scholarly journals Distribution patterns of macrofaunal species diversity in subtidal soft sediments: biodiversity–productivity relationships from the MacroBen database

2009 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Escaravage ◽  
PMJ Herman ◽  
B Merckx ◽  
M Wlodarska-Kowalczuk ◽  
JM Amouroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Soft Sediments ◽  
Macrofaunal Species

scholarly journals Phytogeographic support tor the theory of Pleistocene forest refuges in the Amazon Basin, based on evidence from distribution patterns in Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dichapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Refuge Areas

Abstract In recent years it has generally been accepted that Amazonia was subject to long dry periods in the late Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene which induced forest cover to a few limited areas or refuges. It has been proposed that the subsequent genetic isolation into separate populations is a mnjor factor in the evolution of the species diversity within the lowland forest of Amazonia. Most of the previous evidence for this theory is based on studies of animals, for example: lizards, butterflies, and birds. Here data are presented to confirm the theory of forest refuges using evidence from phytogeography. Distribution patterns of the lowland species of the woody plant families Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dichapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae are discussed and concur with the possibility of forest refuges. A map is given of the refuge areas that seem most likely, based on evidence from species distribution of the above plant families. The refuges proposed here correspond closely with the refuge areas proposed by Haffer and Brown rather than the extremely reduced areas proposed by Vanzolini.

Species diversity, distribution patterns, and substrate specificity of Strobilurus

Mycologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Qin ◽  
Egon Horak ◽  
Flavius Popa ◽  
Karl-Heinz Rexer ◽  
Gerhard Kost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Distribution Patterns

scholarly journals Species Diversity and Distribution Patterns of the Ants of Amazonian Ecuador

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e13146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari T. Ryder Wilkie ◽  
Amy L. Mertl ◽  
James F. A. Traniello
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Amazonian Ecuador

Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio De la Riva ◽  
Juan C Chaparro ◽  
Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher ◽  
José M Padial
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Research

AbstractDespite recent efforts to accelerate exploration and species description, the diversity of high Andean frogs remains highly underestimated. We report high levels of species diversity in direct-developing frogs or terraranas inhabiting the wet puna and adjacent cloud forests of the Amazonian versant of the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. Descriptive evidence of external morphology, distribution patterns and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the existence of nine unnamed species in two clades, which represents a 30% increase in species diversity for those clades. The relationships of these species and their relatives in Holoadeninae are tested using nuclear and mitochondrial genes for 159 terminals representing the 11 genera in this subfamily and 25 species of previously unknown relationships. Our results corroborate species monophyly in all but three cases and support the monophyly of all Holoadeninae genera, albeit the position of some differs between analyses. We propose a new genus (Microkayla gen. nov.) for the clade containing all Bolivian species formerly in Psychrophrynella plus five species from southern Peru. The new genus is monophyletic and supported by anatomical synapomorphies. Psychrophrynella is re-diagnosed and redefined to include three species from the Andes of southern Peru. We discuss the taxonomic instability associated with Noblella and Psychrophrynella due to the fact that the type species of both genera share a number of traits that support a close relationship. We also name and describe three new species of Bryophryne and two of Microkayla from Peru, provide baseline data for the future description of four Bolivian species of Microkayla, and describe the unknown mating calls of two species. Our results support that the grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes harbour a large diversity of species with small altitudinal and horizontal distributions that replace each other along a latitudinal axis. These species belong to different lineages whose closest relatives are forest species, often from distant parts of the continent. These patterns suggest that high Andean environments were colonized several times independently by species with forest ancestors and which radiated into a multitude of species with remarkably similar ecomorphologies. The extent of these radiations remains obscured by a still rudimentary knowledge of species diversity due to insufficient fieldwork and taxonomic research.

scholarly journals Extensive cryptic species diversity and fine-scale endemism in the marine red alga Portieria in the Philippines

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1753) ◽  
pp. 20122660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dioli Ann Payo ◽  
Frederik Leliaert ◽  
Heroen Verbruggen ◽  
Sofie D'hondt ◽  
Hilconida P. Calumpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Portieria Hornemannii

We investigated species diversity and distribution patterns of the marine red alga Portieria in the Philippine archipelago. Species boundaries were tested based on mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear encoded loci, using a general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model-based approach and a Bayesian multilocus species delimitation method. The outcome of the GMYC analysis of the mitochondrial encoded cox 2-3 dataset was highly congruent with the multilocus analysis. In stark contrast with the current morphology-based assumption that the genus includes a single, widely distributed species in the Indo-West Pacific ( Portieria hornemannii ), DNA-based species delimitation resulted in the recognition of 21 species within the Philippines. Species distributions were found to be highly structured with most species restricted to island groups within the archipelago. These extremely narrow species ranges and high levels of intra-archipelagic endemism contrast with the wide-held belief that marine organisms generally have large geographical ranges and that endemism is at most restricted to the archipelagic level. Our results indicate that speciation in the marine environment may occur at spatial scales smaller than 100 km, comparable with some terrestrial systems. Our finding of fine-scale endemism has important consequences for marine conservation and management.

What, if anything, is a brackish-water fauna?

