Euro-Atlantic blocking events and their impact on surface air temperature and precipitation over the European region in the 20th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
G Stankūnavičius ◽  
D Basharin ◽  
R Skorupskas ◽  
G Vivaldo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
European Region ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Daily dataset of 20th-century surface air temperature and precipitation series for the European Climate Assessment

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1441-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. G. Klein Tank ◽  
J. B. Wijngaard ◽  
G. P. Können ◽  
R. Böhm ◽  
G. Demarée ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Series ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
European Climate

scholarly journals Seasonal Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation in the FSU Climate Model Coupled to the CLM2

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3217-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Shin ◽  
S. Cocke ◽  
T. E. LaRow ◽  
James J. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Convective Scheme

Abstract The current Florida State University (FSU) climate model is upgraded by coupling the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model Version 2 (CLM2) as its land component in order to make a better simulation of surface air temperature and precipitation on the seasonal time scale, which is important for crop model application. Climatological and seasonal simulations with the FSU climate model coupled to the CLM2 (hereafter FSUCLM) are compared to those of the control (the FSU model with the original simple land surface treatment). The current version of the FSU model is known to have a cold bias in the temperature field and a wet bias in precipitation. The implementation of FSUCLM has reduced or eliminated this bias due to reduced latent heat flux and increased sensible heat flux. The role of the land model in seasonal simulations is shown to be more important during summertime than wintertime. An additional experiment that assimilates atmospheric forcings produces improved land-model initial conditions, which in turn reduces the biases further. The impact of various deep convective parameterizations is examined as well to further assess model performance. The land scheme plays a more important role than the convective scheme in simulations of surface air temperature. However, each convective scheme shows its own advantage over different geophysical locations in precipitation simulations.

scholarly journals Panama’s Current Climate Replicability in a Non-Hydrostatic Regional Climate Model Nested in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Reinhardt Pinzón ◽  
Noriko N. Ishizaki ◽  
Hidetaka Sasaki ◽  
Tosiyuki Nakaegawa
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Current Climate

To simulate the current climate, a 20-year integration of a non-hydrostatic regional climate model (NHRCM) with grid spacing of 5 and 2 km (NHRCM05 and NHRCM02, respectively) was nested within the AGCM. The three models did a similarly good job of simulating surface air temperature, and the spatial horizontal resolution did not affect these statistics. NHRCM02 did a good job of reproducing seasonal variations in surface air temperature. NHRCM05 overestimated annual mean precipitation in the western part of Panama and eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. NHRCM05 is responsible for this overestimation because it is not seen in MRI-AGCM. NHRCM02 simulated annual mean precipitation better than NHRCM05, probably due to a convection-permitting model without a convection scheme, such as the Kain and Fritsch scheme. Therefore, the finer horizontal resolution of NHRCM02 did a better job of replicating the current climatological mean geographical distributions and seasonal changes of surface air temperature and precipitation.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Multiyear Predictability on Continental Scales

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 5108-5124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Jia ◽  
Timothy DelSole
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Regional Prediction ◽  
Intercomparison Project

A new statistical optimization method is used to identify components of surface air temperature and precipitation on six continents that are predictable in multiple climate models on multiyear time scales. The components are identified from unforced “control runs” of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 dataset. The leading predictable components can be calculated in independent control runs with statistically significant skill for 3–6 yr for surface air temperature and 1–3 yr for precipitation, depending on the continent, using a linear regression model with global sea surface temperature (SST) as a predictor. Typically, lag-correlation maps reveal that the leading predictable components of surface air temperature are related to two types of SST patterns: persistent patterns near the continent itself and an oscillatory ENSO-like pattern. The only exception is Europe, which has no significant ENSO relation. The leading predictable components of precipitation are significantly correlated with an ENSO-like SST pattern. No multiyear predictability of land precipitation could be verified in Europe. The squared multiple correlations of surface air temperature and precipitation for nonzero lags on each continent are less than 0.4 in the first year, implying that less than 40% of variations of the leading predictable component can be predicted from global SST. The predictable components describe the spatial structures that can be predicted on multiyear time scales in the absence of anthropogenic and natural forcing, and thus provide a scientific rationale for regional prediction on multiyear time scales.

scholarly journals Reanalysis of 44 Yr of Climate in the French Alps (1958–2002): Methodology, Model Validation, Climatology, and Trends for Air Temperature and Precipitation

