scholarly journals Timing of sea-ice retreat affects the distribution of seabirds and their prey in the southeastern Bering Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 593 ◽  
pp. 209-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Hunt ◽  
M Renner ◽  
KJ Kuletz ◽  
S Salo ◽  
L Eisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat

SEA ICE RETREAT ALTERS THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BERING SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz J. Mueter ◽  
Michael A. Litzow
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat ◽  
The Bering Sea

Timing of spring sea-ice retreat and summer seabird-prey associations in the northern Bering Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 181-182 ◽  
pp. 104898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bungo Nishizawa ◽  
Nodoka Yamada ◽  
Haruka Hayashi ◽  
Charlie Wright ◽  
Kathy Kuletz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Northern Bering Sea ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Spring Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat

scholarly journals Timing of ice retreat alters seabird abundances and distributions in the southeast Bering Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 20160276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Renner ◽  
Sigrid Salo ◽  
Lisa B. Eisner ◽  
Patrick H. Ressler ◽  
Carol Ladd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Shelf Slope ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Spring Sea Ice ◽  
Calanus Marshallae ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat

Timing of spring sea-ice retreat shapes the southeast Bering Sea food web. We compared summer seabird densities and average bathymetry depth distributions between years with early (typically warm) and late (typically cold) ice retreat. Averaged over all seabird species, densities in early-ice-retreat-years were 10.1% (95% CI: 1.1–47.9%) of that in late-ice-retreat-years. In early-ice-retreat-years, surface-foraging species had increased numbers over the middle shelf (50–150 m) and reduced numbers over the shelf slope (200–500 m). Pursuit-diving seabirds showed a less clear trend. Euphausiids and the copepod Calanus marshallae/glacialis were 2.4 and 18.1 times less abundant in early-ice-retreat-years, respectively, whereas age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus near-surface densities were 51× higher in early-ice-retreat-years. Our results suggest a mechanistic understanding of how present and future changes in sea-ice-retreat timing may affect top predators like seabirds in the southeastern Bering Sea.

Ecosystem response to a temporary sea ice retreat in the Bering Sea: Winter 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds ◽  
Phyllis J. Stabeno ◽  
Jeffery M. Napp ◽  
Alexei I. Pinchuk ◽  
Jeffrey A. Nystuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat ◽  
The Bering Sea

scholarly journals Timing of sea ice retreat can alter phytoplankton community structure in the western Arctic Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1705-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fujiwara ◽  
T. Hirawake ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
I. Imai ◽  
S.-I. Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Western Arctic Ocean ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat

Abstract. This study assesses the response of phytoplankton assemblages to recent climate change, especially with regard to the shrinking of sea ice in the northern Chukchi Sea of the western Arctic Ocean. Distribution patterns of phytoplankton groups in the late summers of 2008–2010 were analysed based on HPLC pigment signatures and, the following four major algal groups were inferred via multiple regression and cluster analyses: prasinophytes, diatoms, haptophytes and dinoflagellates. A remarkable interannual difference in the distribution pattern of the groups was found in the northern basin area. Haptophytes dominated and dispersed widely in warm surface waters in 2008, whereas prasinophytes dominated in cold water in 2009 and 2010. A difference in the onset date of sea ice retreat was evident among years–the sea ice retreat in 2008 was 1–2 months earlier than in 2009 and 2010. The spatial distribution of early sea ice retreat matched the areas in which a shift in algal community composition was observed. Steel-Dwass's multiple comparison tests were used to assess the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the four clusters. We found a statistically significant difference in temperature between the haptophyte-dominated cluster and the other clusters, suggesting that the change in the phytoplankton communities was related to the earlier sea ice retreat in 2008 and the corollary increase in sea surface temperatures. Longer periods of open water during the summer, which are expected in the future, may affect food webs and biogeochemical cycles in the western Arctic due to shifts in phytoplankton community structure.

scholarly journals The Response of the Nordic Seas to Wintertime Sea-ice Retreat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
David P. Stevens ◽  
Ian A. Renfrew ◽  
Xiaoming Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
Ocean Response ◽  
Marginal Ice Zone ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat

AbstractThe ocean response to wintertime sea-ice retreat is investigated in the coupled climate model HiGEM. We focus on the marginal ice zone and adjacent waters of the Nordic Seas, where the air-sea temperature difference can be large during periods of off-ice winds promoting high heat flux events. Both control and transient climate model ensembles are examined, which allows us to isolate the ocean response due to sea-ice retreat from the response due to climate change. As the wintertime sea-ice edge retreats towards the Greenland coastline, it exposes waters that were previously covered by ice which enhances turbulent heat loss and mechanical mixing, leading to a greater loss of buoyancy and deeper vertical mixing in this location. However, under global warming, the buoyancy loss is inhibited as the atmosphere warms more rapidly than the ocean which reduces the air-sea temperature difference. This occurs most prominently further away from the retreating ice edge, over the Greenland Sea gyre. Over the gyre the upper ocean also warms significantly, resulting in a more stratified water column and, as a consequence, a reduction in the depth of convective mixing. In contrast, closer to the coast the effect of global warming is overshadowed by the effect of the sea-ice retreat, leading to significant changes in ocean temperature and salinity in the vicinity of the marginal ice zone.

scholarly journals Impacts of large-scale atmospheric circulation changes due to winter sea-ice retreat on Black Carbon transport and deposition to the Arctic

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pozzoli ◽  
Srdan Dobricic ◽  
Simone Russo ◽  
Elisabetta Vignati
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Sea Ice Retreat

Abstract. Winter warming and sea ice retreat observed in the Arctic in the last decades determine changes of large scale atmospheric circulation pattern that may impact as well the transport of black carbon (BC) to the Arctic and its deposition on the sea ice, with possible feedbacks on the regional and global climate forcing. In this study we developed and applied a new statistical algorithm, based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimate approach, to determine how the changes of three large scale weather patterns (the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Scandinavian Blocking, and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation), associated with winter increasing temperatures and sea ice retreat in the Arctic, impact the transport of BC to the Arctic and its deposition. We found that the three atmospheric patterns together determine a decreasing winter deposition trend of BC between 1980 and 2015 in the Eastern Arctic while they increase BC deposition in the Western Arctic. The increasing trend is mainly due to the more frequent occurrences of stable high pressure systems (atmospheric blocking) near Scandinavia favouring the transport in the lower troposphere of BC from Europe and North Atlantic directly into to the Arctic. The North Atlantic Oscillation has a smaller impact on BC deposition in the Arctic, but determines an increasing BC atmospheric load over the entire Arctic Ocean with increasing BC concentrations in the upper troposphere. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation does not influence significantly the transport and deposition of BC to the Arctic. The results show that changes in atmospheric circulation due to polar atmospheric warming and reduced winter sea ice significantly impacted BC transport and deposition. The anthropogenic emission reductions applied in the last decades were, therefore, crucial to counterbalance the most likely trend of increasing BC pollution in the Arctic.

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