Climate change implications for reproductive success: temperature effect on penis development in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides

2019 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
M Herrera ◽  
DS Wethey ◽  
E Vázquez ◽  
G Macho
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Semibalanus Balanoides

The impacts of climate change on marine turtle reproductive success

2014 ◽  
pp. 287-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Hawkes ◽  
Annette C. Broderick ◽  
Matthew H. Godfrey ◽  
Brendan J. Godley ◽  
Matthew J. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Physiology and Reproductive Success of a Montane Leaf Beetle: Implications for Persistence of Native Populations Enduring Climate Change

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Dahlhoff ◽  
Shannon L. Fearnley ◽  
Douglas A. Bruce ◽  
Allen G. Gibbs ◽  
Robin Stoneking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

scholarly journals Climate Change Freezes Mountain Wildflower Reproduction

Eos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
New Research

New research provides evidence that plants that flower earlier in the year because of climate warming experience more frost damage and have less reproductive success.

scholarly journals Experimental Test of the Combined Effects of Water Availability and Flowering Time on Pollinator Visitation and Seed Set

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kate Gallagher ◽  
Diane R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success

Climate change is likely to alter both flowering phenology and water availability for plants. Either of these changes alone can affect pollinator visitation and plant reproductive success. The relative impacts of phenology and water, and whether they interact in their impacts on plant reproductive success remain, however, largely unexplored. We manipulated flowering phenology and soil moisture in a factorial experiment with the subalpine perennial Mertensia ciliata (Boraginaceae). We examined responses of floral traits, floral abundance, pollinator visitation, and composition of visits by bumblebees vs. other pollinators. To determine the net effects on plant reproductive success, we also measured seed production and seed mass. Reduced water led to shorter, narrower flowers that produced less nectar. Late flowering plants produced fewer and shorter flowers. Both flowering phenology and water availability influenced pollination and reproductive success. Differences in flowering phenology had greater effects on pollinator visitation than did changes in water availability, but the reverse was true for seed production and mass, which were enhanced by greater water availability. The probability of receiving a flower visit declined over the season, coinciding with a decline in floral abundance in the arrays. Among plants receiving visits, both the visitation rate and percent of non-bumblebee visitors declined after the first week and remained low until the final week. We detected interactions of phenology and water on pollinator visitor composition, in which plants subject to drought were the only group to experience a late-season resurgence in visits by solitary bees and flies. Despite that interaction, net reproductive success measured as seed production responded additively to the two manipulations of water and phenology. Commonly observed declines in flower size and reward due to drought or shifts in phenology may not necessarily result in reduced plant reproductive success, which in M. ciliata responded more directly to water availability. The results highlight the need to go beyond studying single responses to climate changes, such as either phenology of a single species or how it experiences an abiotic factor, in order to understand how climate change may affect plant reproductive success.

scholarly journals Extreme Weather and the Reproductive Success of a Long-lived Pelagic Seabird.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bryony Baker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fledging Success ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Manx Shearwater

Seabirds are in decline globally and climate change is likely to increase the pressure on already struggling species. The indirect effects of climate change are widely studied, they have been shown to have a significant effect on both seabird survival and reproductive success, but the direct effects are less well understood. Climate predictions suggest that one of the direct effects, extreme weather, is predicted to increase in both frequency and intensity. Skomer Island is the largest Manx Shearwater colony in the world and the population has been increasing over recent decades, but the specific effects of extreme weather on reproductive success are unknown. This study compared the effects of average and extreme weather conditions on Manx Shearwater reproductive success, taking into account the effect of known breeding pairs and the potential effects of individual experience. It also considered the effect of inter-specific competition between shearwaters and Atlantic puffins on shearwater reproductive success. This study found that colony-level reproductive success showed no significant trend over the study period of 1995-2019, however fledging success showed a significant decline. When individual-level analysis was carried out no such trend was found: experienced breeders may be more likely to successfully raise a chick. Extreme weather was shown to have significant effects on reproductive success at the individual-level, particularly on fledging success, but this did not cause a significant decrease in fledging success over the study period. Population estimates show that shearwaters are increasing on Skomer and it is clear that weather, extreme or not, is not currently the most significant factor in determining reproductive success of Manx Shearwaters. This study also found no evidence that puffins are influencing the reproductive success of Manx Shearwaters on Skomer Island. The effects of climate change, indirect and direct, will interact and have many complex effects, especially if predictions regarding future climate change are met. Extreme weather and the effects of demography can only be studied where long- term datasets exist, therefore projects such as this are vital for ongoing seabird research and conservation.

scholarly journals Modelling effects of acid deposition and climate change on soil and run-off chemistry at Risdalsheia, Norway

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Mol-Dijkstra ◽  
H. Kros
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Run Off

Abstract. Elevated carbon dioxide levels, caused by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and higher temperature may lead to increased plant growth and uptake of nitrogen, but increased temperature may lead to increased nitrogen mineralisation causing enhanced nitrogen leaching. The overall result of both counteracting effects is largely unknown. To gain insight into the long-term effects, the geochemical model SMART2 was applied using data from the catchment-scale experiments of the RAIN and CLIMEX projects, conducted on boreal forest ecosystems at Risdalsheia, southern Norway. These unique experiments at the ecosystem scale provide information on the short-term effects and interactions of nitrogen deposition and increased temperature and carbon dioxide on carbon and nitrogen cycling and especially the run-off chemistry. To predict changes in soil processes in response to climate change, the model was extended by including the temperature effect on mineralisation, nitrification, denitrification, aluminium dissolution and mineral weathering. The extended model was tested on the two manipulated catchments at Risdalsheia and long-term effects were evaluated by performing long-time runs. The effects of climate change treatment, which resulted in increased nitrogen fluxes at both catchments, were slightly overestimated by SMART2. The temperature dependency of mineralisation was simulated adequately but the temperature effect on nitrification was slightly overestimated. Monitored changes in base cation concentrations and pH were quite well simulated with SMART2. The long-term simulations indicate that the increase in nitrogen run-off is only a temporary effect; in the long-term, no effect on total nitrogen leaching is predicted. At higher deposition levels the temporary increase in nitrogen leaching lasts longer than at low deposition. Contrary to nitrogen leaching, temperature increase leads to a permanent decrease in aluminium concentrations and pH. Keywords: elevated carbon dioxide, temperature, forest ecosystem, modelling, nitrogen run-off.

On Climatic Analogs in Paleoclimatic Reconstruction

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid A. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Paleoclimatic Reconstruction ◽  
Transfer Equations ◽  
Analog Approach ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Definition Of

Many of the problems that have been discussed with regard to the analog approach to paleoclimatic reconstruction may be illustrated by consideration of basic principles and definitions, and the logical consquences thereof. Specific attention is directed toward the definition of the regional macroclimate as the modal microclimate and to a series of axioms: (1) There are various microclimates which depart more or less from the macroclimate in each terrestrial region. (2) Environment and climate change on time scales from near instantaneous to millions of years. (3) Climate is multidimensional (a vector), not a single scalar datum. (4) Biotic assemblage changes in response to environmental (including climatic) changes are expressed primarily in terms of reproductive success. One may conclude from the corollaries to these axioms that perfect analogs cannot be found for any Holocene climate, but that “partial analogs” (“transfer equations”) may still be used if allowance is made for shared variance.

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