scholarly journals Variability in climatology and agricultural production in China in association with the East Asian summer monsoon and El Niño Southern Oscillation

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Tao ◽  
M Yokozawa ◽  
Z Zhang ◽  
Y Hayashi ◽  
H Grassl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
El Niño ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Asian Summer

scholarly journals Tropical volcanism enhanced the East Asian summer monsoon during the last millennium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Chaochao Gao ◽  
Jing Chai ◽  
Alan Robock ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
El Niño ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract Extreme East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall frequently induces floods that pose threats to millions of people across East Asia. The intensified EASM rainfall has been generally attributed to internal modes of climate variability, while external volcanic forcing has been suggested to suppress the EASM. In contrast to the hydrological weakening theory of volcanic eruptions, we present convergent empirical and modeling evidence for significant intensification of EASM rainfall in response to strong tropical volcanic eruptions. Our paleoclimate proxy analyses show a significantly increased EASM in the first summer after large tropical eruptions from 1470 AD to the present. The multi-proxy ensemble mean demonstrates that the occurrence of an El Niño in the first boreal winter after a volcanic eruption is necessary for the enhanced EASM. The results from the last-millennium climate model simulations show that a volcano-induced El Niño and the associated warm pool air-sea interaction intensify EASM precipitation, overwhelming volcanic-induced moisture deficiency. This work offers a new perspective on the intertwined relationship between external forcing and internal variability in the complex climate system and potential flood disasters resulting from tropical volcanic eruption.

scholarly journals How Does the East Asian Summer Monsoon Behave in the Decaying Phase of El Niño during Different PDO Phases?

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 2682-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Feng ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
El Niño ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract Modulation of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) on the behavior of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in El Niño decaying years has been studied. When El Niño is in phase with the PDO (El Niño/high PDO), the low-level atmospheric anomalies are characterized by an anticyclone around the Philippines and a cyclone around Japan, inducing an anomalous tripolar rainfall pattern in China. In this case, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) experiences a one-time slightly northward shift in July and then stays stationary from July to August. The corresponding anomalous tripolar rainfall pattern has weak subseasonal variations. When El Niño is out of phase with the PDO (El Niño/low PDO), however, the anomalous Philippines anticyclone has a much larger spatial domain, thereby causing an anomalous dipole rainfall pattern. Accordingly, WPSH experiences clearly two northward shifts. Therefore, the related dipole rainfall pattern has large subseasonal variations. One pronounced feature is that the positive rainfall anomalies shift northward from southern China in June to central China in July and finally to northern China in August. The different El Niño–EASM relationships are caused by the influences of PDO on the decaying speed of El Niño. During the high PDO phase, El Niño decays slowly and has a strong anchor in the north Indian Ocean warming, which is responsible for the anomalous EASM. Comparatively, during the low PDO phase, El Niño decays rapidly and La Niña develops in summer, which induces different EASM anomalies from that during the high PDO phase. Additionally, PDO changes El Niño behaviors mainly via modifying the background tropical winds.

scholarly journals Forced and internal modes of variability of the East Asian summer monsoon

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
El Niño ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
North China ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Internal Mode ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract. The modern instrumental record (1979–2006) is analyzed in an attempt to reveal the dynamical structure and origins of the major modes of interannual variability of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and to elucidate their fundamental differences with the major modes of seasonal variability. These differences are instrumental in understanding of the forced (say orbital) and internal (say interannual) modes of variability in EASM. We show that the leading mode of interannual variation, which accounts for about 39% of the total variance, is primarily associated with decaying phases of major El Nino, whereas the second mode, which accounts for 11.3% of the total variance, is associated with the developing phase of El Nino/La Nina. The EASM responds to ENSO in a nonlinear fashion with regard to the developing and decay phases of El Nino. The two modes are determined by El Nino/La Nina forcing and monsoon-warm ocean interaction, or essentially driven by internal feedback processes within the coupled climate system. For this internal mode, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and subtropical EASM precipitations exhibit an out-of-phase variations; further, the Meiyu in Yangtze River Valley is also out-of-phase with the precipitation in the central North China. In contrast, the slow and fast annual cycles forced by the solar radiation show an in-phase correlation between the ITCZ and subtropical EASM precipitation. Further, the seasonal march of precipitation displays a continental-scale northward advance of a rain band (that tilts in a southwest-northeastward direction) over the entire Indian and East Asian summer monsoon from mid-May toward the end of July. This uniformity in seasonal advance suggests that the position of the northern edge of the summer monsoon or the precipitation over the central North China may be an adequate measure of the monsoon intensity for the forced mode, while the intensity of the internal mode of EASM variability should measured by the intensity of Meiyu. Given the fact that the annual modes share the similar external forcing with orbital variability, the results presented here may help to understand the differences in the EASM variability on the interannual and orbital time scales.

