Ocean acidification affects predator avoidance behaviour but not prey detection in the early ontogeny of a keystone species

2014 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Manríquez ◽  
ME Jara ◽  
ML Mardones ◽  
R Torres ◽  
JM Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Prey Detection

scholarly journals CO2-driven decrease in pH disrupts olfactory behaviour and increases individual variation in deep-sea hermit crabs

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Won Kim ◽  
Josi Taylor ◽  
Chris Lovera ◽  
James P. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Metabolic Performance ◽  
Olfactory Behaviour

Abstract Deep-sea species are generally thought to be less tolerant of environmental variation than shallow-living species due to the relatively stable conditions in deep waters for most parameters (e.g. temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH). To explore the potential for deep-sea hermit crabs (Pagurus tanneri) to acclimate to future ocean acidification, we compared their olfactory and metabolic performance under ambient (pH ∼7.6) and expected future (pH ∼7.1) conditions. After exposure to reduced pH waters, metabolic rates of hermit crabs increased transiently and olfactory behaviour was impaired, including antennular flicking and prey detection. Crabs exposed to low pH treatments exhibited higher individual variation for both the speed of antennular flicking and speed of prey detection, than observed in the control pH treatment, suggesting that phenotypic diversity could promote adaptation to future ocean acidification.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment for Key Socio-Economic and Ecological Species in a Sub-Arctic Marine Ecosystem Under Combined Ocean Acidification and Warming

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Oostdijk ◽  
Erla Sturludóttir ◽  
Maria J. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Icelandic Waters

AbstractThe Arctic may be particularly vulnerable to the consequences of both ocean acidification (OA) and global warming, given the faster pace of these processes in comparison with global average speeds. Here, we use the Atlantis ecosystem model to assess how the trophic network of marine fishes and invertebrates in the Icelandic waters is responding to the combined pressures of OA and warming. We develop an approach where we first identify species by their economic (catch value), social (number of participants in fisheries), or ecological (keystone species) importance. We then use literature-determined ranges of sensitivity to OA and warming for different species and functional groups in the Icelandic waters to parametrize model runs for different scenarios of warming and OA. We found divergent species responses to warming and acidification levels; (mainly) planktonic groups and forage fish benefited while (mainly) benthic groups and predatory fish decreased under warming and acidification scenarios. Assuming conservative harvest rates for the largest catch-value species, Atlantic cod, we see that the population is projected to remain stable under even the harshest acidification and warming scenario. Further, for the scenarios where the model projects reductions in biomass of Atlantic cod, other species in the ecosystem increase, likely due to a reduction in competition and predation. These results highlight the interdependencies of multiple global change drivers and their cascading effects on trophic organization, and the continued high abundance of an important species from a socio-economic perspective in the Icelandic fisheries.

Predator avoidance behaviour of Baltic littoral mysids Neomysis integer and Praunus flexuosus

2003 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lind�n ◽  
M. Lehtiniemi ◽  
M. Viitasalo
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Neomysis Integer

scholarly journals Freezing behaviour facilitates bioelectric crypsis in cuttlefish faced with predation risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1820) ◽  
pp. 20151886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine N. Bedore ◽  
Stephen M. Kajiura ◽  
Sönke Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioelectric Fields

Cephalopods, and in particular the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis , are common models for studies of camouflage and predator avoidance behaviour. Preventing detection by predators is especially important to this group of animals, most of which are soft-bodied, lack physical defences, and are subject to both visually and non-visually mediated detection. Here, we report a novel cryptic mechanism in S. officinalis in which bioelectric cues are reduced via a behavioural freeze response to a predator stimulus. The reduction of bioelectric fields created by the freeze-simulating stimulus resulted in a possible decrease in shark predation risk by reducing detectability. The freeze response may also facilitate other non-visual cryptic mechanisms to lower predation risk from a wide range of predator types.

Predator avoidance behaviour in the buffy-headed marmoset,Callithrix flaviceps

Primates ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Francis Ferrari ◽  
Maria Aparecida Lopes Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Callithrix Flaviceps

Changes in the predator-avoidance behaviour of juvenile guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exposed to pentachlorophenol

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2001-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Brown ◽  
Peter H. Johansen ◽  
Patrick W. Colgan ◽  
R. Alastair Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Predator Efficiency

The effects of pentachlorophenol on the predator-avoidance behaviour of the guppy (Poecilia reticulate) in response to largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) predation was investigated. There were no consistent effects of pentachlorophenol on habitat use or general behaviour of the guppies. In the presence of predators, all guppies occurred significantly more often alone, motionless, and in the top third of the water column in the nonopen areas. Nine variables associated with predator efficiency were monitored to determine which treatment groups of guppies were easiest to capture. The bass had significantly lower capture success, performed more strikes and chases, and spent more time chasing guppies from the untreated and 100 μg/L groups than those from the 500 and 700 μg/L groups. This suggests that the guppies from the two high treatment groups had a slower response to predator attack and could not maintain a prolonged escape burst of speed.

Effect of Turbidity on the Predator Avoidance Behaviour of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Fish Predator ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Juvenile Chinook ◽  
Predator Risk

The effect of turbidity on the predator avoidance behaviour of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was determined in controlled laboratory experiments. Bird and fish models were used to simulate predator risk. In the absence of risk, juvenile chinook were distributed randomly within an experimental arena in turbid conditions (≈23 NTU), but in clear conditions (<1 NTU) they associated with the bottom. When introduced to bird and fish predator models, the chinook altered their distribution and occupied deeper parts of the arena regardless of turbidity level. However, their responses in turbid conditions were less marked and of shorter duration. Turbidity apparently reduced the perceived risk of predation in juvenile chinook.

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