scholarly journals Assessment of the threatened carnivore community in the recently expanded rainforest protected area Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
PH Ross ◽  
E Patel ◽  
B Ferguson ◽  
NR Ravelijaona ◽  
GI Raoloniana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Cryptoprocta Ferox ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Free Ranging

Madagascar is an island nation renowned for its biodiversity and species endemism, yet it is still largely understudied despite intense anthropogenic threats including forest loss and edge effects. Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve is a recently expanded rainforest protected area that is lacking detailed surveys and assessments of the native carnivore community of the endemic family Eupleridae. To identify which terrestrial carnivores occupy the reserve and what anthropogenic disturbances and factors best explain their occurrence patterns, we deployed 35 motion-activated cameras to detect native and introduced carnivores. From November 2018 to February 2019, we collected 2918 unique capture events (all species) and confirmed the presence of 5 euplerids: Galidia elegans, Galidictis fasciata, Eupleres goudotii, Fossa fossana, and Cryptoprocta ferox. These results extend the known range of E. goudotii and G. fasciata. In the reserve, F. fossana and G. elegans were the most common and widespread native carnivores, while E. goudotii was the rarest. We highlight the negative impact of edge effects on G. fasciata and F. fossana and the threat posed by the free-ranging non-native carnivore C. familiaris. This study represents the first detailed survey and occurrence estimates of the carnivore community of this protected area, allowing comparison with other protected areas in Madagascar. Our empirical findings show that anthropogenic disturbance negatively impacts carnivore existence within the Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve and provide important management recommendations for protecting the carnivore community and the co-occurring wildlife living within this area.

Changes in escape behaviour of black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis) over an anthropogenic disturbance gradient

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Pooja Panwar ◽  
Pilar Angélica Gómez-Ruiz ◽  
Matthew N. Zipple ◽  
Luis Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Disturbance Gradient ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ctenosaura Similis ◽  
Flight Initiation

Abstract Studies on the impact of human activity on animal behaviour are critical for understanding the extent to which humans affect ecological dynamics. Previous studies have found that human presence alters antipredator behaviours, which can be measured by flight initiation distance (FID). We investigated escape behaviour of 96 black iguanas (Ctenosaura similis) across a gradient of human disturbance in six sites inside a protected area in Costa Rica. We used a field experiment to test for effect of human disturbance on FID. We found that individuals from higher disturbance sites had shorter FIDs, meaning that black iguanas from disturbed areas allow closer approaches. This finding is consistent with the prediction that some animals become more habituated to human presence as the degree of human disturbance increases. We propose that black iguanas’ ability to alter their behaviour in response to humans’ presence could make them especially adept at invading new environments.

scholarly journals Disentangling the environmental impact of different human disturbances: a case study on islands

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Steibl ◽  
Christian Laforsch
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Abstract Coastal ecosystems suffer substantially from the worldwide population growth and its increasing land demands. A common approach to investigate anthropogenic disturbance in coastal ecosystems is to compare urbanized areas with unaffected control sites. However, the question remains whether different types of anthropogenic disturbance that are elements of an urbanized area have the same impact on beach ecosystems. By investigating small islands that are utilized for tourism, inhabited by the local population, or remained completely uninhabited, we disentangled different anthropogenic disturbances and analysed their impacts on hermit crabs as indicator species. We observed a negative impact on abundance on tourist islands and a negative impact on body size on local islands. In comparison to the uninhabited reference, both disturbances had an overall negative impact. As both forms of disturbance also impacted the underlying food resource and habitat availability differently, we propose that the findings from our study approach are valid for most obligate beach species in the same system. This demonstrates that in urbanized areas, the coastal ecosystem is not always impacted identically, which emphasizes the importance of considering the particular type of anthropogenic disturbance when planning conservation action in urbanized areas.

Geomorphic edge effects in response to abiotic and anthropogenic disturbances in forest ecosystems of the Gorce Mountains, Western Carpathians

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 134-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Pawlik ◽  
Pavel Šamonil ◽  
Ireneusz Malik ◽  
Paweł Kroh ◽  
Albert Ślęzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Western Carpathians

The uneasy coexistence between Carpet Pythons and Cane Toads

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Brown ◽  
Jeremy Hemphill ◽  
Richard Shine
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
A Site ◽  
Free Ranging

We describe a case of a free-ranging Carpet Python Morelia spilota consuming a toxic Cane Toad Rhinella marina, and dying as a result. Such an encounter would not be surprising at the toad invasion front, where predators first confront this novel prey type. However, the encounter we describe occurred at a site near Darwin where toads have been present for fifteen years. Other reports suggest that the behaviour we observed occurs across the snake’s range. Lethal ingestion of toads has been suggested to threaten the viability of populations of Carpet Pythons, but paradoxically, our surveys at this site reveal a twofold increase in abundance of Carpet Pythons since the arrival of toads. Toad invasion likely has favoured pythons by reducing the abundance of large monitor lizards, that are both predators and competitors of Carpet Pythons. That advantage has outweighed occasional cases where a snake is fatally poisoned by consuming a toad. Thus, the overall impact of Cane Toads on Carpet Pythons (and likely, other predator species) is a balance between direct costs and indirect benefits. Negative impacts on individuals may not necessarily translate to a negative impact on the species.

