scholarly journals Effect of suspended sediments on the pumping rates of three species of glass sponge in situ

2019 ◽  
Vol 615 ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Grant ◽  
E Matveev ◽  
AS Kahn ◽  
SK Archer ◽  
A Dunham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Glass Sponge ◽  
Pumping Rates

Inferring suspended sediment carbon content and particle size at high frequency from the optical response of a submerged spectrometer 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Sehgal ◽  
Núria Martínez-Carreras ◽  
Christophe Hissler ◽  
Victor Bense ◽  
AJF (Ton) Hoitink
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Component Form

<p>Manual and unattended sampling in the field and laboratory analysis are common practices to measure suspended sediment (SS) carbon content and particle size. However, one of the major drawbacks of these ex-situ methods is that they make high frequency measurements challenging. This includes restricted data collection due to limited access to the sampling locations during turbulent conditions or high flows, when the largest amount of sediments is transported downstream, introducing uncertainty in quantification of SS properties (particle size and carbon content) and sediment loads. Knowledge on SS carbon content and particle size is also important to better understand the multi-component form of suspended sediments (i.e. flocs) that directly affect sediment transport and other sediment properties (e.g. settling velocity and density). Moreover, SS carbon content and particle size exert an impact on the optical sensor readings that are traditionally used to measure turbidity. In that respect, high frequency measurements of SS carbon content and particle size could eventually help us to move from ‘local’ calibrations towards ‘global’ dependencies based on in-situ SS characterization.</p><p>In this study, we propose to use a submerged UV-VIS spectrometer to infer SS carbon content and particle size. The sensor measures the entire light absorption spectrum of water between 200 nm and 750 nm at sampling intervals as short as 2-minutes. To this end, we first test our approach under controlled conditions with an experimental laboratory setup consisting of a cylindrical tank (40-L) with an open top. An UV-VIS spectrometer and a LISST-200X sensor (to measure particle size distribution) are installed horizontally. A stirrer facilitates the homogeneous mixing of SS and prevents the settling of heavy particles at the bottom. We use the sediments sampled from 6 sites in Luxembourg with contrasting composition and representing different land use types and geological settings. The sampled sediments were wet sieved into 3 size classes to clearly recognize the effect of particle size on absorption. In our investigation, we use specific wavelengths, chemometric techniques and carbon content specific absorbance indices to infer SS composition and particle size from the absorption spectrum. Results are then validated using in-situ field data from two instrumented field sites in Luxembourg. Amid the challenge of associating laboratory and field results, the preliminary results indicate that the absorption spectrum measured with a submerged UV-VIS spectrometer can be used to estimate SS particle size and carbon content.</p>

scholarly journals Retrieving Total and Inorganic Suspended Sediments in Amazon Floodplain Lakes: A Multisensor Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Maciel ◽  
Evlyn Novo ◽  
Lino Sander de Carvalho ◽  
Cláudio Barbosa ◽  
Rogério Flores Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Floodplain Lakes ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Amazon Floodplain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentinel 2

Remote sensing imagery are fundamental to increasing the knowledge about sediment dynamics in the middle-lower Amazon floodplains. Moreover, they can help to understand both how climate change and how land use and land cover changes impact the sediment exchange between the Amazon River and floodplain lakes in this important and complex ecosystem. This study investigates the suitability of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 spectral characteristics in retrieving total (TSS) and inorganic (TSI) suspended sediments on a set of Amazon floodplain lakes in the middle-lower Amazon basin using in situ Remote Sensing Reflectance (Rrs) measurements to simulate Landsat 8/OLI (Operational Land Imager) and Sentinel 2/MSI (Multispectral Instrument) bands and to calibrate/validate several TSS and TSI empirical algorithms. The calibration was based on the Monte Carlo Simulation carried out for the following datasets: (1) All-Dataset, consisting of all the data acquired during four field campaigns at five lakes spread over the lower Amazon floodplain (n = 94); (2) Campaign-Dataset including samples acquired in a specific hydrograph phase (season) in all lakes. As sample size varied from one season to the other, n varied from 18 to 31; (3) Lake-Dataset including samples acquired in all seasons at a given lake with n also varying from 17 to 67 for each lake. The calibrated models were, then, applied to OLI and MSI scenes acquired in August 2017. The performance of three atmospheric correction algorithms was also assessed for both OLI (6S, ACOLITE, and L8SR) and MSI (6S, ACOLITE, and Sen2Cor) images. The impact of glint correction on atmosphere-corrected image performance was assessed against in situ glint-corrected Rrs measurements. After glint correction, the L8SR and 6S atmospheric correction performed better with the OLI and MSI sensors, respectively (Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) = 16.68% and 14.38%) considering the entire set of bands. However, for a given single band, different methods have different performances. The validated TSI and TSS satellite estimates showed that both in situ TSI and TSS algorithms provided reliable estimates, having the best results for the green OLI band (561 nm) and MSI red-edge band (705 nm) (MAPE < 21%). Moreover, the findings indicate that the OLI and MSI models provided similar errors, which support the use of both sensors as a virtual constellation for the TSS and TSI estimate over an Amazon floodplain. These results demonstrate the applicability of the calibration/validation techniques developed for the empirical modeling of suspended sediments in lower Amazon floodplain lakes using medium-resolution sensors.

