scholarly journals Latent effects of larval food limitation on filtration rate, carbon assimilation and growth in juvenile gastropod Crepidula onyx

2007 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
JMY Chiu ◽  
TYT Ng ◽  
WX Wang ◽  
V Thiyagarajan ◽  
PY Qian
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Latent Effects ◽  
Crepidula Onyx

Differential timing of larval starvation effects on filtration rate and growth in juvenile Crepidula onyx

2008 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Y. Chiu ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
V. Thiyagarajan ◽  
P. Y. Qian
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Starvation Effects ◽  
Differential Timing ◽  
Crepidula Onyx

scholarly journals Larval Food Limitation in a Speyeria Butterfly (Nymphalidae): How Many Butterflies Can Be Supported?

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Ryan Hill ◽  
Cassidi Rush ◽  
John Mayberry
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Adult Abundance

For herbivorous insects the importance of larval food plants is obvious, yet the role of host abundance and density in conservation are relatively understudied. Populations of Speyeria butterflies across North America have declined and Speyeria adiaste is an imperiled species endemic to the southern California Coast Ranges. In this paper, we study the link between the food plant Viola purpurea quercetorum and abundance of its herbivore Speyeria adiaste clemencei to better understand the butterfly’s decline and aid in restoration of this and other Speyeria species. To assess the degree to which the larval food plant limits adult abundance of S. a. clemencei in 2013, we compared adult population counts to population size predicted from a Monte Carlo simulation using data for number of V. pur. quercetorum plants, number of leaves per plant, and leaf area per plant, with lab estimates of leaf area consumed to reach pupal stage on the non-native host V. papilionacea. Results indicated an average estimate of 765 pupae (median = 478), with 77% of the distribution being <1000 pupae. However, this was heavily dependent on plant distribution, and accounting for the number of transect segments with sufficient host to support a pupa predicted 371 pupae. The adult population empirical estimate was 227 individuals (95% CI is 146 to 392), which lies near the first quartile of the simulated distribution. These results indicate that the amount of host available to larvae was more closely linked to adult abundance than the amount of host present, especially when considering assumptions of the analyses. The data also indicate that robust populations require host density well in excess of what is eaten by larvae, in combination with appropriate spacing, to mitigate factors such as competition, starvation from leaving host patches, or unrelated to food plant, such as mortality from drought, predators, parasites, or disease.

The parental effects of body size on developmental phenotype in Harmonia axyridis

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-699
Author(s):  
J.P. Michaud ◽  
M.H. Bayoumy ◽  
R. Perumal ◽  
S.S. Awadalla ◽  
M. El-Gendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Egg Fertility

AbstractBody size is a trait with many potential impacts on fitness. Adult body size can affect the strength of condition-dependent parental effects that determine offspring phenotypes, with potentially important transgenerational consequences. In a preliminary experiment, larval food deprivation (30 min daily access) created Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) females that weighed <50% of controls reared on ad libitum food (eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller). Although only 1/3 of larvae survived to adulthood in the 30 min treatment, adult pairs produced eggs that were not significantly different in size from those of pairs fed ad libitum as larvae. Less extreme larval food deprivation (4 h daily access) was used to create a cohort of H. axyridis that weighed <60% of controls reared on ad libitum food. Small couples had lower 20-day fecundities and reduced egg fertility relative to large couples. Both egg and pupal periods were shortest when both parents were small, and longest when both parents were large, with reciprocal crosses intermediate. There were no consistent effects of parental body size on larval development time, but the progeny of small females mated to large males pupated later than other treatments. Progeny of large pairs had the heaviest adult weights at emergence, and progeny of small pairs, the lightest, with the progeny of reciprocal crosses intermediate. Small females produced the lightest female offspring, whereas small males sired the lightest male offspring, suggesting stronger responses to epigenetic signals from parents of the same sex. These results indicate that H. axyridis cohorts maturing with abundant food will produce progeny with larger potential body size and fitness, whereas those experiencing food limitation will confer size and fitness limitations to the subsequent generation, with potentially important implications for short-term population dynamics.

Phenotypic Plasticity and Phenotypic Links in Larval Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 285-309
Author(s):  
Luis Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Plastic Responses

Marine crustaceans show a suite of phenotypically plastic responses to the environment, with some restricted to the larval phase and others transcending life history boundaries, linking life phases or generations. Maternal effects include the effects of allocation of reserves into eggs as well as effects of the embryonic environment on tolerance to low salinity or larval body mass. Within the larval phase, there is a diversity of plastic responses involving changes in body size, growth, and developmental rate; they can occur within the molt cycle, involve several molting stages, or result in the development of alternative pathways characterized by the different larval stages. In feeding larvae, the effects of stressors on body mass may be attenuated by delayed development; however, in nonfeeding larvae (e.g., barnacle cyprids), delayed metamorphosis reduces juvenile body size and habitat selectivity. Also, larval food limitation and increased temperatures away from the optimum lead to reduced body mass during metamorphosis. Overall, many of these responses are adaptive and lead to the maintenance of basic functions at the expense of morphogenesis and growth. Some plastic responses that lead to changes in size during metamorphosis can also have consequences for juvenile size growth and survival. These “latent effects” appear to represent forms of developmental trade-offs and may have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Larval plasticity, by generating phenotypic variation, may influence the capacity to compete, capture resources, tolerate stressors, and, ultimately, may affect recruitment dynamics. In addition, plastic responses linking life history stages also result in genetic links and hence drive the evolution of crustaceans with complex life cycles.

Larval food limitation in butterflies: effects on adult resource allocation and fitness

Oecologia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Boggs ◽  
Kimberly D. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Larval Food

Effects of food limitation and emigration on self-thinning in experimental minnow cohorts

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Dunham ◽  
B. R. Dickerson ◽  
E. Beever ◽  
R. D. Duncan ◽  
G. L. Vinyard
Keyword(s):  
Food Limitation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document