scholarly journals Bio-optical properties and radiative energy budgets in fed and unfed scleractinian corals (Pocillopora sp.) during thermal bleaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Lyndby ◽  
JB Holm ◽  
D Wangpraseurt ◽  
C Ferrier-Pagès ◽  
M Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Thermal Bleaching

scholarly journals Bio-optical properties and radiative energy budgets in fed and starved scleractinian corals (Pocillopora damicornis) during thermal bleaching

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Heidelberg Lyndby ◽  
Jacob Boiesen Holm ◽  
Daniel Wangpraseurt ◽  
Christine Ferrier-Pagès ◽  
Michael Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Thermal Bleaching ◽  
Active Feeding ◽  
Coral Health

AbstractCorals achieve outstanding photosynthetic quantum efficiencies approaching theoretical limits (i.e. 0.125 O2 photon-1) and it is unknown how such photosynthetic efficiency varies with environmental stress. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of thermal stress and active feeding on the radiative energy budget and photosynthetic efficiency of the symbiont-bearing coral Pocillopora damicornis by using fiber-optic and electrochemical microsensors in combination with variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. At normal temperature (25°C), the percentage of absorbed light energy used for photosynthesis was higher for fed (~5-6% under low light exposure) compared to unfed corals (4%). Corals from both feeding treatments responded equally to stress from high light exposure (2400 μmol photons m-2 s-1), exhibiting a decrease in photosynthetic energy efficiency down to 0.5-0.6%. Fed corals showed increased resilience against thermal bleaching compared to unfed corals, as fed corals were able to uphold their high photosynthetic energy efficiency for 5 days longer during thermal stress, as compared to unfed corals, which decreased their photosynthetic energy efficiency almost immediately when exposed to thermal stress. We conclude that active feeding is beneficial to corals by prolonging coral health and resilience during thermal stress as a result of an overall healthier symbiont population.

scholarly journals The Global Radiative Energy Budget in MERRA and MERRA-2: Evaluation with Respect to CERES EBAF Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1973-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Hinkelman
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Marine Stratocumulus ◽  
Radiative Fluxes ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Errors Analysis

The representation of the long-term radiative energy budgets in NASA’s MERRA and MERRA-2 reanalyses has been evaluated, emphasizing changes associated with the reanalysis system update. Data from the CERES EBAF Edition 2.8 satellite product over 2001–15 were used as a reference. For both MERRA and MERRA-2, the climatological global means of most TOA radiative flux terms agree to within ~3 W m−2 of EBAF. However, MERRA-2’s all-sky reflected shortwave flux is ~7 W m−2 higher than either MERRA or EBAF’s, resulting in a net TOA flux imbalance of −4 W m−2. At the surface, all-sky downward longwave fluxes are problematic for both reanalyses, while high clear-sky downward shortwave fluxes indicate that their atmospheres are too transmissive. Although MERRA-2’s individual all-sky flux terms agree better with EBAF, its net flux agreement is worse (−8.3 vs −3.3 W m−2 for MERRA) because MERRA benefits from cancellation of errors. Analysis by region and surface type gives mixed outcomes. The results consistently indicate that clouds are overrepresented over the tropical oceans in both reanalyses, particularly MERRA-2, and somewhat underrepresented in marine stratocumulus areas. MERRA-2 also exhibits signs of excess cloudiness in the Southern Ocean. Notable discrepancies occur in the polar regions, where the effects of snow and ice cover are important. In most cases, MERRA-2 better represents variability and trends in the global mean radiative fluxes over the period of analysis. Overall, the performance of MERRA-2 relative to MERRA is mixed; there is still room for improvement in the radiative fluxes in this family of reanalysis products.

Satellite remote sensing of fires, smoke, and regional radiative energy budgets over South America and Africa

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jianglong Zhang ◽  
Sundar A. Christopher ◽  
Joyce Chou ◽  
Ronald M. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
South America ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Energy Budgets

Impact of excess and harmful radiation on energy budgets in scleractinian corals

2011 ◽  
Vol 222 (7) ◽  
pp. 1315-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Eynaud ◽  
Roger M. Nisbet ◽  
Erik B. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Harmful Radiation
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