scholarly journals The predictive potential of early life stage individual-based models (IBMs): an example for Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the North Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Daewel ◽  
C Schrum ◽  
AK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Individual Based Models ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Where do you come from, where do you go: Early life stage drift and migrations of cod inferred from otolith microchemistry and genetic population assignment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hüssy ◽  
Christoffer Moesgaard Albertsen ◽  
Jakob Hemmer-Hansen ◽  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Simon Hansen Serre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

This study investigates stock mixing of genetically distinct Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks in the Kattegat, an area geographically located between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, by combining genetic population identification with habitat assignments from hatch to capture from otolith microchemistry. Cod captured in Kattegat were genetically assigned to either the North Sea or the endemic Kattegat population. Otolith chemical fingerprints differed significantly between populations during the larval and pelagic juvenile stage with higher strontium and lower barium and manganese concentrations in the North Sea population than the Kattegat population, indicating that North Sea cod are spawned in the North Sea or Skagerrak and drift into the Kattegat during the early life stages. Individual cod of both populations undertook frequent migrations to other areas, with < 25 % of individuals remaining resident within the Kattegat throughout their life. Across seasons and age classes, the two populations were most frequently distributed in the Kattegat (67 %), with approximately 25 % distributed in the western Baltic Sea and < 10 % in the Skagerrak/North Sea.

Settlement processes induce differences in daily growth rates between two co-existing ecotypes of juvenile cod Gadus morhua

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 175-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEM Jørgensen ◽  
AB Neuheimer ◽  
PE Jorde ◽  
H Knutsen ◽  
P Grønkjær
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The North Sea

Co-existence of sympatric populations of a fish species is a common phenomenon. In the fjords of southern Norway, 2 ecotypes of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua co-exist during their juvenile life stage. Cod of the North Sea ecotype are on average 2 cm larger than the fjord ecotype at the end of their first growing season in October, suggesting either differences in spawning time or differences in growth during the larval and early juvenile phase. We analysed 24352 daily otolith increments from 145 cod sampled in September 2000, 2003, 2008 and 2015 at 2 locations to estimate individual hatching times and daily growth rates. There was no significant difference in hatching time between ecotypes, locations or years. Population-specific models of the effect of year, temperature and fish length on growth rates showed that the North Sea ecotype grew significantly faster than the fjord ecotype, but growth rate differences were small until the juveniles reached ~40 mm and disappeared again in juveniles larger than 110 mm. The size range (40-110 mm) corresponds to the period following settling. This study documents how vital rates (e.g. growth rates) may change rapidly at ontogenetic transition points, leading to different phenotypic trajectories in co-existing ecotypes. It also highlights the importance of settlement as a key life-history transition that may amplify small existing differences in growth rates through positive feedback of size on competitive ability and eventually recruitment.

An "experiment" on effort allocation of fishing vessels: the role of interference competition and area specialization

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Jaap Poos ◽  
Adriaan D Rijnsdorp
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The North Sea

A temporarily closed area established to protect spawning Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Sea allowed us to study the response of the Dutch beam trawl fleet exploiting common sole (Solea solea) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). A number of vessels left the North Sea 1 month earlier than the normal seasonal pattern. The vessels that continued fishing in the North Sea were concentrated in the remaining open areas. In the first week after the closure, the catch rate decreased by 14%, coinciding with an increase in crowding of 28%. Area specialisation affected the response of individual vessels because vessels without prior experience in the open areas showed a larger decline in catch rate compared with vessels that previously fished in these open areas and were more likely to stop fishing during the closed period. The decrease in catch rate in response to the increase in competitor density allowed us to estimate the strength of the interference competition.

scholarly journals First record of brown colouration of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, L.) from the North Sea

Oceanologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rybczyk ◽  
Przemysław Czerniejewski ◽  
Joanna Rokicka-Praxmajer
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
First Record ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Shifts in spawning phenology of cod linked to rising sea temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1561-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate McQueen ◽  
C. Tara Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

AbstractWarming temperatures caused by climate change have the potential to impact spawning phenology of temperate marine fish as some species have temperature-dependent gonadal development. Inter-annual variation in the timing of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) spawning in the northern North Sea, central North Sea and Irish Sea was estimated by calculating an annual peak roe month (PRM) from records of roe landings spanning the last three decades. A trend towards earlier PRM was found in all three regions, with estimates of shifts in PRM ranging from 0.9 to 2.4 weeks per decade. Temperatures experienced by cod during early vitellogenesis correlated negatively with PRM, suggesting that rising sea temperatures have contributed to a shift in spawning phenology. A concurrent reduction in the mean size of spawning females excluded the possibility that earlier spawning was due to a shift in size structure towards larger individuals, as large cod spawn earlier than smaller-sized individuals in the North Sea. Further research into the effects of climate change on the phenology of different trophic levels within the North Sea ecosystem should be undertaken to determine whether climate change-induced shifts in spawning phenology will result in a temporal mismatch between cod larvae and their planktonic prey.

