facilitate implementation of research-based standards in clinical studies.

scholarly journals Rapid Perceptual Learning: A Potential Source of Individual Differences in Speech Perception Under Adverse Conditions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 233121652093054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Rotman ◽  
Limor Lavie ◽  
Karen Banai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

Challenging listening situations (e.g., when speech is rapid or noisy) result in substantial individual differences in speech perception. We propose that rapid auditory perceptual learning is one of the factors contributing to those individual differences. To explore this proposal, we assessed rapid perceptual learning of time-compressed speech in young adults with normal hearing and in older adults with age-related hearing loss. We also assessed the contribution of this learning as well as that of hearing and cognition (vocabulary, working memory, and selective attention) to the recognition of natural-fast speech (NFS; both groups) and speech in noise (younger adults). In young adults, rapid learning and vocabulary were significant predictors of NFS and speech in noise recognition. In older adults, hearing thresholds, vocabulary, and rapid learning were significant predictors of NFS recognition. In both groups, models that included learning fitted the speech data better than models that did not include learning. Therefore, under adverse conditions, rapid learning may be one of the skills listeners could employ to support speech recognition.

scholarly journals A Multiscale Review of Behavioral Variation in Collective Foraging Behavior in Honey Bees

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Lemanski ◽  
Chelsea N. Cook ◽  
Brian H. Smith ◽  
Noa Pinter-Wollman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Model System ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Collective Foraging ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of collective behavior from local interactions is a widespread phenomenon in social groups. Previous models of collective behavior have largely overlooked the impact of variation among individuals within the group on collective dynamics. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide an excellent model system for exploring the role of individual differences in collective behavior due to their high levels of individual variation and experimental tractability. In this review, we explore the causes and consequences of individual variation in behavior for honey bee foraging across multiple scales of organization. We summarize what is currently known about the genetic, developmental, and neurophysiological causes of individual differences in learning and memory among honey bees, as well as the consequences of this variation for collective foraging behavior and colony fitness. We conclude with suggesting promising future directions for exploration of the genetic and physiological underpinnings of individual differences in behavior in this model system.

scholarly journals Females prefer extra-pair males that are older and better hunters

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hromada ◽  
Marcin Antczak ◽  
Piotr Tryjanowski
Keyword(s):  
Mate Selection ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Nuptial Gifts ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Grey Shrike ◽  
Older Males

AbstractAge of male is an important cue in mate selection, including extra-pair copulations; different phenotypic and behavioural traits are known to be age related. Paternity studies show that older males predominate as fathers of extra-pair young. It remains unclear if females actively choose older males because they possess high quality traits or because older males are more successful in coercing fertile females. We experimentally provided mounted males of different age (yearling vs. adult) of great grey shrike Lanius excubitor with nuptial gifts of different quality (vole vs. cricket) and observed reactions of females and their social partners. Females strongly preferred older males with energy-rich nuptial gifts. The reactions of females’ social partner to the extra-pair male did not differ significantly amongst experimental groups. However, males responded to the reaction of their mates and male aggressive behaviour increased when their mate showed an interest in an intruder.

scholarly journals Individual and group level personality change across the lifespan in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála Turcsán ◽  
Lisa Wallis ◽  
Judit Berczik ◽  
Friederike Range ◽  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Random Fashion ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
Related Personality

Abstract In humans, age-related changes in personality occur in a non-random fashion with respect to their direction, timing, and magnitude. In dogs, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the detailed dynamics of age-related personality changes. We analysed the personality of 217 Border collies aged from 0.5 to 15 years both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using a test battery, to specify age periods when changes most prominently occur, assess the magnitude of changes, and analyse individual differences in personality change. We found that similar to humans, changes in personality occur unevenly during the dogs’ life course, however, their dynamics seems to be specific for each trait. Activity-independence decreased mostly from puppyhood (0.5–1 years) to adolescence (> 1–2 years), then continued to decrease in a slowing rate. Novelty seeking did not change markedly until middle age (> 3–6 years), then showed a steady linear decrease. Problem orientation increased strongly until middle age then showed no marked changes in later age periods. We also revealed individual differences in personality change over time, and showed that a few individuals with potential age-related impairments significantly affected the general age trajectory of some traits. These results raise caution against the over-generalisation of global age trends in dogs.

A 45,000 yr record of Adélie penguins and climate change in the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Geology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Emslie ◽  
Larry Coats ◽  
Kathy Licht
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Adélie Penguins
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