scholarly journals Host and geographic range extensions of the North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Hedrick ◽  
WN Batts ◽  
S Yun ◽  
GS Traxler ◽  
J Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
The North ◽  
American Strain

scholarly journals Detection of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the state of Pará, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola do Nascimento Corrêa ◽  
Rafaella Câmara Teixeira ◽  
Carlos Magno Chaves Oliveira ◽  
José Diomedes Barbosa ◽  
Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
North American ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Strain

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of homologous antibodies of IgG class against Borrelia burgdorferi in buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil. Blood serum samples from 491 buffaloes were analyzed by means of the indirect ELISA test, using crude antigen produced from a cultivar of the North American strain G39/40 of B. burgdorferi. There were 412 positive samples (83.91%), and there was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of positive animals between the 81.69% (232/284) originating from Marajó Island and the 86.96% (180/207) from the continental area of the state of Pará. In all the municipalities studied, the frequency of positive findings of antibodies against B. burgdorferi among the animals ranged from 63.6% to 92.9%. The high numbers of seropositive animals can be explained by the frequent presence of the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus, and by the possible existence of spirochetes of the genus Borrelia infecting buffaloes in the region studied, although specific studies are needed to confirm this relationship. These factors suggest that a cross-reaction exists between the North American strain G39/40 of B. burgdorferi, which is used as an antigenic substrate, and the species of Borrelia spp. that possibly infects buffaloes in the state of Pará.

scholarly journals Avian virulence and thermostable replication of the North American strain of West Nile virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 3611-3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kinney ◽  
C. Y.-H. Huang ◽  
M. C. Whiteman ◽  
R. A. Bowen ◽  
S. A. Langevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North American ◽  
West Nile ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
The North ◽  
American Strain

scholarly journals Structural and Nonstructural Protein Genome Regions of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Are Determinants of Interferon Sensitivity and Murine Virulence

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 4920-4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia V. Aguilar ◽  
A. Paige Adams ◽  
Eryu Wang ◽  
Wenli Kang ◽  
Anne-Sophie Carrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
South American ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
The North ◽  
American Strain

ABSTRACT Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes sporadic epidemics of human and equine disease in North America, but South American strains have seldom been associated with human neurologic disease or mortality, despite serological evidence of infection. In mice, most North American and South American strains of EEEV produce neurologic disease that resembles that associated with human and equine infections. We identified a South American strain that is unable to replicate efficiently in the brain or cause fatal disease in mice yet produces 10-fold higher viremia than virulent EEEV strains. The avirulent South American strain was also sensitive to human interferon (IFN)-α, -β, and -γ, like most South American strains, in contrast to North American strains that were highly resistant. To identify genes associated with IFN sensitivity and virulence, infectious cDNA clones of a virulent North American strain and the avirulent South American strain were constructed. Two reciprocal chimeric viruses containing swapped structural and nonstructural protein gene regions of the North American and South American strains were also constructed and found to replicate efficiently in vitro. Both chimeras produced fatal disease in mice, similar to that caused by the virulent North American strain. Both chimeric viruses also exhibited intermediate sensitivity to human IFN-α, -β, and -γ compared to that of the North American and South American strains. Virulence 50% lethal dose assays and serial sacrifice experiments further demonstrated that both structural and nonstructural proteins are important contributors to neurovirulence and viral tissue tropism. Together, the results of this study emphasize the complex and important influences of structural and nonstructural protein gene regions on EEEV virulence.

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