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Durand ◽  
Martin Laternser ◽  
Gérald Giraud ◽  
Pierre Etchevers ◽  
Bernard Lesaffre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Analysis Scheme

Abstract Since the early 1990s, Météo-France has used an automatic system combining three numerical models to simulate meteorological parameters, snow cover stratification, and avalanche risk at various altitudes, aspects, and slopes for a number of mountainous regions in France. Given the lack of sufficient directly observed long-term snow data, this “SAFRAN”–Crocus–“MEPRA” (SCM) model chain, usually applied to operational avalanche forecasting, has been used to carry out and validate retrospective snow and weather climate analyses for the 1958–2002 period. The SAFRAN 2-m air temperature and precipitation climatology shows that the climate of the French Alps is temperate and is mainly determined by atmospheric westerly flow conditions. Vertical profiles of temperature and precipitation averaged over the whole period for altitudes up to 3000 m MSL show a relatively linear variation with altitude for different mountain areas with no constraint of that kind imposed by the analysis scheme itself. Over the observation period 1958–2002, the overall trend corresponds to an increase in the annual near-surface air temperature of about 1°C. However, variations are large at different altitudes and for different seasons and regions. This significantly positive trend is most obvious in the 1500–2000-m MSL altitude range, especially in the northwest regions, and exhibits a significant relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation index over long periods. Precipitation data are diverse, making it hard to identify clear trends within the high year-to-year variability.

scholarly journals Can significant trends be detected in surface air temperature and precipitation over South America in recent decades?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1483-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel de Barros Soares ◽  
Huikyo Lee ◽  
Paul C. Loikith ◽  
Armineh Barkhordarian ◽  
Carlos R. Mechoso
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

scholarly journals Offsetting effects of aerosols on Arctic and global climate in the late 20th century

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 3969-3975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yang ◽  
C. M. Bitz ◽  
S. J. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Arctic Surface

Abstract. We examine the impacts of atmospheric aerosols on Arctic and global climate using a series of 20th century transient simulations from Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4). We focus on the response of surface air temperature to the direct radiative forcing driven by changes in sulfate and black carbon (BC) concentrations from 1975 to 2005 and we also examine the response to changes in sulfate, BC, and organic carbon (OC) aerosols collectively. The direct forcing from sulfate dominates the aerosol climate effect. Globally averaged, simultaneous changes in all three aerosols produce a cooling trend of 0.015 K decade−1 during the period 1975–2005. In the Arctic, surface air temperature has large spatial variations in response to changes in aerosol concentrations. Over the European Arctic, aerosols induce about 0.6 K decade−1 warming, which is about 1.8 K warming over the 30-year period. This warming is triggered mainly by the reduction in sulfate and BC emissions over Europe since the 1970s and is reinforced by sea ice loss and a strengthening in atmospheric northward heat transport. Changes in sulfate concentrations account for about two thirds of the warming and BC for the remaining one third. Over the Siberian and North American Arctic, surface air temperature is likely influenced by changes in aerosol concentrations over Asia. An increase in sulfate optical depth over Asia induces a large cooling while an increase in BC over Asia causes a significant warming.

scholarly journals Offsetting effects of aerosols on Arctic and global climate in the late 20th century

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 30929-30943
Author(s):  
Q. Yang ◽  
C. M. Bitz ◽  
S. J. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Arctic Surface

Abstract. We examine the impacts of atmospheric aerosols on Arctic and global climate using a series of 20th century transient simulations from Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4). We focus on the response of surface air temperature to the direct radiative forcing driven by changes in sulfate and black carbon (BC) concentrations from 1975 to 2005 and we also examine the response to sulfate, BC, and organic carbon aerosols varying at once. The direct forcing from sulfate dominates the aerosol climate effect. Globally averaged, all three aerosols produce a cooling trend of 0.015 K decade−1 during the period 1975–2005. In the Arctic, surface air temperature has large spatial variations in response to changes in aerosol concentrations. Over the European Arctic, aerosols induce about 0.6 K decade−1 warming which is about 1.8 K warming over the 30 yr period. This warming is triggered mainly by the reduction in sulfate and BC emissions over Europe since the 1970s and is reinforced by sea ice loss and a strengthening in atmospheric northward heat transport. Over the Siberian and North American Arctic, surface air temperature is likely influenced primarily by changes in aerosol emissions from Asia. An increase in sulfate emissions over Asia induces a large cooling while an increase in BC over Asia causes a significant warming.

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