scholarly journals Atlantic cod and snow crab predator–prey size relationship in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Chabot ◽  
B Sainte-Marie ◽  
K Briand ◽  
JM Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Snow Crab ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Size Relationship

scholarly journals Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua) diet composition: long-term interannual, seasonal, and ontogenetic patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1641-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E Holt ◽  
Bjarte Bogstad ◽  
Joël M Durant ◽  
Andrey V Dolgov ◽  
Geir Ottersen
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Polar Cod ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The North

Abstract Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is an ecologically and commercially important species in the North-Atlantic region. Cod is a top predator and information on its trophic ecology is integral for understanding predator–prey relationships and food-web dynamics. We present an analysis of the trophic patterns of Barents Sea (BS) cod using a unique 33-year time-series of stomach-content data from 1984 to 2016. We assessed patterns in diet (prey) composition across years, between seasons, as well as ontogenetic trends in diet, including predator–prey size relationships. Ontogenetic shifts in diet were observed, with fish becoming more important prey with increasing cod size. A very early onset of piscivory was found in <20 cm cod. Cannibalism was found in cod > 20 cm and increased with size. Juvenile cod exhibit a tendency towards consuming prey up to 33% of their body length, whereas larger cod feed on all prey sizes, resulting in asymmetric predator–prey size distributions. Diet varied significantly during 1984–2016, consistent with changes in both prey, cod abundance, and distribution. Seasonal differences were observed; capelin dominated the winter diet, whereas cod, polar cod, and other fish species were prevalent in summer/autumn months. This work represents an important step towards understanding trophic linkages that determine BS ecosystem dynamics.

Predator size and prey size: presumed relationship in the mantid Hierodula coarctata Saussure

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1760-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Holling ◽  
R. L. Dunbrack ◽  
L. M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
Interspecific Relationship ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Predator Size ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
Tibia Length

Measurements of tibia length and tibial hook angle were used to calculate optimum prey size in 714 specimens of the mantid Hierodula coarctata. These values were then regressed on the cube root of dry body weight to derive a presumed predator–prey size relationship for the species. Energetic arguments are advanced to account for the observed relationship. An interspecific relationship is also demonstrated for three species of mantids and two species of mantis shrimp (stomatopod crustaceans).

scholarly journals The mechanics of predator–prey interactions: First principles of physics predict predator–prey size ratios

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien M. J. Portalier ◽  
Gregor F. Fussmann ◽  
Michel Loreau ◽  
Mehdi Cherif
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Predator Prey

scholarly journals The impact of large terrestrial carnivores on Pleistocene ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaire Van Valkenburgh ◽  
Matthew W. Hayward ◽  
William J. Ripple ◽  
Carlo Meloro ◽  
V. Louise Roth
Keyword(s):  
Prey Size ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ground Sloths

Large mammalian terrestrial herbivores, such as elephants, have dramatic effects on the ecosystems they inhabit and at high population densities their environmental impacts can be devastating. Pleistocene terrestrial ecosystems included a much greater diversity of megaherbivores (e.g., mammoths, mastodons, giant ground sloths) and thus a greater potential for widespread habitat degradation if population sizes were not limited. Nevertheless, based on modern observations, it is generally believed that populations of megaherbivores (>800 kg) are largely immune to the effects of predation and this perception has been extended into the Pleistocene. However, as shown here, the species richness of big carnivores was greater in the Pleistocene and many of them were significantly larger than their modern counterparts. Fossil evidence suggests that interspecific competition among carnivores was relatively intense and reveals that some individuals specialized in consuming megaherbivores. To estimate the potential impact of Pleistocene large carnivores, we use both historic and modern data on predator–prey body mass relationships to predict size ranges of their typical and maximum prey when hunting as individuals and in groups. These prey size ranges are then compared with estimates of juvenile and subadult proboscidean body sizes derived from extant elephant growth data. Young proboscideans at their most vulnerable age fall within the predicted prey size ranges of many of the Pleistocene carnivores. Predation on juveniles can have a greater impact on megaherbivores because of their long interbirth intervals, and consequently, we argue that Pleistocene carnivores had the capacity to, and likely did, limit megaherbivore population sizes.

Feeding Habits and Predator-Prey Size Relationships in the Whiptail LizardCnemidophorus ocellifer(Teiidae) in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul F. D. Sales ◽  
Leonardo B. Ribeiro ◽  
Jaqueiuto S. Jorge ◽  
Eliza M. X. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Prey Size ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Predator Prey
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