scholarly journals Histopathological changes related to chemical contamination in Mytilus edulis from field and experimental conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Auffret
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Further studies on the effects of stress in the adult on the eggs of Mytilus edulis

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L Bayne ◽  
D. L. Holland ◽  
M. N. Moore ◽  
D. M. Lowe ◽  
J. Widdows
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Scope For Growth ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
The Impact

Mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) were held under five different experimental conditions for 8 weeks during which measurements of physiological condition, and certain cytological and cytochemical observations, were made. The mussels were then induced to spawn and the numbers of eggs released, the weights of these eggs, and their biochemical composition, were determined. During the experiment new gametes were developed by mussels under all conditions, but there was also a simultaneous regression and resorption of previously formed gametes, particularly in mussels under the greatest stress from high temperature and lack of food. The degree of stress experienced by the animals was measured as the scope for growth, or the energy available for somatic growth and the production of gametes. The distribution and activity of lysosomal enzymes within the Leydig tissue of the mantle suggested that autolysis of these cells occurred, coupled to the mobilization of glycogen for gametogenesis. Mussels under stress produced fewer and smaller eggs, in smaller follicles, than mussels not under stress. The biochemical composition of the eggs (as µg of biochemical component per mg of egg) did not vary consistently with adult condition, but eggs from stressed females had less lipid and protein than eggs from normal females. It is suggested that these relationships between the physiological condition of the adult, gametogenesis, fecundity and the biochemical content of the eggs are important for understanding the impact of the environment on ecological fitness.

Sublethal biological effects and chemical contaminant monitoring of Sullom Voe (Shetland) using mussels (Mytilus edulis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Widdows ◽  
Peter Donkin ◽  
Sheila V. Evans ◽  
David S. Page ◽  
Peter N. Salkeld
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Scope For Growth ◽  
The North

SynopsisMussels (Mytilus edulis), collected from up to nine sites, were used to monitor the degree of chemical contamination (by petroleum hydrocarbons and organotins) and the associated sublethal biological effects (scope for growth) in the vicinity of the North Sea oil terminal at Sullom Voe from 1982 to 1989. Gluss Voe represented a ‘clean reference’ site at which mussels showed a very low level of contamination and a consistently high ‘scope for growth’ (>20 J g−1 h−1). Spatial and temporal changes in the concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the mussel tissues reflected the major sources of oil inputs and the number and size of oil spillages around the tanker loading jetties. Hydrocarbon concentrations in mussels at the oil tanker jetties were typically 10-fold higher than mussels at Gluss Voe. The concentrations of tributyltin in the tissues were greatest in the area near the tanker jetties and showed a steady decline between 1986 and 1989 which correlated with a decline in tanker activity (r = +0.98).The results demonstrated a significant correlation between the net quantity of oil spilled during the month prior to sampling and the accumulated aromatic hydrocarbons in the mussel tissues (r = +0.89). In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between scope for growth and the log concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the mussel tissues (r = −0.83). Toxicological interpretation of tissue residue data indicated that the decline in SFG was caused by accumulated PAHs rather than TBT. Although mussels showed a significant reduction in scope for growth in Sullom Voe they were still able to grow, reproduce and maintain their populations. When these results are placed in a wider geographical context and compared with other UK sites, it is apparent that the ‘clean reference’ site in the Shetland has the lowest recorded levels of organic contaminants, and that other sites in the vicinity of the Sullom Voe Oil Terminal are less contaminated and impacted than many estuaries on the UK mainland.

scholarly journals TOXIC AND IMMUNOTOXIC EVALUATION OF KETAMINE AND/OR ETHANOL IN RATS DURING 28 DAYS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
PatrÍcia Franciscone Mendes ◽  
Karin Argenti Simon ◽  
Isis Machado Hueza
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hepatic Markers

