scholarly journals Seasonal variability in ecosystem functions: quantifying the contribution of invasive species to nutrient cycling in coastal ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kauppi ◽  
J Norkko ◽  
J Ikonen ◽  
A Norkko
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Functions

scholarly journals The Origin, Succession, and Predicted Metabolism of Bacterial Communities Associated with Leaf Decomposition

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Jackrel ◽  
Jack A. Gilbert ◽  
J. Timothy Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Home Field Advantage

ABSTRACT Intraspecific variation in plant nutrient and defensive traits can regulate ecosystem-level processes, such as decomposition and transformation of plant carbon and nutrients. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ecosystem functions at local scales may facilitate predictions of the resistance and resilience of these functions to change. We evaluated how riverine bacterial community assembly and predicted gene content corresponded to decomposition rates of green leaf inputs from red alder trees into rivers of Washington State, USA. Previously, we documented accelerated decomposition rates for leaves originating from trees growing adjacent to the site of decomposition versus more distant locales, suggesting that microbes have a “home-field advantage” in decomposing local leaves. Here, we identified repeatable stages of bacterial succession, each defined by dominant taxa with predicted gene content associated with metabolic pathways relevant to the leaf characteristics and course of decomposition. “Home” leaves contained bacterial communities with distinct functional capacities to degrade aromatic compounds. Given known spatial variation of alder aromatics, this finding helps explain locally accelerated decomposition. Bacterial decomposer communities adjust to intraspecific variation in leaves at spatial scales of less than a kilometer, providing a mechanism for rapid response to changes in resources such as range shifts among plant genotypes. Such rapid responses among bacterial communities in turn may maintain high rates of carbon and nutrient cycling through aquatic ecosystems. IMPORTANCE Community ecologists have traditionally treated individuals within a species as uniform, with individual-level biodiversity rarely considered as a regulator of community and ecosystem function. In our study system, we have documented clear evidence of within-species variation causing local ecosystem adaptation to fluxes across ecosystem boundaries. In this striking pattern of a “home-field advantage,” leaves from individual trees tend to decompose most rapidly when immediately adjacent to their parent tree. Here, we merge community ecology experiments with microbiome approaches to describe how bacterial communities adjust to within-species variation in leaves over spatial scales of less than a kilometer. The results show that bacterial community compositional changes facilitate rapid ecosystem responses to environmental change, effectively maintaining high rates of carbon and nutrient cycling through ecosystems.

Predicting microbial redox dynamics and nutrient cycling in the subsurface considering spatio-temporal heterogeneities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swamini Khurana ◽  
Falk Heße ◽  
Martin Thullner
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Cycles

<p>Biogeochemical cycles are extensively studied as they control the flow of matter (carbon and nitrogen, specifically) up to the global scale, further impacting ecosystem functions and services. To be able to predict carbon and nitrogen budgets, it is necessary to study carbon and nitrogen cycles in all compartments of the biosphere, from forests to water, to soil and deep subsurface. Since the soil and deeper subsurface compartments store a high share of the global carbon and nitrogen budget, it is necessary to study the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the subsurface at a higher resolution. Given the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics exhibited by the subsurface, coupled with lack of observational opportunities, the prediction of these cycles in the subsurface is a challenge. For this purpose, this study aims to resolve microbial mediated carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the subsurface with respect to spatial and temporal heterogeneity using a numerical modeling approach. The model considers the response of microbial growth and activity to varying environmental conditions such as access to nutrients and energy sources.</p><p>The obtained results show a linear relationship between the relative impact on carbon and nitrogen removal and relative difference in breakthrough times between homogeneous scenarios and the spatially heterogeneous scenarios. In contrast, the temporal dynamics of changing flow rates induces minimal aggregated impact on the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the subsurface. This implies that short term temporal dynamics do little to influence the long-term nutrient cycles, given the same average water flux through the entire simulation period. The findings of this study can assist in identification of drivers of microbial dynamics and nutrient cycling in the Critical Zone. This, in turn, can assist towards the regional scale modeling of biogeochemical cycles resulting from microbial dynamics.</p>

Submerged Macrophytes in Lake Ontario: Current Knowledge, Importance, Threats to Stability, and Needed Studies

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1539-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Crowder ◽  
D. S. Painter
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Nursery Habitats ◽  
High Concentrations

The submerged limnetic community in Lake Ontario includes algae, bryophytes, and about 30 species of angiosperms. Their distribution is accurately known in some areas but not lake-wide, and a whole-lake survey is recommended. In nutrient cycling, submergents act as sinks during the summer; metals and metalloids occur in high concentrations in tissues from some areas. Known herbivores include invertebrates, fish, and waterfowl. Stands are necessary for many fish taxa as breeding or nursery habitats, and for waterfowl, but may be damaged by carp (Cyprinus carpio). Stability has been affected by water levels, sedimentation, wave and ice movement, invasive species, herbivory, eutrophication and turbidity, and contaminants. Recovery after control of P loading has occurred in Irondequoit Bay but is delayed by turbidity in the Bay of Quinte.

