Effects of sediment depth on algal turf height are mediated by interactions with fish herbivory on a fringing reef

2014 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Clausing ◽  
C Annunziata ◽  
G Baker ◽  
C Lee ◽  
SJ Bittick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Turf ◽  
Sediment Depth ◽  
Fringing Reef ◽  
Fish Herbivory

RESTRICTED FRINGING REEF DEVELOPMENT ON THE SOUTHEAST FLORIDA CONTINENTAL REEF TRACT DURING THE LATE HOLOCENE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Modys ◽  
◽  
Lauren T. Toth ◽  
Richard A. Mortlock ◽  
Anton E. Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Reef Development ◽  
Fringing Reef ◽  
Reef Tract

scholarly journals Vegetative Reproduction Is More Advantageous Than Sexual Reproduction in a Canopy-Forming Clonal Macroalga under Ocean Warming Accompanied by Oligotrophication and Intensive Herbivory

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Hikaru Endo ◽  
Toru Sugie ◽  
Yukiko Yonemori ◽  
Yuki Nishikido ◽  
Hikari Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Fish Herbivory ◽  
C 30

Ocean warming and the associated changes in fish herbivory have caused polarward distributional shifts in the majority of canopy-forming macroalgae that are dominant in temperate Japan, but have little effect on the alga Sargassum fusiforme. The regeneration ability of new shoots from holdfasts in this species may be advantageous in highly grazed environments. However, little is known about the factors regulating this in Sargassum species. Moreover, holdfast tolerance to high-temperature and nutrient-poor conditions during summer has rarely been evaluated. In the present study, S. fusiforme holdfast responses to the combined effects of temperature and nutrient availability were compared to those of sexually reproduced propagules. The combined effects of holdfast fragmentation and irradiance on regeneration were also evaluated. Propagule growth rate values changed from positive to negative under the combination of elevated temperature (20 °C–30 °C) and reduced nutrient availability, whereas holdfasts exhibited a positive growth rate even at 32 °C in nutrient-poor conditions. The regeneration rate increased with holdfast fragmentation (1 mm segments), but was unaffected by decreased irradiance. These results suggest that S. fusiforme holdfasts have a higher tolerance to high-temperature and nutrient-poor conditions during summer than propagules, and regenerate new shoots even if 1-mm segments remain in shaded refuges for fish herbivory avoidance.

Swell impact on reef sedimentary processes: A case study of the La Reunion fringing reef

Sedimentology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 2004-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMANUEL CORDIER ◽  
EMMANUEL POIZOT ◽  
YANN MÉAR
Keyword(s):  
La Réunion ◽  
Sedimentary Processes ◽  
Fringing Reef

The effect of sediment type upon the position and depth at which byssal attachment occurs in Mytilus edulis

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sediment Type ◽  
Sediment Depth ◽  
Mussel Beds

The effect of changes in particle size and sediment depth on byssal attachment was assessed in laboratory experiments. Mytilus edulis did not attach byssus pads to mud or silt less than 0·85 mm in diameter, but did attach pads to gravel. On gravel more pads were attached to the substrate (mean = 19·44 threads/mussel/week) than to other mussels in the group (mean = 7·34 threads/mussel/week). Because no byssal attachment to the finer substrates occurred and preference for other mussels in the groups rather than the plastic of the holding tank was shown, clumps, characteristic of mussel beds in the field, were formed. The clumps became increasingly well defined as the depth of the substrate increased. Few clumps were formed on the coarsest substrate as a result of preferential byssal attachment to gravel particles.

Radiocarbon dating of individual foram tests show that alleged Lessepsian species are of Holocene age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo G. Albano ◽  
Anna Sabbatini ◽  
Jonathan Lattanzio ◽  
Jan Steger ◽  
Sönke Szidat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Sediment Depth ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>The Lessepsian invasion – the largest marine biological invasion – followed the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 (81 years BP). Shortly afterwards, tropical species also distributed in the Red Sea appeared on Mediterranean shores: it was the dawn of what would become the invasion of several hundred tropical species. The time of the Suez Canal opening coincided with an acceleration in natural history exploration and description, but the eastern sectors of the Mediterranean Sea lagged behind and were thoroughly explored only in the second half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. Many parts are still insufficiently studied today. Baseline information on pre-Lessepsian ecosystem states is thus scarce. This knowledge gap has rarely been considered by invasion scientists: every new finding of species belonging to tropical clades has been assumed to be a Lessepsian invader.</p><p>We here question this assumption by radiocarbon dating seven individual tests of miliolids – imperforated calcareous foraminifera – belonging to five alleged non-indigenous species. Tests were found in two sediment cores collected at 30 and 40 m depth off Ashqelon, on the Mediterranean Israeli shelf. We dated one <em>Cribromiliolinella milletti </em>(core at 40 m, 20 cm sediment depth), three <em>Nodophthalmidium antillarum </em>(core at 40 m, 35 cm sediment depth), one <em>Miliolinella </em>cf. <em>fichteliana </em>(core at 30 m, 110 cm sediment depth), one <em>Articulina alticostata </em>(core at 40 m, 35 cm sediment depth) and one <em>Spiroloculina antillarum </em>(core at 30 m, 110 cm sediment depth). All foraminiferal tests proved to be of Holocene age, with a median calibrated age spanning between 749 and 8285 years BP. Only one test of <em>N. antillarum</em> showed a 2-sigma error overlapping the time of the opening of the Suez Canal, but with a median age of 1123 years BP. Additionally, a thorough literature search resulted in a further record of <em>S. antillarum</em> in a core interval dated 1820–2064 years BP in Turkey.</p><p>Therefore, these foraminiferal species are not introduced, but native species. They are all circumtropical or Indo-Pacific and in the Mediterranean distributed mostly in the eastern sectors (only <em>S. antillarum</em> occurs also in the Adriatic Sea). Two hypotheses can explain our results: these species are Tethyan relicts that survived the Messinian salinity crisis (5.97–5.33 Ma) and the glacial periods of the Pleistocene in the Eastern Mediterranean, which may have never desiccated completely during the Messinian crisis and which may have worked as a warm-water refugium in the Pleistocene; or they entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea more recently but before the opening of the Suez Canal, for example during the Last Interglacial (MIS5e) high-stand (125,000 years BP) when the flooded Isthmus of Suez enabled exchanges between the Mediterranean and the Indo-Pacific fauna. The recognition that some alleged Lessepsian invaders are in fact native species influences our understanding of the invasion process, its rates and environmental correlates.</p>

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