1989 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. K. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Competing Species ◽  
Soft Sediments

ABSTRACTThe nature of the fauna of brackish-water environments is reviewed. It is concluded that: (a) a specific brackish-water macrofauna does not exist; (b) in salinities of >c. 5-8‰ the fauna is one that also occurs in soft sediments under fully marine conditions when circumstances (possibly the absence of competing species) permit; (c) in salinities of <c. 5‰ the fauna is essentially a freshwater one; and (d) inability to cope physiologically with brackish water is not a factor of major importance in limiting species diversity in these habitats, except in the vicinity of 5‰ salinity. Caution is therefore advised in assigning brackish status to past environments on the basis of their preserved fauna.

scholarly journals Conexões biogeográficas de savanas brasileiras: partição da diversidade marginal e disjunta e conservação do trópico ecotonal setentrional em um hotspot de biodiversidade

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Joxleide Mendes Costa-Coutinho ◽  
Mário Augusto Jardim ◽  
Antônio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro ◽  
Arleu Barbosa Viana-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Neotropical Savannas ◽  
High Degree

As savanas neotropicais estão distribuídas predominantemente no território brasileiro na forma de fitofisionomias que variam de campo cerrado a cerradão. A variabilidade na riqueza é tão marcante que menos de 15% da diversidade é mantida ao longo de sua abrangência. Para contribuir com o entendimento dos padrões de distribuição da vegetação do cerrado e com a diferenciação das comunidades ecotonais setentrionais, utilizou-se um banco de dados com 482 comunidades de cerrado sensu lato, em diferentes expressões florísticas, que acumulou 1221 espécies lenhosas. Calculou-se padrões de composições similares entre comunidades (floras areais), destacando as concentrações florísticas setentrionais, e evidenciou-se elevado grau de β-diversidade mediante a formação de nove floras sinareais. Tais níveis de rotatividade atestam que numerosas unidades de conservação em diferentes regiões são necessárias para proteger toda a diversidade de espécies, fisionomias e funcionalidades dos cerrados. Os resultados fornecem uma atualização e complementação científica na qual os tomadores de decisão nacionais podem contextualizar o significado mesológico dos cerrados brasileiro como condutores ambientais conectados a um sistema em maior escala. Biogeographic connections of Brazilian savannas: partition of marginal and disjunct diversity and conservation of northern ecotonal tropics in a biodiversity hotspot A B S T R A C TThe neotropical savannas are distributed predominantly in the Brazilian territory in the form of phytophysiognomies that vary from Campo limpo of Cerrado to Cerradão. The variability in richness is so remarkable that less than 15% of diversity is maintained throughout its range. To contribute to the understanding of the distribution patterns of the Cerrado vegetation and to the differentiation of northern ecotonal communities, a database of 482 communities of Cerrado sensu lato, in different floristic expressions, that accumulated 1.221 woody species was used. Similar composition patterns were calculated between communities (“areal” floras, typical of each area), highlighting the northern floristic concentrations, and a high degree of β-diversity was evidenced by the formation of nine synareal floras. These levels of turnover attest that numerous protected areas in different regions are necessary to protect all species diversity, physiognomies and functionalities of the cerrados. The results provide an update and scientific complementation in which national decision makers can contextualize the mesological meaning of Brazilian cerrados as environmental conductors connected to a larger scale system.Keywords: Cerrado, beta diversity, phytogeography, ecotone, synareal flora, marginal and disjunct savannas

scholarly journals Multiscale spatial patterns of species diversity and biomass in subalpine meadows on the east of the Loess Plateau, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Manhou ◽  
Zhang Shixiong ◽  
Yang Xiaoyan ◽  
Wen Jing ◽  
Liu Min
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Subalpine Meadows ◽  
Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mountain Systems

Background. Researchers frequently discuss spatial distribution patterns of species diversity and biomass together with their correlations along geographical gradients. Typical subalpine meadows occur widely on the east of the Loess Plateau, China. In recent years, with a rapid development of tourism and pasture husbandry, subalpine meadows have experienced extensive and severe degradation caused by humans in the mountain systems of the Plateau, where their environments are sensitive and fragile, meadows degradation had been increasing, and biodiversity has been threatened seriously. Methods. In our study, we selected nine mountains belonging to four mountain systems from north to south on the east of the plateau. We analyzed five latitudinal and longitudinal gradients together with six elevational gradients to study the spatial distribution patterns of species diversity (including α, β, and γ diversity) and biomass plus with their relationships at various scales. Results. For diversity, α-Diversity manifested unimodal variation patterns in horizontal spaces, peaking at high latitude and low longitude. However, α-diversity was not sensitive to elevation in vertical spaces and tended to decrease with increasing elevation. With increased latitude, longitude, and elevation, β-Diversity diminished; meanwhile, the rate of species turnover decreased and the similarity of community composition enlarged. γ-Diversity demonstrated quadratic function changes that were initially incremental and then decreased with increasing longitude, elevation, and latitude from 37.5° to 40°. For biomass, changes of aboveground biomass (AB) were more obvious along latitudinal gradients, whereas variations of belowground biomass (BB) had smaller differences along longitudinal and latitudinal gradients. More biomass was allocated to BB toward the north and east, whereas total biomass (TB) allocation was more evident at greater latitude than greater longitude. With increased elevation, more TB was also allocated to BB, and the relationship of biomass to elevation was closer in AB. In addition, species diversity had the strongest positive influence on AB. The Patrick and Shannon indices had correlations of power functions with AB and root-to-shoot ratio, respectively, indicating that an allometric model could be used to model relationships between species diversity and biomass. Discussion. The unique geomorphological structures with a series of basins between mountain systems on the east of the Loess Plateau, meant that subalpine meadows were mostly distributed along latitudinal directions, so the spatial distribution of species diversity and biomass was more evident along latitudinal gradients, and thus the response of aboveground biomass was more sensitive to variations of spatial gradients and species diversity.

scholarly journals Croatian mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera): species diversity and distribution patterns

ZooKeys ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 523 ◽  
pp. 99-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Vilenica ◽  
Jean-Luc Gattolliat ◽  
Zlatko Mihaljević ◽  
Michel Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Distribution Patterns
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