Integrated land-sea management: recommendations for planning, implementation and management

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM E. REUTER ◽  
DANIEL JUHN ◽  
HEDLEY S. GRANTHAM
Keyword(s):  
Program Planning ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Ecological Connectivity ◽  
Program Success ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Management Recommendations

SUMMARYMarine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems face increasing anthropogenic threats that are exacerbated by the ecological connectivity between realms; integrated land-sea management (ILSM) is a framework that can help address this connectivity. However, gaps in our knowledge regarding ILSM remain. This study reviewed 108 relevant studies to understand how ILSM is being utilized. Summarized are: (1) characteristics of integrated land-sea programs; (2) recommendations made from the literature for program planning, implementation and management; (3) how applied programs have been planned, implemented and managed; and (4) recommendations for undertaking ILSM. It was found that applied programs did not often adhere to the strategies recommended by theoretical papers. Applied programs were less likely than theoretical papers to specifically name the land-sea connection, over 50% did not apply a framework or governance approach, many did not include key stakeholders, and over 80% listed at least one conflict or hurdle that decreased program success. This study highlighted the difficulties of undertaking ILSM given the high number of stakeholders, government agencies and experts involved. Based on the findings, recommendations for future ILSM programs are provided.

scholarly journals Emergent vulnerability to intensive coastal anthropogenic disturbances in mangrove forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Coastal Reclamation

Mangrove forests, as one of the most productive coastal ecosystems in tropical and subtropical areas, provide multiple valuable ecosystem services for human well-being. Mangrove coverage has been declining dramatically across much of developing regions due to extensive coastal anthropogenic disturbances such as reclamation, aquaculture, and seawall construction. As coastal human activities increase, there is urgent need to understand not only the direct loss, but also the vulnerability of mangroves to anthropogenic disturbances. In this study, we evaluated spatial pattern of mangrove vulnerability based on the conceptual framework of "Exposure-Sensitivity-Resilience" using geospatial datasets in mainland China. We find that within all 25,829 ha mangroves in five coastal provinces of mainland China in 2015, nearly 76% of mangroves was exposed or threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. Coastal reclamation and aquaculture were the key threats causing mangrove vulnerability. The overall distribution of high, medium and low vulnerability was following similar trend of aquaculture distribution, which suggests aquaculture was the greatest anthropogenic disturbance agent to mangroves. Hotspot regions for mangrove vulnerability are located at the developing provinces such as Guangxi and Hainan. This study provides the first spatially explicit evidence of the vulnerability of mangrove forests to intensive coastal anthropogenic disturbances at national scale, cloud serve as a benchmark for navigating coastal ecological redline management and coastal ecosystem restoration.

scholarly journals Analysis of the sources of emissions and the level of atmospheric pollution from the activities of the waste sorting plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Plant Sources

As part of the concession agreement, which meant the creation of a new environmental cluster in the Tyumen region in waste management, a new waste sorting plant is being launched in the city of Tobolsk. The economic activity of the plant will be accompanied by a negative impact on the environment. This article presents an analysis of the impact of the waste sorting plant on the atmospheric air, which showed that when the design capacity of the plant is reached, the amount of pollutants will be 31.87 tons/year, however, the excess of 0.8 MPC in the protected area is not observed. The size of the approximate sanitary protection zone should be 1000 m Keywords: WASTE SORTING PLANT, SOURCES OF EMISSIONS, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION, POLLUTANTS, ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

Managing the ranging behaviour of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) using translocated scent marks

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Jackson ◽  
J. Weldon McNutt ◽  
Peter J. Apps
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Scent Mark ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
Lycaon Pictus ◽  
Ranging Behaviour ◽  
African Wild Dogs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Free Ranging

Context Conflict between large carnivores and livestock outside the boundaries of wildlife areas frequently results in losses to both livestock and predator populations. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus Temminck, 1820) is wide ranging and unrestricted by conventional fences, thereby posing a major challenge to conservation managers. Wild dogs are territorial and communicate residence using scent marks. Simulating the presence of other wild dogs using translocated foreign scent marks may therefore represent a means to manage wild dog ranging behaviour. Aims To investigate the effectiveness of using targeted scent-mark deployments to signal a wild dog pack to return to their frequented range within the safety of a protected area. Methods We report on the ranging behaviour of a wild dog pack reintroduced into a wildlife area in Botswana with no recent history of resident wild dogs. We describe daily movements by the free-ranging introduced pack and compare these to moves following targeted deployment of scent marks when the wild dog pack had ranged close to or outside the boundaries of the protected area. Key results Targeted foreign scent-mark exposure resulted in the pack moving closer to the geometric centre of its range. The mean distance travelled the day after exposure was significantly greater than the distance travelled the previous day and the mean daily distance moved during the study period. Conclusions Targeted exposure to foreign scent marks proved to be a viable alternative to recapturing dogs that had ranged beyond the boundaries of the wildlife area. Implications This novel approach to managing free-ranging carnivores utilises biologically relevant signals and holds potential not only for the conservation of African wild dogs, but also for other territorial species.

Exposure to rabies virus in a population of free-ranging capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in a fragmented, environmentally protected area in southeastern Brazil

Primates ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Puglia Machado ◽  
João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes ◽  
Wilson Uieda ◽  
Alexander Welker Biondo ◽  
Tatiana Morosini de Andrade Cruvinel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Free Ranging
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