scholarly journals A cohabitation challenge to compare the efficacies of vaccines for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Alcorn ◽  
AL Murray ◽  
RJ Pascho ◽  
J Varney
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease

scholarly journals Both msa Genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum Are Needed for Full Virulence in Bacterial Kidney Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 2672-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Coady ◽  
Anthony L. Murray ◽  
Diane G. Elliott ◽  
Linda D. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Juvenile Chinook Salmon ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Important Virulence Factor ◽  
Chromosomal Loci

ABSTRACT Renibacterium salmoninarum, a gram-positive diplococcobacillus that causes bacterial kidney disease among salmon and trout, has two chromosomal loci encoding the major soluble antigen (msa) gene. Because the MSA protein is widely suspected to be an important virulence factor, we used insertion-duplication mutagenesis to generate disruptions of either the msa1 or msa2 gene. Surprisingly, expression of MSA protein in broth cultures appeared unaffected. However, the virulence of either mutant in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by intraperitoneal challenge was severely attenuated, suggesting that disruption of the msa1 or msa2 gene affected in vivo expression.

Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2793-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J Hard ◽  
Diane G Elliott ◽  
Ronald J Pascho ◽  
Dorothy M Chase ◽  
Linda K Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antigen Level ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Listonella Anguillarum ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
High Heritability

We evaluated genetic variation in ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist two bacterial pathogens: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), and Listonella anguillarum, an agent of vibriosis. After measuring R. salmoninarum antigen in 499 adults by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we mated each of 12 males with high or low antigen levels to two females with low to moderate levels and exposed subsets of their progeny to each pathogen separately. We found no correlation between R. salmoninarum antigen level in parents and survival of their progeny following pathogen exposure. We estimated high heritability for resistance to R. salmoninarum (survival h2 = 0.890 ± 0.256 (mean ± standard error)) independent of parental antigen level, but low heritability for resistance to L. anguillarum (h2 = 0.128 ± 0.078). The genetic correlation between these survivals (rA = –0.204 ± 0.309) was near zero. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between survival and antigen levels among surviving progeny exposed to R. salmoninarum were both negative (rA = –0.716 ± 0.140; rP = –0.378 ± 0.041), indicating that variation in antigen level is linked to survival. These results suggest that selective culling of female broodstock with high antigen titers, which is effective in controlling BKD in salmon hatcheries, will not affect resistance of their progeny.

Antibiotic Toxicity, Efficacy, and Teratogenicity in Adult Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. DeCew
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease

Antibiotics were tested for toxicity and efficacy in adult spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) infected with bacterial kidney disease and furunculosis. The complex of penicillin G procaine, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, and oxytetracycline-HCl was not toxic and it effectively controlled both diseases, producing a three-fold increase in adult survival and production of viable eggs.Mandible and fin teratogenesis occurred in progeny of adults treated with the above antibiotic complex, but could be reduced by providing a 32 day interim between injection and spawning.

Assessing developmental errors in branchiostegal rays as indicators of chronic stress in two species of Pacific salmon

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1876-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Bruce Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels

Stress during ontogeny reduces homeostasis, increasing the formation of developmental errors. Fused and partial branchiostegal rays were assessed as indicators of stress throughout embryogenesis in coho salmon (Oncorhy nchus kisutch Walbaum) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum). Error frequencies and the proportion of fish possessing them should increase when development is stressed. Coho parr were examined from reciprocal crosses between two hatchery stocks experiencing artificially fluctuated (between 7 and 12 °C) or ambient (natural) temperatures throughout embryogenesis. Temperature means and ranges were equivalent between treatments, allowing patterns of thermal variance to be compared. Chinook presmolts, having high versus low levels of infection with bacterial kidney disease owing to similar levels of parental infection, also were examined. Sampled fish were cleared and stained and the errors analyzed using categorical linear models and observations of positional distributions. Although partial rays in coho were genetically influenced, fusion frequency increased significantly under fluctuating (551) versus ambient temperatures (163), as did the number of fish with fusions (207 versus 104, respectively). No significant difference between bacterial kidney disease groups was observed, indicating the disease had little influence over error development. Positional distributions of fused rays were bimodal in both species, showing anterior and posterior zones of weaker developmental control. Partial rays occurred at initial and terminal positions in the series, suggesting evolutionary vestigialization in both species. Branchiostegal ray fusions are shown to be useful traits for further investigation of thermal stress during embryogenesis in salmon.

Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D Rhodes ◽  
Cindra K Rathbone ◽  
Stephen C Corbett ◽  
Lee W Harrell ◽  
Mark S Strom
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease
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