scholarly journals Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Ichthyophonus hoferi, and other causes of morbidity in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Marty ◽  
EF Freiberg ◽  
TR Meyers ◽  
J Wilcock ◽  
TB Farver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia

Expression of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in prespawning Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) exposed to weathered crude oil

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2300-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Carls ◽  
G D Marty ◽  
T R Meyers ◽  
R E Thomas ◽  
S D Rice
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia ◽  
Unknown Status ◽  
Splenic Thrombosis

Expression of subclinical viral infection in response to toxicant exposure has not previously been reported, but evidence presented herein indicates that activation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) may occur in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) exposed to crude oil encountered after an oil spill. Decreased incidence of hepatic inflammatory cells as a function of total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) concentration was evidence for immunosuppression in exposed fish, and decreased immune surveillance is a possible mechanism by which subclinical VHSV could be reactivated. Adult Pacific herring of unknown status regarding infection by VHSV were captured from the wild and exposed to weathered crude oil for 16-18 days. TPAH concentration in tissue, VHSV prevalence, and mortality were correlated with dose. Histopathologic lesions were significantly correlated with TPAH concentration and prevalence of VHSV, but not gender or length. Significant lesions included increased hepatocellular necrosis, splenic thrombosis, and decreased inflammation in the liver.

Habitat factors controlling Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) egg loss in Prince William Sound, Alaska

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N Rooper ◽  
Lewis J Haldorson ◽  
Terrance J Quinn II
Keyword(s):  
Fish Predation ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Loss Rates

Recruitment for many marine fishes is believed to be determined at an early life history stage. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) spawn in the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones and have a demersal egg stage that is susceptible to egg removals during incubation. Data were collected by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in four years in Prince William Sound, Alaska, to identify important factors contributing to egg removals. We constructed analysis of variance models based on physical and biological variables to determine which environmental factors control egg loss rates. The habitat variables examined at each study transect were depth, wave exposure, north-south location, substrate, vegetation, mean bird abundance, abundance of loose eggs, and fish predation. Depth of spawn was the primary factor determining egg loss. Cumulative time of air exposure over incubation was substituted into the model for depth. Using the model, the total estimated egg loss from spawning to hatching ranged from 67 to 100% with an average of 75% (SE = 3.3%) in 1995. Eggs were originally deposited from 4 to -6 m depth relative to mean low water. The majority of eggs that remained in the spawning beds to hatching were deposited from 1 to -4 m depth. Egg removals due to avian predation were probably responsible for extreme egg loss rates at shallow depths.

scholarly journals Data conflicts in fishery models: incorporating hydroacoustic data into the Prince William Sound Pacific herring assessment model

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter-John F. Hulson ◽  
Sara E. Miller ◽  
Terrance J. Quinn ◽  
Gary D. Marty ◽  
Steven D. Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Population Indices ◽  
Asa Model

Abstract Hulson, P-J. F., Miller, S. E., Quinn, T. J. II, Marty, G. D., Moffitt, S. D., and Funk, F. 2008. Data conflicts in fishery models: incorporating hydroacoustic data into the Prince William Sound Pacific herring assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 25–43. Data conflicts present difficulties in running integrated assessment models as shown by the age-structured assessment (ASA) model for the Pacific herring population in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. After the 1989 “Exxon Valdez” oil spill in PWS, the Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) ASA model indicated a significant decline in the population, starting in winter 1992. Back-calculated estimates from hydroacoustic abundance surveys that started in 1993 suggested that the ASA model overestimated herring biomass from 1990 to 1992 and that the population decline actually began in 1989. To expose data conflicts, we incorporated the hydroacoustic survey information with all available spawning population indices directly into the age-structured model. In this way, the substantial uncertainty about population parameters from 1989 to 1992 attributable to data conflicts was quantified. Consequently, the magnitude of declines for that period estimated from both linear and ASA models depend on the type of integrated datasets and weighting, particularly with indices of male spawners. Our view is that a major decline started in 1992 when disease affected a large population that was in weakened condition. Other views are consistent with the existing data too.

Spatial and temporal variability in the diet of juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound, Alaska

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Foy ◽  
Brenda L Norcross
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
Spring Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Relative Differences

The diet of juvenile Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, from four bays in Prince William Sound, Alaska, varied spatially and seasonally. In Zaikof Bay, which was sampled in each season, stomach fullness of this herring was highest in May and declined significantly through the winter. Diversity of prey taxa in the diet was highest in June, after the spring phytoplankton bloom. In October, Oikopleura species were dominant in the fish diets of all bays. In March, fish eggs, Cirripedia nauplii, small Calanoida, and large Calanoida were the dominant prey in Eaglek, Simpson, Whale, and Zaikof bays, respectively. Energy density of stomach contents was highest in May, highlighting the importance of high lipid copepod taxa in Zaikof Bay. Estimated assimilation rates suggest that the diets of smaller age-0 herring provide close to maintenance levels of energy prior to winter. Therefore, variability in diet composition and diet energy density could account for relative differences in nutritional conditions of age-0 herring in Prince William Sound.

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