scholarly journals Seasonal variability in the diet of juvenile European catfish, Silurus glanis, in the Arno River (Italy) in Florence

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Haubrock
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
European Catfish ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Predictions

Abstract While approaches for assessing the impact of invasive species are advancing, fundamental autoecological information such as feeding preferences is often unavailable for many invasive species. The European catfish, Silurus glanis, is a well-known, high-impact invasive predator; however, there remain considerable gaps in knowledge about its feeding preferences and biotic interactions that limit ecological impact predictions for this predator. This study is an investigation of seasonal variability in this predator’s diet during the juvenile life stage using the Arno River, Italy as a model system. This study identified significant differences across seasons, provided further information on the dietary spectrum of this species, and raised important questions for further study.

scholarly journals Ant-mediated ecosystem functions on a warmer planet: effects on soil movement, decomposition and nutrient cycling

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Del Toro ◽  
Relena R. Ribbons ◽  
Aaron M. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Movement

scholarly journals Documentation of Invasive Alien Plants Species of Rupandehi District, Western Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Anant Gopal Singh ◽  
Anil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Structure And Functions

Invasive species are non-native to the locality. They have been introduced in any area both accidentally and intentionally. Their introduction undoubtedly modifies the structure and functions of the ecosystem supply and alters the rate of nutrient cycling. Invasive alien species compete with the crop mainly for water, light, and nutrients. During study we have collected fifty-five species which are invasive and alien. They directly affect the productivity of food crop like rice, wheat, maize etc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10370Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 168-175 

scholarly journals Water and nutrient cycling regulation functions in forest ecosystems: a comparison between native forests and exotic fast-growing tree species plantations in tropical highlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Diego León-Peláez ◽  
Juan Camilo Villegas ◽  
Jorge Alejandro Amador-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Tropical Mountains ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Regulation Functions

AbstractAn improved understanding of ecosystem functions is increasingly needed as ecosystem management moves towards optimizing their capacity to provide services to society. Such a task requires the characterization of ecosystem functions in strategic systems such as tropical mountain forests, which are also subject to pressure due to both global and local environmental changes. In particular, transformation of native forests into pastures or agriculture, has been regarded as the type of transformation with the largest effects in ecosystem regulating and provision functions. However, the effects of other transformations such as those associated with replacement of native with planted forests, have been less studied. To evaluate the effect of forest type on key-ecosystem functions related to water resources, we studied the dynamics of rainfall partitioning and nutrient circulation on a suite of representative forest types in neotropical mountain systems: two plantations of exotic fast-growing species and two types of native forests. Our results illustrate that, when considered in a per-basal unit area, water transmission to the forest floor is significantly higher in both native forests. Similarly, native forests are more effective on circulating nutrients on the ecosystem as they are better adapted to oligotrophic soils such as those occurring in tropical mountains. These results suggest that the replacement of native forests with exotic tree plantations can potentially impact hydrological regulation and the nutrient cycling in these high Andean lands, affecting both directly and indirectly the capacity of ecosystems to produce services to society.

scholarly journals Chilean blind spots in soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Marín ◽  
Javiera Rubio ◽  
Roberto Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
And Function ◽  
Blind Spots

Soil harbor up to a quarter of the worlds biodiversity, contributing to many ecosystem functions. It is of great importance to identify distribution patterns of soil organisms and their ecosystem functions to support their conservation and policy building. This has been recently analyzed at macroecological scales, but analyses at national/local scales are scarce. Here we identify and analyze the blind spots in soil taxa and ecosystem functioning data in continental Chile, through a Web of Science articles (1945-2020) search, and focusing on ten soil taxonomic groups and four ecosystem functions (nutrient cycling, decomposition, water infiltration, soil respiration). A total of 741 sampling sites were obtained from 239 articles. In 49.25% of the sites soil biodiversity was studied, while this percentage was 32.65% for ecosystem functions; in 18.10% of the sites both soil biodiversity and ecosystem functions were investigated at the same time, a surprisingly high percentage compared to global studies. By far, Bacteria/Fungi and nutrient cycling were the most investigated taxa and function, respectively. There is a significant number of soil taxa (Acari, Collembola, Nematoda, Formicoidea, Protista, Rotifera) represented by just a few sites concentrated in specific Chilean regions. Places like the central regions, the Atacama desert, and the Valdivian temperate forests present a proliferation of studies on soil Fungi, Bacteria, and nutrient cycling, reflecting historical interests of established research groups. Based on this research, we are identifying the causes of the data blind spots and invite the Chilean soil ecology community to propose ideas on how to fill them.

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