Annual and spatial variability in endo- and ectoparasite infections of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758) larvae, post-larvae and juveniles

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Foojan Mehrdana ◽  
Qusay Bahlool ◽  
Alf Skovgaard ◽  
Jesper Kuhn ◽  
Per Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
The North ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Atlantic Cod Larvae ◽  
The North Sea

AbstractA parasitological investigation was performed on a total of 5380 Atlantic cod larvae, post-larvae and small juveniles sampled from the North Sea during a period of five years. The copepod Caligus elongatus (Von Nordmann, 1832) and the nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) were found at a relatively high prevalence of infection (4.6% and 5.2%, respectively). The infection by both parasites showed annual and spatial variability. C. elongatus showed a higher prevalence in 1992 compared to the following years, whereas the prevalence of H. aduncum increased from 1992 to 2001.We observed a relation between parasite distribution and parameters such as latitude and water depth. Adult digeneans (Lecithaster gibbosus and Derogenes varicus) and larval cestodes were also found with lower infection rates. Since changes of infection levels coincided with increasing North Sea water temperature in the studied period, it is hypothesized that temperature may affect parasite population levels. However, it is likely that other environmental factors may contribute to the observed variations. Absence of infection intensities higher than one nematode per fish in small larvae and post-larvae suggests that host survival may be affected by a high infection pressure. The relatively high levels of infection in the younger stages of cod, and the annual/spatial variability of these infections should be considered in the understanding of the early life dynamics of the species.

scholarly journals Spawning grounds of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. González-Irusta ◽  
Peter J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

Distribution–abundance relationships for North Sea Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): observation versus theory

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 2001-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L Blanchard ◽  
Craig Mills ◽  
Simon Jennings ◽  
Clive J Fox ◽  
Brian D Rackham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Density Dependent Habitat Selection ◽  
Ideal Free

Density-dependent habitat selection has implications for fisheries management and for the recovery of depleted fish populations. According to ideal free distribution theory, populations contract into areas of highest habitat suitability as their abundance decreases. This can increase their vulnerability to fishing and predation. We detected density-dependent habitat selection by juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (ages 1 and 2) in the North Sea and compared the observed distribution–abundance relationships with those predicted from a model based on ideal free distribution theory and knowledge of optimal temperatures for growth, where temperature was used as a measure of suitability. As predicted by the model, in years when stock size was low, the catches were largely confined to regions with near-optimal bottom temperatures. Conversely, when population size was high, catches were spread across a larger area including regions with suboptimal temperatures. The spatial extent of optimal habitat appears to have decreased from 1977 to 2002, reflecting a gradual warming of the North Sea. The combined negative effects of increased temperature on recruitment rates and the reduced availability of optimal habitat may have increased the vulnerability of the cod population to fishing mortality.

Discarding practices for commercial gadoids in the North Sea

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1632-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorgos Stratoudakis ◽  
Robert J Fryer ◽  
Robin M Cook
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Melanogrammus Aeglefinus ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Catch Composition

Understanding fishers' discarding behaviour, and anticipating their reactions to changes in the biological or regulatory characteristics of a fishery, are important for dealing with the problem of discarding. In this paper, we investigate the discarding of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Sea, using data collected by scientific observers onboard Scottish demersal vessels. We describe discarding on each trip by species-specific discard curves and explore how these curves depend on biological and regulatory variables. There are large differences in the size of discarded fish between inshore and offshore areas, with offshore-operating vessels discarding larger fish (high-grading). Increases in legal landing size correspond to immediate increases in the size of discarded fish, particularly for haddock and cod in inshore areas. In general, discarding practices for haddock and cod are similar over time and consistent across gears, whereas decisions for the lesser valued whiting are more variable and can be affected by the catch composition.

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