scholarly journals Using Optical Water Types to Monitor Changes in Optically Complex Inland and Coastal Waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Uudeberg ◽  
Ilmar Ansko ◽  
Getter Põru ◽  
Ave Ansper ◽  
Anu Reinart
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Water Color ◽  
Sentinel 2

The European Space Agency’s Copernicus satellites Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 provide observations with high spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution which can be used to monitor inland and coastal waters. Such waters are optically complex, and the water color may vary from completely clear to dark brown. The main factors influencing water color are colored dissolved organic matter, phytoplankton, and suspended sediments. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of the optical water type (OWT) classification in the remote sensing of ocean color. Such classification helps to clarify relationships between different properties inside a certain class and quantify variation between classes. In this study, we present a new OWT classification based on the in situ measurements of reflectance spectra for boreal region lakes and coastal areas without extreme optical conditions. This classification divides waters into five OWT (Clear, Moderate, Turbid, Very Turbid, and Brown) and shows that different OWTs have different remote sensing reflectance spectra and that each OWT is associated with a specific bio-optical condition. Developed OWTs are distinguishable by both the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) and the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensors, and the accuracy of the OWT assignment was 95% for both the MSI and OLCI bands. To determine OWT from MSI images, we tested different atmospheric correction (AC) processors, namely ACOLITE, C2RCC, POLYMER, and Sen2Cor and for OLCI images, we tested AC processors ALTNNA, C2RCC, and L2. The C2RCC AC processor was the most accurate and reliable for use with MSI and OLCI images to estimate OWTs.

Particle size distribution of river-suspended sediments determined by in situ measured remote-sensing reflectance

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 6367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhi Zhang ◽  
Zhaojun Huang ◽  
Chuqun Chen ◽  
Yijun He ◽  
Tingchen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Remote Sensing Reflectance

Turbidity sensor response to seasonal and spatial variability of suspended particle composition in open clear waters –(Portuguese continental shelf)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabela Oliveira ◽  
Ana Isabel Santos ◽  
Rita Santos ◽  
Nuno Zacarias
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Signal Sensitivity

&lt;p&gt;As part of AQUIMAR project (MAR2020 n&amp;#186; MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-017 &amp;#8211; AQUIMAR &amp;#8211; Carateriza&amp;#231;&amp;#227;o geral das &amp;#225;reas aqu&amp;#237;colas para estabelecimento de culturas marinhas), intensive CTD surveys and turbidity/concentration data were collected in four cruises along the Portuguese continental shelf (30-200m depth), in 5 aquaculture areas from 2018 to 2020. In-situ calibration of the turbidity sensor (Seapoint Turbidity Meter) was done using the traditional gravimetric method of suspended sediments concentration (SSC) determination with water sampling and filtering. The obtained FTU/SSC relations resulted in correlations in the order of R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=70-80% for all considered surveys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Measured turbidity and concentration values, were generally very low (&lt;2 FTU and &lt;2 mg/l) for all measuring periods, however variations of the FTU/SSC sensitivity between the different areas indicate that significant variations of suspended matter composition exist throughout the Portuguese continental shelf.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study aims to understand the seasonal and spatial variations of the turbidity signal sensitivity to SSC. To this end, a closer look will be given to samples collected during two contrasting seasonal periods (spring and late autumn 2019), as well as to the general water column structure at the time of the sample collection. Additionally, results from X-Ray diffraction analysis performed in some of the filtered samples will be used to better understand the variations of the suspended sediment composition in open clear waters. The mineralogical signal shows a dominance of clay minerals in suspension (mean 83%) and calcite (mean 10%), reflecting the detritic and organic fraction of SSC, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

Suspended sediment causes feeding current arrests in situ in the glass sponge Aphrocallistes vastus

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Grant ◽  
Eugueni Matveev ◽  
Amanda S. Kahn ◽  
Sally P. Leys
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Glass Sponge

The acoustic properties of in-situ measured suspended sediments and their implications on concurrent ADCP response – Case studies of the Portuguese inner shelf

2020 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 106079
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Santos ◽  
Anabela Oliveira ◽  
Dora Carinhas ◽  
José Paulo Pinto ◽  
Nuno Zacarias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Inner Shelf
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document