scholarly journals Satellite measurements of cyanobacterial bloom frequency in the Baltic Sea: interannual and spatial variability

2007 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kahru ◽  
OP Savchuk ◽  
R Elmgren
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Dissolved iron (II) in the Baltic Sea surface water and implications for cyanobacterial bloom development

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3803-3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Breitbarth ◽  
J. Gelting ◽  
J. Walve ◽  
L. J. Hoffmann ◽  
D. R. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Iron chemistry measurements were conducted during summer 2007 at two distinct locations in the Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep and Landsort Deep) to evaluate the role of iron for cyanobacterial bloom development in these estuarine waters. Depth profiles of Fe(II) were measured by chemiluminescent flow injection analysis (CL-FIA) and reveal several origins of Fe(II) to the water column. Photoreduction of Fe(III)-complexes and deposition by rain are main sources of Fe(II) (up to 0.9 nmol L−1) in light penetrated surface waters. Indication for organic Fe(II) complexation resulting in prolonged residence times in oxygenated water was observed. Surface dwelling heterocystous cyanobacteria where mainly responsible for Fe(II) consumption in comparison to other phytoplankton. The significant Fe(II) concentrations in surface waters apparently play a major role in cyanobacterial bloom development in the Baltic Sea and are a major contributor to the Fe requirements of diazotrophs. Second, Fe(II) concentrations up to 1.44 nmol L−1 were observed at water depths below the euphotic zone, but above the oxic anoxic interface. Finally, all Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II) in anoxic deep water. However, only a fraction thereof is present as ferrous ions (up to 28 nmol L−1) and was detected by the CL-FIA method applied. Despite their high concentrations, it is unlikely that ferrous ions originating from sub-oxic waters could be a temporary source of bioavailable iron to the euphotic zone since mixed layer depths after strong wind events are not deep enough in summer time.

Comparison of the main sea ice parameters received from satellite measurements and based on numerical simulation for the Baltic Sea region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromir Jakacki ◽  
Maciej Muzyka ◽  
Marta Konik ◽  
Anna Przyborska ◽  
Jan Andrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

<p>During the last decades remote sensing observations as well as modelling tools has been developed and become key elements of oceanographic research. One of the main advantages of both tools is a possibility of measuring large-scale areas.</p><p>The remote sensing measurements deliver only snapshots of the ice situation with no information about backgroundconditions. Moreover, providing picture of the whole area requires sometimes combining various datasets that increases uncertainties.  Modelling simulations provide full history of external conditions, but they also introduce errors that are the result of parameterizations. Also, an inaccuracy provided by forcing fields at the top and bottom boundaries are accumulated in the model.</p><p>In this work sea ice parameters such as sea ice concentration, thickness and volume obtained from both – satellite measurements and modelling has been compared. Numerical simulations were performed using standalone Community Ice Code (CICE) model (v. 6.0). It is a descendant of the basin scale dynamic-thermodynamic and thickness distribution sea ice model. The model is well known by scientific community and was widely used in a global as well as regional research, even operationally. The satellite derived ice thickness products were based on the C band HH-polarized SAR measurements originating from the satellites Sentinel-1 and RADARSAT-2. The sea ice concentration maps contain also visual and infrared information from MODIS and NOAA.</p><p>The ice extent, thickness and volume were compared in several regions within the Baltic Sea.  Seasonal changes were analyzed with a particular attention to ice formation and melting time. The sea ice extent datasets were compatible. Inconsistencies were observed for the sea ice thickness delivered by satellite measurements, especially during the ice melt. The work presents direction for ignoring satellite data with an error related to ice melting that allows for excluding erroneous satellite maps and obtain reliable intercalibration.</p><p> </p><p>This work was partly funded by Polish National Science Centre, project number 2017/25/B/ST10/00159</p>

scholarly journals Dissection of Microbial Community Functions during a Cyanobacterial Bloom in the Baltic Sea via Metatranscriptomics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Berg ◽  
Chris L. Dupont ◽  
Johannes Asplund-Samuelsson ◽  
Narin A. Celepli ◽  
Alexander Eiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Dissolved iron (II) in the Baltic Sea surface water and implications for cyanobacterial bloom development

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2397-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Breitbarth ◽  
J. Gelting ◽  
J. Walve ◽  
L. J. Hoffmann ◽  
D. R. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Oxic Zone ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Summer Time

Abstract. Iron chemistry measurements were conducted during summer 2007 at two distinct locations in the Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep and Landsort Deep) to evaluate the role of iron for cyanobacterial bloom development in these estuarine waters. Depth profiles of Fe(II) were measured by chemiluminescent flow injection analysis (CL-FIA). Up to 0.9 nmol Fe(II) L−1 were detected in light penetrated surface waters, which constitutes up to 20% to the dissolved Fe pool. This bioavailable iron source is a major contributor to the Fe requirements of Baltic Sea phytoplankton and apparently plays a major role for cyanobacterial bloom development during our study. Measured Fe(II) half life times in oxygenated water exceed predicted values and indicate organic Fe(II) complexation. Potential sources for Fe(II) ligands, including rainwater, are discussed. Fe(II) concentrations of up to 1.44 nmol L−1 were detected at water depths below the euphotic zone, but above the oxic anoxic interface. Mixed layer depths after strong wind events are not deep enough in summer time to penetrate the oxic-anoxic boundary layer. However, Fe(II) from anoxic bottom water may enter the sub-oxic zone via diapycnal mixing and diffusion.

SEA ICE AND ITS INFLUENCE TO COASTAL PROCESSES – BALTIC SEA, ESTONIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
К Орвикку ◽  
K Orvikku ◽  
Х. Тониссон ◽  
H. Tonisson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea region is characterized by variable winter weather conditions. Sea ice forms near the Estonian coast almost every winter and is characterized by large temporal and spatial variability [1, 2].

scholarly journals Maximum rates of N2 fixation and primary production are out of phase in a developing cyanobacterial bloom in the Baltic Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1514-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Gallon ◽  
A. M. Evans ◽  
D. A. Jones ◽  
P. Albertano ◽  
R. Congestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic
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