scholarly journals Interannual Seesaw between the Somali and the Australian Cross-Equatorial Flows and its Connection to the East Asian Summer Monsoon

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 3966-3981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Shuanglin Li
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Subtropical High ◽  
Yellow River Valley ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract The correlations among the summer, low-level, cross-equatorial flows (CEFs) over the Indian–west Pacific Ocean region on the interannual time scale are investigated by using both the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets. A significant negative correlation (seesaw) has been illustrated between the Somali CEF and the three CEFs north of Australia (the South China Sea, Celebes Sea, and New Guinea; they are referred to in combination as the Australian CEF). A seesaw index is thus defined with a higher (lower) value representing an intensified (weakened) Somali CEF but a weakened (intensified) Australian CEF. The connection of the seesaw with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is then investigated. The results suggest that an enhanced seesaw corresponds to an intensified EASM with more rainfall in north China, the Yellow River valley, and the upper reach of the Yangtze River. The seesaw reflects the opposite covariability between the two atmospheric action centers in the Southern Hemisphere, Mascarene subtropical high, and Australian subtropical high. Whether the seesaw–EASM connection is influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Indian Ocean SST dipole mode (IOD) is analyzed. The results remain unchanged when the ENSO- or IOD-related signals are excluded, although ENSO exerts a significant influence. This implies an additional predictability for the EASM from the CEF seesaw.

scholarly journals Influence of Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone on the Trace gases and Aerosols over Indian region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghouse Basha ◽  
M. Venkat Ratnam ◽  
Pangaluru Kishore ◽  
S. Ravindrababu ◽  
Isabella Velicogna
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Asian Summer

Abstract. The Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) persisting during monsoon season in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region play an important role in confining the trace gases and aerosols for a longer period thus affects regional and global climate. Our understanding on these trace gases and aerosols variability in the ASMA is limited. In this study, the effect of the ASMA on the trace gases (Water Vapour (WV), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO)) and aerosols (Attenuated Scattering Ratio (ASR)) obtained from long-term (2006–2016) satellite measurements is investigated. Since the ASMA is present in the UTLS region, its influence on the tropopause characteristics is also explored. Higher tropopause altitude, WV, CO and ASR confining to the ASMA region is observed, whereas tropopause temperatures and O3 are found low. There exists large inter-annual variation in the ASMA and hence its effect on these trace gases and aerosols are also seen clearly. A significant relationship is also observed between the phases of Quasi-Biannual Oscillation (QBO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the trace gases and ASR, including the tropopause when measurements in the ASMA region are subject to multivariate regression analysis. Further, the influence of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) activity on the ASMA trace gases and aerosols is studied with respect to active and break spells of monsoon, strong and weak monsoon years, strong La Niña, El Niño years. Results show a significant increase in WV, CO and decrease in O3 during the active phase of the ISM, strong monsoon years and strong La Niña years in the ASMA. Enhancement in the ASR values during the strong monsoon years and strong La Niña years is observed. Thus, it is prudent to conclude that the dynamics of the ASMA play an important role in the confinement of several trace gases and aerosols and suggested to consider the activity of summer monsoon while dealing with them at sub-seasonal scales.

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