scholarly journals Effects of algal food concentration and body size on the ingestion rates of Ruditapes decussatus (Bivalvia) veliger larvae

1994 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pérez-Camacho ◽  
R Belras ◽  
M Albentosa
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Algal Food ◽  
Veliger Larvae

The Effect of Temperature and Food Concentration On Ingestion Rates of Quinqueloculina Seminula On the Diatom Nitzschia Closterium

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Lei ◽  
Chengchun Li ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Zhimin Jian
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Nitzschia Closterium

Abstract The majority of sediment-dwelling foraminifera are thought to be deposit feeders. They use their reticulopodia to gather sediment with associated algae, organic detritus, and bacteria. Uptake of diatoms by foraminifera have been observed but rarely quantified. We measured the clearance (gathering) rate and ingestion rate of diatoms by the common benthic foraminifer Quinqueloculina seminula using Nitzschia closterium as prey under laboratory culture conditions. Grazing experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature (at 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24°C) and food availability (10 to 800 cells mm−2) on uptake rates of diatoms. The clearance rates, estimated from the disappearance of food items, were variable (0.59–4.4 mm2 foram−1 h−1) and did not show a clear relationship with food availability. The maximum clearance rates increased from 1.80 ± 0.21 to 2.69 ± 0.32 mm2 foram−1 h−1 when temperature increased from 12 to 18°C and decreased to 2.28 ± 0.25 mm2 foram−1 h−1 at 24°C. Ingestion rates varied from 1.0 to 43 × 103 diatoms foram−1 h−1, following a hyperbolic response to food concentrations at all experimental temperatures. The maximum individual ingestion rates increased from 842 ± 180 to 1648 ± 480 (mean ± SE) cells foram−1 h−1 and then decreased to 316 ± 54 cells foram−1 h−1 as temperature increased from 12 to 24°C. Experimental results revealed that 12–18°C was the optimal temperature range for Q. seminula feeding for specimens adapted to local conditions. Our study indicates that Q. seminula plays an ecological role by feeding upon benthic diatoms in marine benthic ecosystems.

Feeding, Energy Processing Rates and Egg Production in Painted Lady Butterflies

1991 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
F. REED HAINSWORTH ◽  
ELIZABETH PRECUP ◽  
TRACY HAMILL
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Vanessa Cardui ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Nectar Concentration ◽  
Energy Processing

Volume and energy ingestion rates, meal sizes (intakes to satiation) and meal frequencies were measured for previously unfed adult painted lady butterflies (Vanessa cardui L.) fed sucrose solutions or nectar from Lantana camera flowers in the laboratory. Volume and energy rates of crop emptying, assimilation efficiencies and mature egg production over 1 week were measured for V. cardui fed on sucrose solutions to assess mechanisms for and consequences of maximizing net meal energy. Viscosity reduced volume ingestion rates as sugar concentration increased, and 35–52.5 % (w/v) sucrose produced a maximum rate of energy gain from sucrose solutions. Ingestion rates were lower from Lantana flowers. Increasing Lantana nectar concentration from 33 to 70 % sucrose would produce about the same rate of energy gain for a meal. Virtually all ingested sugars were assimilated. Energy processing rates of 30 μl meals did not vary with sex, varied little with concentration and were 12–30 times the rate of energy use for maintenance. For females this may be due to the linear dependence of mature egg production on the amount of sugar ingested. Average meal timing compensated for variations in food concentration. Meals may be initiated before complete crop emptying, and this would increase the overall rates of energy processing, particularly for small meals. If Vanessa are not time-constrained while foraging, selecting concentrated nectars would decrease foraging frequency and increase the number of mature eggs produced after a meal.

Larval settlement behaviour of the barnacle Balanus reticulatus in the laboratory

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Thiyagarajan ◽  
K.V.K. Nair ◽  
T. Subramoniam ◽  
V.P. Venugopalan
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Organic Polymers ◽  
Algal Food ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Settlement Behaviour

The effect of algal food concentration, substratum, light, salinity, cyprid density and ‘footprints’, cyprid age, films of organic biopolymers, bacteria and diatoms on the settlement of Balanus reticulatus cyprids were studied. The algal food quantity (from 7×104 to 4×105 cells ml−1) fed to nauplii had a significant effect on the settlement. Cyprids failed to settle on glass surfaces but would settle on polystyrene. Light, cyprid ‘footprints’ and age significantly affected the settlement, however, salinity (from 20 to 40 psu) and cyprid density (from 5 to 200 per 5 ml of seawater) had no effect on the settlement. Films of organic polymers, bacteria, and diatoms inhibited the settlement compared to control. It is suggested that cyprids of B. reticulatus can serve as an appropriate test material for antifouling bioassays in those areas where the former forms a dominant species.

Factors Influencing Dispersion of Larval Black Flies (Diptera:Simuliidae): Effects of Current Velocity and Food Concentration

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. H. Ciborowski ◽  
Douglas A. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Food Conditions

Positioning and feeding of Simulium vittatum larvae were studied on a ceramic tile in a flume at three current velocities and two food concentrations. Locomotory activity and drift decreased with increasing current but were independent of food. Using nearest neighbor analysis, we detected significant aggregation at 15 cm∙s−1 that resulted from accumulation of individuals at upstream boundaries. Larvae also aggregated at 43 cm∙s−1, but independently of tile margins. Dispersion was random at 24 cm∙s−1. Gross pattern formation results from individual responses to prevailing flow conditions independently of food concentration. Relative ingestion rates decreased with increasing food concentration, larval size, velocity, and incidence of parasitism. Individual larvae avoided locations directly upstream or downstream of a nearest neighbor at 15 and 24 cm∙s−1 when food concentration was low (0.5 mg∙L−1), but not at higher food levels (3.5 mg∙L−1). These trends were reversed at high velocity. Larvae immediately downstream of neighbors had reduced ingestion rates. Larvae selected positions lateral to others under low food conditions. These animals had greater ingestion rates than did individuals in other locations. Results are consistent with hypotheses of flow disruption and/or food preemption by upstream larvae and of mutually induced beneficial flow between laterally adjacent individuals. Positioning within aggregations reflects complex behavior among conspecifics that varies with the interaction of flow and food concentration.

Functional differences of the proboscides of short- and long-tongued bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1580-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Ingestion of liquids by a short-tongued bee (Andrena carlini), recorded cinematographically, involved repeated protraction and retraction of the prementum and coordinated lapping by the glossa while the maxillae remained motionless. The action of the proboscis of a long-tongued bee (Bombus pennsylvanicus) differs from this in that the prementum remains stationary. Differences in proboscidial mechanics are associated with morphological differences, which together affect the ingestion rates observed for five species of each of the two types of bees. Although small bees of both morphological types ingested nectar at equivalent rates, large long-tongued bees were more efficient than short-tongued bees of similar body size. The relative abundance of large bees in long-tongued families in two faunas suggests that the comparative efficiencies of these two morphological conditions has had evolutionary consequences.

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