scholarly journals Toxicity of surface microlayer, subsurface water and sediment-elutriates from the German Bight: summary and conclusions

1992 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Karbe
Keyword(s):  
German Bight ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sediment Elutriates

Environmental Assessment of Tributyltin in Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Antifouling Agent ◽  
Shipping Traffic

The aquatic chemistry, fate and toxicity of tributyltin are reviewed. A summary is given of investigations of the occurrence and persistence of tributyltin and its less toxic degradation products in water and sediment in Canada. Tributyltin was mainly found in areas of heavy boating or shipping traffic, which was consistent with its use as an antifouling agent. In about 8% of the 269 locations across Canada at which samples were collected, tributyltin was found in water at concentrations which could cause chronic toxicity in a sensitive species, rainbow trout. Tributyltin was occasionally found in the surface microlayer of fresh water at much higher concentrations than in subsurface water. It was also found in about 30% of sediment samples collected across Canada. The few fish analyzed that contained tributyltin were from harbours, a finding consistent with findings in water and sediment. Biological degradation in water and sediment appears to be the most important factor limiting the persistence of tributyltin in aquatic ecosystems. Estimates of the half-life of biological degradation of tributyltin in fresh water and sediment in Canada are in the range of a few weeks to 4-5 months, respectively. Recent Canadian regulations of tributyltin are discussed as well as the current Canadian Environmental Protection Act review of non-pesticidal organotins.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation in number and production of neustonic and planktonic bacteria inhabiting polluted estuarine harbour channel

2021 ◽  
Vol 203 (9) ◽  
pp. 5547-5559
Author(s):  
Piotr Perliński ◽  
Zbigniew J. Mudryk ◽  
Marta Zdanowicz ◽  
Łukasz Kubera
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Water Basin ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to determine the abundance and secondary production by bacteria inhabiting the surface microlayer and subsurface water in a specific water basin, i.e., polluted estuarine harbour channel. In a 3-year seasonal cycle, the total number of bacteria and their biomass were higher in the surface microlayer (SML) 7.57 × 108cells dm−3 and 15.86 µg C dm−3 than in the subsurface water (SSW) 4.25 × 108cells dm−3 and 9.11 µg C dm−3 of the studied channel. The opposite relationship was noted in the level of the secondary production (SML—37.16 μg C dm−3 h−1, SSW—60.26 μg C dm−3 h−1) in this water basin. According to the analysed microbiological parameters, the total number of bacteria and secondary production varied along the horizontal profile in the water of the studied channel. The total number of bacteria and their secondary production showed the seasonal variation as well.

Comparison of the water quality of the surface microlayer and subsurface water in the Guangzhou segment of the Pearl River, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Xiaojuan Hu ◽  
Jiangluan Jiang ◽  
Junyi Zhang ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
The Pearl River

Microbiological and chemical enrichment of freshwater-surface microlayers relative to the bulk-subsurface water

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger F. Hatcher ◽  
Bruce C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Chemical Enrichment

Concentrations of bacteria, fungi, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, sulfate, and certain metals were enriched in freshwater-surface microlayer samples relative to the bulk-subsurface water. Results differed markedly depending on which of three methods for surface-microlayer collection was used. This report suggests that the biologically and chemically rich freshwater-surface microlayers contribute to ecological functions and interactions between subsurface water and the atmosphere not heretofore investigated in freshwater.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Water of the Niagara River, 1985-86

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Maguire ◽  
Richard J. Tkacz
Keyword(s):  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Niagara Falls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The surface microlayer of the Niagara River at Niagara-on-the-Lake was sampled 34 times in 1985-86, and was shown to contain PCBs, chlorobenzenes and chlorinated hydrocarbons at concentrations generally up to 40 times greater than concentrations 1n subsurface water. Organisms which spend part or all of their lives at the air-water interface are thus likely to be at increased risk relative to subsurface water exposure. A small “spill” of PCBs 1n the river on July 29, 1986 was only detected in the surface micro-layer, and not in subsurface water. On this date, concentrations of PCBs in the surface microlayer were up to 6,400 times larger than concentrations in the subsurface water, and 1t appeared that the “spill” was downstream of Niagara Falls and the Whirlpool. Despite such high concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the surface microlayer, at no time during this study did the microlayer contribute significantly, relative to subsurface water, to the loading (i.e., amounts) of these chemicals from the Niagara River to Lake Ontario.

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