scholarly journals Infection dynamics of Kudoa yasunagai (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida) infecting brain of cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shirakashi ◽  
A Morita ◽  
K Ishimaru ◽  
S Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Kudoa Yasunagai

Infection dynamics of Kudoa inornata (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) in spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus (Teleostei: Sciaenidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
I de Buron ◽  
KM Hill-Spanik ◽  
L Haselden ◽  
SD Atkinson ◽  
SL Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Seatrout ◽  
Cynoscion Nebulosus ◽  
Infection Dynamics

Coadministration of citric acid allows oxytetracycline dose reduction in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata infected with Vibrio anguillarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
K Akiyama ◽  
N Hirazawa ◽  
A Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been commonly used as an effective antibiotic against various fish bacterial diseases, including vibriosis. In this study, the absorption-enhancing effect of citric acid on oral OTC pharmacokinetics and treatment of artificial Vibrio anguillarum infection was evaluated in juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata followed by serum OTC concentration analysis. When 25 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) OTC was administered in combination with 1250 mg kg-1 BW citric acid, the serum OTC concentration reached almost the same concentration as that of the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. This coadministration successfully suppressed mortality due to vibriosis similar to the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. Conversely, poor efficacy was observed when only 25 mg kg-1 BW OTC was administered. These results suggest that coadministration of citric acid can be beneficial in reducing the dose of OTC needed for effective treatment, and thus contributes to the goal of reduced use of this antibiotic in aquaculture.

Is tracking and modeling Covid-19 infection dynamics for Bangladesh using daily data feasible? (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karar Zunaid Ahsan ◽  
Rashida Ijdi ◽  
Peter Kim Streatfield
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Models ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
Testing Coverage

UNSTRUCTURED Given the low Covid-19 testing coverage in the country, this study tested whether the daily change in the number of new Covid-19 cases is due to increase (or decrease) in the number of tests done daily. We performed Granger causality test based on vector autoregressive models on Bangladesh case and test numbers between 8 March and 5 June 2020, using publicly available data. The test results show that the daily number of tests Granger-cause the number of new cases (p <0.001), meaning the daily number of new cases is perhaps due to an increase in test capacity rather than a change in the infection rates. From the results of this test we can infer that if the number of daily tests does not increase substantially, data on new infections will not give much information for understanding covid-19 infection dynamics in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic Evidence of Reinfection and Persistence of SARS-CoV-2: First Report from Colombia

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Juan David Ramírez ◽  
Marina Muñoz ◽  
Nathalia Ballesteros ◽  
Luz H. Patiño ◽  
Sergio Castañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oxford Nanopore Technologies

The continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of novel variants have raised concerns about possible reinfection events and potential changes in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics. Utilizing Oxford Nanopore technologies, we sequenced paired samples of three patients with positive RT-PCR results in a 1–2-month window period, and subsequent phylogenetics and genetic polymorphism analysis of these genomes was performed. Herein, we report, for the first time, genomic evidence of one case of reinfection in Colombia, exhibiting different SARS-CoV-2 lineage classifications between samples (B.1 and B.1.1.269). Furthermore, we report two cases of possible viral persistence, highlighting the importance of deepening our understanding on the evolutionary intra-host traits of this virus throughout different timeframes of disease progression. These results emphasize the relevance of genomic surveillance as a tool for understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics, and how this may translate effectively to future control and mitigations efforts, such as the national vaccination program.

scholarly journals Modeling Epidemic Spread among a Commuting Population Using Transport Schemes

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Daniela Calvetti ◽  
Alexander P. Hoover ◽  
Johnie Rose ◽  
Erkki Somersalo
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
State Level ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Infection Dynamics

Understanding the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 between connected communities is fundamental in planning appropriate mitigation measures. To that end, we propose and analyze a novel metapopulation network model, particularly suitable for modeling commuter traffic patterns, that takes into account the connectivity between a heterogeneous set of communities, each with its own infection dynamics. In the novel metapopulation model that we propose here, transport schemes developed in optimal transport theory provide an efficient and easily implementable way of describing the temporary population redistribution due to traffic, such as the daily commuter traffic between work and residence. Locally, infection dynamics in individual communities are described in terms of a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) compartment model, modified to account for the specific features of COVID-19, most notably its spread by asymptomatic and presymptomatic infected individuals. The mathematical foundation of our metapopulation network model is akin to a transport scheme between two population distributions, namely the residential distribution and the workplace distribution, whose interface can be inferred from commuter mobility data made available by the US Census Bureau. We use the proposed metapopulation model to test the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 on two networks, a smaller one comprising 7 counties in the Greater Cleveland area in Ohio, and a larger one consisting of 74 counties in the Pittsburgh–Cleveland–Detroit corridor following the Lake Erie’s American coastline. The model simulations indicate that densely populated regions effectively act as amplifiers of the infection for the surrounding, less densely populated areas, in agreement with the pattern of infections observed in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Computed examples show that the model can be used also to test different mitigation strategies, including one based on state-level travel restrictions, another on county level triggered social distancing, as well as a combination of the two.

scholarly journals Determinants of Eimeria and Campylobacter infection dynamics in UK domestic sheep: the role of co-infection

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-629
Author(s):  
Raed Taha Al-Neama ◽  
Kevin J. Bown ◽  
Damer P. Blake ◽  
Richard J. Birtles
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Campylobacter Infection

Abstract

scholarly journals Rodent host population dynamics drive zoonotic Lyme Borreliosis and Orthohantavirus infections in humans in Northern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Aminikhah ◽  
Jukka T. Forsman ◽  
Esa Koskela ◽  
Tapio Mappes ◽  
Jussi Sane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Bank Vole ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Rodent Population ◽  
Vole Cycles ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Abundance Fluctuations

AbstractZoonotic diseases, caused by pathogens transmitted between other vertebrate animals and humans, pose a major risk to human health. Rodents are important reservoir hosts for many zoonotic pathogens, and rodent population dynamics affect the infection dynamics of rodent-borne diseases, such as diseases caused by hantaviruses. However, the role of rodent population dynamics in determining the infection dynamics of rodent-associated tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme borreliosis (LB), caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato bacteria, have gained limited attention in Northern Europe, despite the multiannual abundance fluctuations, the so-called vole cycles, that characterise rodent population dynamics in the region. Here, we quantify the associations between rodent abundance and LB human cases and Puumala Orthohantavirus (PUUV) infections by using two time series (25-year and 9-year) in Finland. Both bank vole (Myodes glareolus) abundance as well as LB and PUUV infection incidence in humans showed approximately 3-year cycles. Without vector transmitted PUUV infections followed the bank vole host abundance fluctuations with two-month time lag, whereas tick-transmitted LB was associated with bank vole abundance ca. 12 and 24 months earlier. However, the strength of association between LB incidence and bank vole abundance ca. 12 months before varied over the study years. This study highlights that the human risk to acquire rodent-borne pathogens, as well as rodent-associated tick-borne pathogens is associated with the vole cycles in Northern Fennoscandia, yet with complex time lags.

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