scholarly journals Neutrophil and macrophage responses to inflammation in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. A light and electron microscopic cytochemical study

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Afonso ◽  
S Lousada ◽  
J Silva ◽  
AE Ellis ◽  
MT Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

scholarly journals A practical guide to unbiased quantitative morphological analyses of the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in ecotoxicological studies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243462
Author(s):  
Sonja Fiedler ◽  
Hannah Wünnemann ◽  
Isabel Hofmann ◽  
Natalie Theobalt ◽  
Annette Feuchtinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aquatic Pollutants ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Gill Lamellae

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are frequently used as experimental animals in ecotoxicological studies, in which they are experimentally exposed to defined concentrations of test substances, such as heavy metals, pesticides, or pharmaceuticals. Following exposure to a broad variety of aquatic pollutants, early morphologically detectable toxic effects often manifest in alterations of the gills. Suitable methods for an accurate and unbiased quantitative characterization of the type and the extent of morphological gill alterations are therefore essential prerequisites for recognition, objective evaluation and comparison of the severity of gill lesions. The aim of the present guidelines is to provide practicable, standardized and detailed protocols for the application of unbiased quantitative stereological analyses of relevant morphological parameters of the gills of rainbow trout. These gill parameters inter alia include the total volume of the primary and secondary gill lamellae, the surface area of the secondary gill lamellae epithelium (i.e., the respiratory surface) and the thickness of the diffusion barrier. The featured protocols are adapted to fish of frequently used body size classes (300–2000 g). They include well-established, conventional sampling methods, probes and test systems for unbiased quantitative stereological analyses of light- and electron microscopic 2-D gill sections, as well as the application of modern 3-D light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) of optically cleared gill samples as an innovative, fast and efficient quantitative morphological analysis approach. The methods shown here provide a basis for standardized and representative state-of-the-art quantitative morphological analyses of trout gills, ensuring the unbiasedness and reproducibility, as well as the intra- and inter-study comparability of analyses results. Their broad implementation will therefore significantly contribute to the reliable identification of no observed effect concentration (NOEC) limits in ecotoxicological studies and, moreover, to limit the number of experimental animals by reduction of unnecessary repetition of experiments.

Uptake of neutrophils and neutrophilic components by macrophages in the inflamed peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTÓNIO AFONSO ◽  
JOANA SILVA ◽  
SUSANA LOUSADA ◽  
ANTHONY E. ELLIS ◽  
MANUEL T. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

scholarly journals Pathological and electron microscopic studies on cold water disease among cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Mesalhy Aly ◽  
Wael G. Nouh ◽  
Nashwa Abdel Atti ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Ashram
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Ion Imbalance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Private Farm

The present study aims to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of cold water disease among cultured rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus Mykiss </em>Walbaum) reared at low water temperature on a private farm, and propose preventive and control measures to prevent the recurrence of the disease and its spread to the neighboring farms or to other countries. The disease is caused by <em>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</em> and is characterized clinically by high mortality rates (25%) with necrotizing skin and fin lesions. Septicemia with muscular and gill involvement is observed in severely affected cases. The histopathological and ultrastructure alterations in the infected trout explain the pathogencity of this microorganism in many organs other than skin and fins either directly by these bacteria or by its extracellular products, or indirectly via the hypoxia and ion imbalance that results from skin and gill damage. Although some antibiotics, such as trimethoprime, chloramin T and oxytetracycline, are effective on the causative agent, improvement in water quality, vaccination, increasing fish resistance and strict hygiene as well as quarantine measures would all help.

Copper metabolism and gut morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during chronic sublethal dietary copper exposure

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins N Kamunde ◽  
Martin Grosell ◽  
John NA Lott ◽  
Chris M Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 11 (control), 300 (medium), and 1000 µg Cu·g–1 (high) (as CuSO4·5H2O) in the diet for 28 days at a daily ration of 4% wet body weight, with a background waterborne Cu concentration of 3 µg·L–1. There was no effect of dietary Cu on growth, condition factor, or food conversion efficiency. Whole-body Cu content increased continuously over the exposure period in all groups and was twofold and fourfold higher than controls at day 28 for the medium- and high-Cu diets, respectively. Copper accumulated mainly in liver and gut tissue, with the latter stabilizing by day 14. Accumulation also occurred in gill, kidney, and carcass. Plasma Cu concentration was not different from the controls whereas Cu in bile was greatly elevated, an indication of increased hepatobiliary excretion. Dietary Cu pre-exposure decreased the uptake of waterborne Cu across the gills, providing the first evidence of homeostatic interaction between the two routes of uptake. Electron microscopic observations of the midintestine revealed numerous mitochondria, lysosomes, lamellated bodies, and extensive lamellar processes in the enterocytes. Apoptosis, mitosis, and eosinophilic granule cells were more apparent in Cu-exposed fish.

The essential oils of some medicinal plants on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghasemi Pirbalouti ◽  
E Pirali ◽  
G Pishkar ◽  
S Mohammadali Jalali ◽  
M Reyesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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