Comparative study of proliferative kidney disease in grayling Thymallus thymallus and brown trout Salmo trutta fario: an exposure experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Schmidt-Posthaus ◽  
A Ros ◽  
R Hirschi ◽  
E Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Thymallus Thymallus ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
Salmo Trutta Fario

scholarly journals Proliferative Kidney Disease and Proliferative Darkening Syndrome are Linked with Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) Mortalities in the Pre-Alpine Isar River

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt ◽  
Fux ◽  
Blutke ◽  
Schwaiger ◽  
El-Matbouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease ◽  
The North ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Tetracapsuloides Bryosalmonae ◽  
Salmo Trutta Fario

For many years, brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) mortalities within the pre-alpine Isar River in Germany were reported by the Bavarian Fisheries Association (Landesfischereiverband Bayern e.V.) and local recreational anglers during August and September. Moribund fish seemed to be affected by proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS). In addition, proliferative kidney disease (PKD) caused by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae was discussed. To investigate this phenomenon, the present field study monitored brown trout mortalities by daily river inspection in 2017 and 2018. Moribund brown trout (n = 31) were collected and examined using histology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and quantitative stereology. Our investigations identified 29 (93.5%) brown trout affected by PKD. Four brown trout (12.9%) displayed combined hepatic and splenic lesions fitting the pathology of PDS. The piscine orthoreovirus 3, suspected as causative agent of PDS, was not detectable in any of the samples. Quantitative stereological analysis of the kidneys revealed a significant increase of the renal tissue volumes with interstitial inflammation and hematopoietic hyperplasia in PKD-affected fish as compared to healthy brown trout. The identified T. bryosalmonae strain was classified as part of the North American clade by phylogenetical analysis. This study highlights PKD and PDS as contributing factors to recurrent autumnal brown trout mortalities.

scholarly journals Health Surveillance of Wild Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Czech Republic Revealed a Coexistence of Proliferative Kidney Disease and Piscine Orthoreovirus-3 Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Pojezdal ◽  
Mikolaj Adamek ◽  
Eva Syrová ◽  
Dieter Steinhagen ◽  
Hana Minářová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Tetracapsuloides Bryosalmonae ◽  
Salmo Trutta Fario

The population of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in continental Europe is on the decline, with infectious diseases confirmed as one of the causative factors. However, no data on the epizootiological situation of wild fish in the Czech Republic are currently available. In this study, brown trout (n = 260) from eight rivers were examined for the presence of viral and parasitical pathogens. Salmonid alphavirus-2, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, piscine novirhabdovirus (VHSV) and salmonid novirhabdovirus (IHNV) were not detected using PCR. Cell culturing showed no viruses as well, and serological analysis of 110 sera did not detect any specific antibodies against VHSV or IHNV. Fish from two rivers were positive for the presence of piscine orthoreovirus-3 (PRV-3), subtype PRV-3b. However, none of the PRV-3-positive fish showed gross pathologies typically associated with PRV infections. By far the most widespread pathogen was Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae which was confirmed in each of the examined locations, with a prevalence of up to 65% and 100%, as established by immunohistochemistry and PCR, respectively. Furthermore, up to 43.8% of fish showed signs of proliferative kidney disease caused by T. bryosalmonae, suggesting that this parasite is a main health challenge for brown trout in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals A brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) population faces devastating consequences due to proliferative kidney disease and temperature increase: A case study from Austria

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Waldner ◽  
Thomas Bechter ◽  
Stefan Auer ◽  
Florian Borgwardt ◽  
Mansour El‐Matbouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

scholarly journals Piscine Orthoreovirus 3 Is Not the Causative Pathogen of Proliferative Darkening Syndrome (PDS) of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario)

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fux ◽  
Daniela Arndt ◽  
Martin Langenmayer ◽  
Julia Schwaiger ◽  
Hermann Ferling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
Salmo Trutta Fario

The proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS) is a lethal disease of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) which occurs in several alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. Because mortality can reach 100%, PDS is a serious threat for affected fish populations. Recently, Kuehn and colleagues reported that a high throughput RNA sequencing approach identified a piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) as a causative agent of PDS. We investigated samples from PDS-affected fish obtained from two exposure experiments performed at the river Iller in 2008 and 2009. Using a RT-qPCR and a well-established next-generation RNA sequencing pipeline for pathogen detection, PRV-specific RNA was not detectable in PDS fish from 2009. In contrast, PRV RNA was readily detectable in several organs from diseased fish in 2008. However, similar virus loads were detectable in the control fish which were not exposed to Iller water and did not show any signs of the disease. Therefore, we conclude that PRV is not the causative agent of PDS of brown trout in the rhithral region of alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. The abovementioned study by Kuehn used only samples from the exposure experiment from 2008 and detected a subclinical PRV bystander infection. Work is ongoing to identify the causative agent of PDS.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Sudhagar ◽  
Mansour El-Matbouli ◽  
Gokhlesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Proliferative kidney disease is an emerging disease among salmonids in Europe and North America caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. The decline of endemic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Alpine streams of Europe is fostered by T. bryosalmonae infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that acts as sentinels of the immune system against the invading pathogens. However, little is known about the TLRs’ response in salmonids against the myxozoan infection. In the present study, we identified and evaluated TLR1, TLR19, and TLR13-like genes of brown trout using data-mining and phylogenetic analysis. The expression pattern of TLRs was examined in the posterior kidney of brown trout infected with T. bryosalmonae at various time points. Typical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor protein domain was found in all tested TLRs. However, TLR13-like chr2 had a short amino acid sequence with no LRR domain. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that TLR orthologs are conserved across vertebrates. Similarly, a conserved synteny gene block arrangement was observed in the case of TLR1 and TLR19 across fish species. Interestingly, all tested TLRs showed their maximal relative expression from 6 to 10 weeks post-exposure to the parasite. Our results suggest that these TLRs may play an important role in the innate defense mechanism of brown trout against the invading T. bryosalmonae.

scholarly journals Effects of parasite concentrations on infection dynamics and proliferative kidney disease pathogenesis in brown trout ( Salmo trutta )

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2642-2652
Author(s):  
Nicole Strepparava ◽  
Albert Ros ◽  
Hanna Hartikainen ◽  
Heike Schmidt‐Posthaus ◽  
Thomas Wahli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta
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