scholarly journals Pasture responses to elevated temperature and doubled CO2 concentration: assessing the spatial pattern across an alpine landscape

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Riedo ◽  
D Gyalistras ◽  
J Fuhrer
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration ◽  
Alpine Landscape

scholarly journals Millennium time-scale experiments on climate-carbon cycle with doubled CO2 concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Hajima ◽  
Akitomo Yamamoto ◽  
Michio Kawamiya ◽  
Xuanming Su ◽  
Michio Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration

scholarly journals Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 6087-6106
Author(s):  
Veronika Forstner ◽  
Jannis Groh ◽  
Matevz Vremec ◽  
Markus Herndl ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Abstract. Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare the responses of water fluxes and aboveground biomass to climate change in permanent grassland. The first, manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of atmospheric CO2 concentration and surface temperature. The second, observational, approach uses data from a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of climatic conditions. The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil ecosystem is energy limited or water limited. Elevated temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water, particularly during the growing season in both approaches. In energy-limited grassland ecosystems, elevated temperature increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems. Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions. Elevated atmospheric CO2 reduced both actual evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected, the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems. In both experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes and biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems' status with respect to energy or water limitation. To thoroughly understand the ecosystem response to climate change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments need to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and explore responses to individual and multiple drivers, such as temperature, CO2 concentration, and precipitation, including non-rainfall water. In this regard, manipulative and observational climate change experiments complement one another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation of climate change effects on grassland.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on floral development and sex differentiation in Morus alba L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadong Li ◽  
Tingfa Dong ◽  
Chuanyan Zhang ◽  
Gaiqun Huang ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Morus Alba

Effects of elevated CO2 on development and morphology of spring wheat grown in cooled and non-cooled open-top chambers

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van Oijen ◽  
A.H.C.M. Schapendonk ◽  
M.J.H. Jansen ◽  
C.S. Pot ◽  
J. van Kleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Open Top Chambers ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration

Facilities for studying effects of elevated CO2 on crops affect the microclimate in the crop. Open-top chambers may increase temperature by 1–3˚C compared to ambient conditions. This paper describes a newly developed cooling system for open-top chambers. In 1995 and 1996, experiments were carried out to test the system and analyse the effects of temperature on crop phenological and morphological response to elevated CO2. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Minaret) was subjected to ambient and doubled CO2 concentration in both cooled and non-cooled chambers. The cooling system reduced temperature by 1.6–2.4˚C, and this delayed maturity by 10 days. In contrast, elevated CO2 did not affect phenological development. Elevated CO2 reduced tiller density, green leaf number per tiller and specific leaf area, thereby reducing the capacity for light interception of the crop. Crop height growth before anthesis mainly responded to temperature, but after anthesis it was only affected by CO2, indicating a shift from sink- to source-limited growth. For none of the parameters studied, a significant statistical interaction of CO2 and temperature was found. The cooling system proved effective. Atemperature difference of about 2˚C affected crop development and morphology more strongly than CO2 doubling. However, the absence of CO2-temperature interaction suggests that CO2 effects may validly be investigated even without a cooling system.

Fractal analysis for root growth of plant seedlings under doubled CO2 concentration

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (22) ◽  
pp. 1891-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Wang ◽  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Dian’an Yang ◽  
Kezhi Bai ◽  
Tingyun Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Doubled Co2 Concentration ◽  
Plant Seedlings
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