Objective: Studies have shown that ketamine (K) and ethanol (E) have immunomodulatory activity; however, few studies were performed with concomitant treatments. Thus, we evaluated the toxic and immunotoxic effects of this association.Methods: Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n=8/group), each receiving one of the following treatments, for 28 d: K group (15 mg/kg of ketamine, intraperitoneally); E group [1.0 ml of ethanol 10% (approximately 0,08g/rat), gavage]; KE group, receiving both treatments; and Control (Co) group, receiving only vehicles. On day 29, animals were euthanized for biochemical, hematological, histopathological and immunological evaluation.Results: Although the experimental conditions did not elicit changes on immune parameters, some biochemical alterations were detected in the different groups. Even in the absence of nutritional and histopathological changes, or renal and hepatic markers that could indicate tissue damage, a reduction on alkaline phosphatase levels in rats from K and KE groups was observed. Moreover, changes in lipid markers [cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)] were found in the different groups studied, suggesting that K and E could promote a synergic/antagonistic effect.Conclusion: In conclusion, despite biochemical alterations promoted by K and E, associated or not, the doses here employed did not promote immunotoxic effects on rats treated for 28 d. (response to the suggestion in the end of the paper). 

scholarly journals Histopathology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic DBA/2N and CD-1 mice

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Honjo ◽  
K. Doi ◽  
C. Doi ◽  
T. Mitsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Cell Deformation ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Schiff Reagent ◽  
Distal Tubules

Histopathological examinations were carried out on female DBA/2N and CD-1 mice which were autopsied 4 and 12 weeks after six daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (SZ). Histopathological changes related to SZ treatment were found in the pancreas, liver and kidneys. Little difference was observed between the two strains in the histological changes of the pancreas (a decrease in size of the islets, and degranulation and a decrease in the number of B cells) and liver (hypertrophy of hepatocytes and cytoplasmic invagination into hepatocyte nuclei). With regard to the changes in the kidneys, DBA/2N mice showed characteristic inclusions positive to periodic acid-Schiff reagent in the distal tubule epithelial cells, while CD-1 mice showed remarkable luminal dilatation and epithelial cell deformation of distal tubules. SZ-induced diabetes had no innuence on the development of spontaneous cardiovascular lesions in DBA/2N mice under the present experimental conditions.

The effect of concentration of suspension and inert material on the assimilation of algae by three bivalves

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Foster-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Arctica Islandica ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Modiolus Modiolus

Assimilation efficiencies reported for bivalves vary, but different experimental conditions, in particular the concentration of the suspension at which the animals are fed, may affect the values found. Widdows & Bayne (1971) determined the assimilation efficiency for Mytilus edulis when fed Tetraselmis and they found that efficiencies decreased with increasing concentration of cells. Allen (1962) fed radioactively labelled Phaeodactylum to Mya arenaria and Venus striatula and suggested that the amount of P recovered in the faeces was proportional to the amount of algae ingested rather than to concentration of suspension directly. However, Winter (1969) concluded that for Arctica islandica and Modiolus modiolus there was no relation between assimilation efficiency and concentration of algae.

Electrolytic Isolation of Twin-Type Shock Deformation Structures

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
F. I. Grace ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Current Density ◽  
Electron Transmission ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Specimen Edge

During the course of electron transmission investigations of the deformation structures associated with shock-loaded thin foil specimens of 70/30 brass, it was observed that in a number of instances preferential etching occurred along grain boundaries; and that the degree of etching appeared to depend upon the various experimental conditions prevailing during electropolishing. These included the electrolyte composition, the average current density, and the temperature in the vicinity of the specimen. In the specific case of 70/30 brass shock-loaded at pressures in the range 200-400 kilobars, the predominant mode of deformation was observed to be twin-type faults which in several cases exhibited preferential etching similar to that observed along grain boundaries. A novel feature of this particular phenomenon was that in certain cases, especially for twins located in the vicinity of the specimen edge, the etching or preferential electropolishing literally isolated these structures from the matrix.

Site of Lysosome Production During Hepatic Injury

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Nalin J. Unakar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Close Approximation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Toxic Injury

The increased number of lysosomes as well as the close approximation of lysosomes to the Golgi apparatus in tissue under variety of experimental conditions is commonly observed. These observations suggest Golgi involvement in lysosomal production. The role of the Golgi apparatus in the production of lysosomes in mouse liver was studied by electron microscopy of liver following toxic injury by CCI4.

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