Interactive effects of ocean warming and acidification on sperm motility and fertilization in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

2016 ◽  
Vol 562 ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Eads ◽  
WJ Kennington ◽  
JP Evans
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Interactive Effects

scholarly journals Invasion-mediated effects on marine trophic interactions in a changing climate: positive feedbacks favour kelp persistence

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1899) ◽  
pp. 20182866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Miranda ◽  
Melinda A. Coleman ◽  
Alejandro Tagliafico ◽  
Maria S. Rangel ◽  
Lea T. Mamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Management Actions

The interactive effects of ocean warming and invasive species are complex and remain a source of uncertainty for projecting future ecological change. Climate-mediated change to trophic interactions can have pervasive ecological consequences, but the role of invasion in mediating trophic effects is largely unstudied. Using manipulative experiments in replicated outdoor mesocosms, we reveal how near-future ocean warming and macrophyte invasion scenarios interactively impact gastropod grazing intensity and preference for consumption of foundation macroalgae ( Ecklonia radiata and Sargassum vestitum ). Elevated water temperature increased the consumption of both macroalgae through greater grazing intensity. Given the documented decline of kelp ( E. radiata ) growth at higher water temperatures, enhanced grazing could contribute to the shift from kelp-dominated to Sargassum -dominated reefs that is occurring at the low-latitude margins of kelp distribution. However, the presence of a native invader ( Caulerpa filiformis ) was related to low consumption by the herbivores on dominant kelp at warmer temperatures. Thus, antagonistic effects between climate change and a range expanding species can favour kelp persistence in a warmer future. Introduction of species should, therefore, not automatically be considered unfavourable under climate change scenarios. Climatic changes are increasing the need for effective management actions to address the interactive effects of multiple stressors and their ecological consequences, rather than single threats in isolation.

Interactive effects of n-TiO2 and 2,3,7,8-TCDD on the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Canesi ◽  
Giada Frenzilli ◽  
Teresa Balbi ◽  
Margherita Bernardeschi ◽  
Caterina Ciacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Marine Bivalve

331 DIRECT EFFECTS OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS ON BOVINE SPERM MOTILITY IN VITRO

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
Z. Johnson ◽  
R. Rorie ◽  
C. Rosenkrans, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Medium Osmolarity ◽  
Bovine Spermatozoa

Ergot alkaloids have been associated with decreased livestock reproductive rates. Concentration of alkaloids in the reproductive tract after consumption of toxic forage is unknown. In addition, the direct effects of alkaloids on bovine spermatozoa have not been determined. We investigated the direct and interactive effects of 3 ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, and ergonovine) on motility of frozen–thawed bovine spermatozoa. Thawed spermatozoa from 3 bulls were pooled and washed using a Percoll density gradient. Sperm motility was visually estimated by counting at least 100 spermatozoa in each triplicate well (> 300 per treatment per replicate). The cell counting was conducted using phase contrast (400�) on an inverted bright field microscope. Spermatozoa were considered motile if they exhibited free progressive forward or other movement and were not attached to the well surface. Motile spermatozoa were exposed to alkaloids ranging in concentration from 0 to 100 �M. Assays were conducted in modified sperm-TL (mSPTL) medium at 39�C in moist air without CO2 for 6 to 12 h. The results showed that both ergotamine (ET) and dihydroergotamine (DHET) inhibited (P < 0.05) sperm motility at concentrations greater than 50 �M and 33.3 �M, respectively. Ergonovine (EN) did not inhibit sperm motility at the test concentrations. Inhibitory effects of alkaloids on sperm motility were concentration-dependent for ET and DHET incubations and time-dependent for DHET incubations. Sperm motility also was inhibited by an interaction (P < 0.05) between ET and DHET at concentrations of 16.7 �M or above. The medium pH affected the toxic effects of both ET and DHET, whereas the medium osmolarity affected only the toxic effect of ET on relative sperm motility (P < 0.05). Medium osmolarity of 358 mOsm and/or pH higher than 7.1 exacerbated the toxic effects of the alkaloids. These results demonstrate that ergot alkaloids can directly interact with spermatozoa and impair sperm motility. Herbivores consuming toxic tall fescue are exposed to a cocktail of ergot alkaloids. Alkaloid interactive effects coupled with altered cell chemistry, due to increased respiration rates and frequent urination, on spermatozoa may indicate the mechanism by which reproduction is impaired in animals consuming toxic forage.

scholarly journals Temperature, but not pH, compromises sea urchin fertilization and early development under near-future climate change scenarios

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1663) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Byrne ◽  
Melanie Ho ◽  
Paulina Selvakumaraswamy ◽  
Hong D. Nguyen ◽  
Symon A. Dworjanyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Near Future

