scholarly journals Piscivory in age-0 summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus with a focus on predator-induced mortality of post-settlement winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus

2019 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
DL Taylor ◽  
KJ Cribari ◽  
A Scro
Keyword(s):  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Summer Flounder ◽  
Paralichthys Dentatus

Bycatch Reduction in Massachusetts Inshore Squid (Loligo pealeii) Trawl Fisheries

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Glass ◽  
Benedetta Sarno ◽  
Gregory D. Morris ◽  
Henry O. Milliken ◽  
H. Arnold Carr
Keyword(s):  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Summer Flounder ◽  
Paralichthys Dentatus ◽  
Bycatch Reduction ◽  
Loligo Pealeii ◽  
Trawl Fisheries ◽  
Swimming Endurance ◽  
Forward Part ◽  
Fishery Species ◽  
High Catch

Small-mesh fishing for squid in Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds during the spring seasonal fishery result in high catch and discard of undersized flounder and scup, both important commercial and recreational fishery species. This study was designed to assess the extent of bycatch and discard in the Loligo pealeii squid inshore fishery and to describe and document the behavior patterns of squid and nontarget fish in relation to fishing gear. Bycatch rates vary spatially and temporally but over 30% by weight of total catch are discarded at sea. The main bycatch and discard species comprise flatfish (summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus and winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus), scup (Stenotomus chrysops) and butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus). Videotape recordings and behavioral analysis of squid reactions have shown that squid display classical herding behavior and considerable swimming endurance in the forward part of the net. Loligo are shown to rise when dropping back towards the codend and in some cases to turn and rise on tiring. This behavior may be used to separate squid from the main bycatch species. Separator trawl test-trials have demonstrated that clear separation between squid and bycatch species can be achieved by simple gear modifications.

scholarly journals Composition and Intraspecific Variability in Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) Diets in a Eutrophic Estuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cernadas-Martín ◽  
Konstantine J. Rountos ◽  
Janet A. Nye ◽  
Michael G. Frisk ◽  
Ellen K. Pikitch
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Summer Flounder ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Paralichthys Dentatus

This study assessed the diet of Summer flounder (SF, Paralichthys dentatus) in Shinnecock Bay, NY. Summer flounder are a recreationally and commercially important marine flatfish species found along the Eastern United States coastline. Despite their importance, few studies have examined the trophodynamics of a broad size spectrum of this species. Diet composition of summer flounder (n = 88) was assessed from 2014 to 2016 throughout Shinnecock Bay, a eutrophic bar-built estuary in New York. Species consumed and diet species richness differed significantly amongst SF size classes, with large [≥375 mm total length (TL)] and medium (>225: <375 mm) summer flounder showing higher levels of piscivory and more diverse diets than small-sized (≤225 mm) conspecifics. As voracious plastic predators, trends in annual and monthly diet variation generally followed prey availability in Shinnecock Bay. One exception to this general pattern occurred for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). Despite their low relative abundance in the bay, winter flounder was highly preferred as prey by summer flounder (Chesson index, α = 0.35) and was their predominant prey item accounting for 12.3% (SD ± 3.9%) of the diet by weight. Other factors that explained the variability of the diet of summer flounder were year, month, dissolved oxygen concentration, bay region and habitat, with a cumulative variance of 10.3%. Interestingly, clear differences in the diet (i.e., species richness and abundance) of summer flounder were found within regions of Shinnecock Bay, with a decrease in teleost biomass and species richness observed in the western region where water quality is more degraded and less seagrass is available compared to the more pristine eastern region. Distinct trophic dynamics in degraded habitats suggests fundamentally different food webs that could have important consequences to ecosystem stability and resilience. As coastal areas continue to experience degradation, diet studies of economically and ecologically important species can aid in the development of effective ecosystem-based management plans.

The Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Long Pond, Conception Bay, Newfoundland

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Kennedy ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Conception Bay

Monthly samples of winter flounder taken in Long Pond from November 1962 to October 1963 indicated that the flounder moved into deeper water (7–10 m) during the summer and returned to shallow water (1–2 m) from September to June. These movements corresponded to the end of the spawning season and the ripening of the gonads respectively. Spawning occurred from March until early June, most of it in May and early June. Most males were mature at age 6 and most females at age 7. Fifty percent of the males and females were mature at 21 and 25 cm respectively. The growth rates of the males and females were similar until the age of 8, after which the females apparently outgrew the males. Early growth and fecundity were similar to those reported for other areas. No feeding took place in December or January but the flounder fed in March and continued to feed throughout the summer; food intake decreased in the fall. They were omnivorous and the type of food eaten varied with the locality. Polychaetes, plant material, and molluscs were the most common food items throughout the year. Capelin eggs and fish remains were found only during a few months of the year but were eaten in great quantities.

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