Global warming is causing ocean warming and acidification. The distribution of Heliocidaris erythrogramma coincides with the eastern Australia climate change hot spot, where disproportionate warming makes marine biota particularly vulnerable to climate change. In keeping with near-future climate change scenarios, we determined the interactive effects of warming and acidification on fertilization and development of this echinoid. Experimental treatments (20–26°C, pH 7.6–8.2) were tested in all combinations for the ‘business-as-usual’ scenario, with 20°C/pH 8.2 being ambient. Percentage of fertilization was high (>89%) across all treatments. There was no difference in percentage of normal development in any pH treatment. In elevated temperature conditions, +4°C reduced cleavage by 40 per cent and +6°C by a further 20 per cent. Normal gastrulation fell below 4 per cent at +6°C. At 26°C, development was impaired. As the first study of interactive effects of temperature and pH on sea urchin development, we confirm the thermotolerance and pH resilience of fertilization and embryogenesis within predicted climate change scenarios, with negative effects at upper limits of ocean warming. Our findings place single stressor studies in context and emphasize the need for experiments that address ocean warming and acidification concurrently. Although ocean acidification research has focused on impaired calcification, embryos may not reach the skeletogenic stage in a warm ocean.

scholarly journals Ocean Warming May Enhance Biochemical Alterations Induced by an Invasive Seaweed Exudate in the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Hugo C. Vieira ◽  
Andreia C. M. Rodrigues ◽  
Sílvia F. S. Pires ◽  
Jacinta M. M. Oliveira ◽  
Rui J. M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Invasive Seaweed ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Ocean warming and biological invasions are among the most pervasive factors threatening coastal ecosystems with a potential to interact. Ongoing temperature rise may affect physiological and cellular mechanisms in marine organisms. Moreover, non-indigenous species spread has been a major challenge to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. The invasive red seaweed Asparagopsis armata has become successfully established in Europe. Its exudate has been considered deleterious to surrounding native species, but no information exists on its effect under forecasted temperature increase. This study evaluated the combined effects of temperature rise and A. armata exudate exposure on the native mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Oxidative stress, neurophysiological and metabolism related biomarkers were evaluated after a 96 h-exposure to exudate (0% and 2%) under present (20 °C) and warming (24 °C) temperature scenarios. Short-term exposure to A. armata exudate affected the oxidative stress status and neurophysiology of the mussels, with a tendency to an increasing toxic action under warming. Significant oxidative damage at protein level was observed in the digestive gland and muscle of individuals exposed simultaneously to the exudate and temperature rise. Thus, under a climate change scenario, it may be expected that prolonged exposure to the combined action of both stressors may compromise M. galloprovincialis fitness and survival.

The mode of action (MOA) approach reveals interactive effects of environmental pharmaceuticals on Mytilus galloprovincialis

2013 ◽  
Vol 140-141 ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Franzellitti ◽  
Sara Buratti ◽  
Paola Valbonesi ◽  
Elena Fabbri
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Interactive Effects

scholarly journals Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1778) ◽  
pp. 20133069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Williams ◽  
Nichole N. Price ◽  
Blake Ushijima ◽  
Greta S. Aeby ◽  
Sean Callahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae

Diseases threaten the structure and function of marine ecosystems and are contributing to the global decline of coral reefs. We currently lack an understanding of how climate change stressors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and warming, may simultaneously affect coral reef disease dynamics, particularly diseases threatening key reef-building organisms, for example crustose coralline algae (CCA). Here, we use coralline fungal disease (CFD), a previously described CCA disease from the Pacific, to examine these simultaneous effects using both field observations and experimental manipulations. We identify the associated fungus as belonging to the subphylum Ustilaginomycetes and show linear lesion expansion rates on individual hosts can reach 6.5 mm per day. Further, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that ocean-warming events could increase the frequency of CFD outbreaks on coral reefs, but that OA-induced lowering of pH may ameliorate outbreaks by slowing lesion expansion rates on individual hosts. Lowered pH may still reduce overall host survivorship, however, by reducing calcification and facilitating fungal bio-erosion. Such complex, interactive effects between simultaneous extrinsic environmental stressors on disease dynamics are important to consider if we are to accurately predict the response of coral reef communities to future climate change.

scholarly journals Individual and Interactive Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Adult Favites colemani

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhael Clotilde S. Tañedo ◽  
Ronald D. Villanueva ◽  
Andrew F. Torres ◽  
Rachel Ravago-Gotanco ◽  
Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Zooxanthellae Density ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Near Future

Tropical coral reefs are threatened by local-scale stressors that are exacerbated by global ocean warming and acidification from the post-industrial increase of atmospheric CO2 levels. Despite their observed decline in the past four decades, little is known on how Philippine coral reefs will respond to ocean warming and acidification. This study explored individual and synergistic effects of present-day (pH 8.0, 28°C) and near-future (pH 7.7, 32°C) scenarios of ocean temperature and pH on the adult Favites colemani, a common massive reef-building coral in Bolinao-Anda, Philippines. Changes in seawater temperature drive the physiological responses of F. colemani, whereas changes in pH create an additive effect on survival, growth, and photosynthetic efficiency. Under near-future scenarios, F. colemani showed sustained photosynthetic competency despite the decline in growth rate and zooxanthellae density. F. colemani exhibited specificity with the Cladocopium clade C3u. This coral experienced lower growth rates but survived projected near-future ocean warming and acidification scenarios. Its pH-thermal stress threshold is possibly a consequence of acclimation and adaptation to local environmental conditions and past bleaching events. This research highlights the importance of examining the susceptibility and resilience of Philippine corals to climate-driven stressors for future conservation and restoration efforts in the changing ocean.

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