scholarly journals Sensitivity of wheat growth to increased air temperature for different scenarios of ambient CO2 concentration and rainfall in Victoria, Australia - a simulation study

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
YP Wang ◽  
Jr Handoko ◽  
GM Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Ambient Co2

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 and Heat on Wheat Grain Quality

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Xizi Wang ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Increasing Demand

Wheat is one of the most important staple foods in temperate regions and is in increasing demand in urbanizing and industrializing countries such as China. Enhancing yield potential to meet the population explosion around the world and maintaining grain quality in wheat plants under climate change are crucial for food security and human nutrition. Global warming resulting from greenhouse effect has led to more frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) along with rising temperature has a huge impact on ecosystems, agriculture and human health. There are numerous studies investigating the eCO2 and heatwaves effects on wheat growth and productivity, and the mechanisms behind. This review outlines the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effects of eCO2 and heat stress, individually and combined, on grain yield and grain quality in wheat crop. Strategies to enhance the resilience of wheat to future warmer and CO2-enriched environment are discussed.

Differences in warming impacts on wheat productivity among varieties released in different eras in North China

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1353-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. ZHENG ◽  
J. CHEN ◽  
Z. W. SONG ◽  
A. X. DENG ◽  
L. N. JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
North China ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYTen leading varieties of winter wheat released during 1950–2009 in North China were tested in a free-air temperature increase (FATI) facility. The FATI facility mimicked the local air temperature pattern well, with an increase of 1·1 °C in the daily mean temperature. For all the tested varieties, warming caused a significant reduction in the total length of wheat growth period by 5 days and especially in the pre-anthesis period, where it was reduced by 9 days. However, warming increased wheat biomass production and grain yield by 8·4 and 11·4%, respectively, on an average of all the tested varieties. There was no significant difference in the warming-led reduction in the entire growth period among the tested varieties. Interestingly, the warming-led increments in biomass production and grain yield increased along with the variety release year. Significantly higher warming-led increases in post-anthesis biomass production and 1000-grain weight were found in the new varieties compared to the old ones. Meanwhile, a significant improvement in plant productivity was noted due to wheat breeding during the past six decades, while no significant difference in the length of entire growth period was found among the varieties released in different eras. The results demonstrate that historical wheat breeding might have enhanced winter wheat productivity and adaptability through exploiting the positive effects rather than mitigating the negative impacts of warming on wheat growth in North China.

scholarly journals A temperature threshold to identify the driving climate forces of the respiratory process in terrestrial ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Renduo Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Alessandro Cescatti ◽  
Georg Wohlfahrt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Ecosystem Flux

Abstract. Terrestrial ecosystem respiration (Re) is the major source of CO2 release and constitutes the second largest carbon flux between the biosphere and atmosphere. Therefore, climate-driven changes of Re may greatly impact on future atmospheric CO2 concentration. The aim of this study was to derive an air temperature threshold for identifying the driving climate forces of the respiratory process in terrestrial ecosystems within different temperature zones. For this purpose, a global dataset of 647 site-years of ecosystem flux data collected at 152 sites has been examined. Our analysis revealed an ecosystem threshold of mean annual air temperature (MAT) of 11 ± 2.3 °C. In ecosystems with the MAT below this threshold, the maximum Re rates were primarily dependent on temperature and respiration was mainly a temperature-driven process. On the contrary, in ecosystems with the MAT greater than 11 ± 2.3 °C, in addition to temperature, other driving forces, such as water availability and surface heat flux, became significant drivers of the maximum Re rates and respiration was a multi-factor-driven process. The information derived from this study highlight the key role of temperature as main controlling factor of the maximum Re rates on a large fraction of the terrestrial biosphere, while other driving forces reduce the maximum Re rates and temperature sensitivity of the respiratory process. These findings are particularly relevant under the current scenario of rapid global warming, given that the potential climate-induced changes in ecosystem respiration may lead to substantial anomalies in the seasonality and magnitude of the terrestrial carbon budget.

scholarly journals Mitigation Strategies for Overheating and High Carbon Dioxide Concentration within Institutional Buildings: A Case Study in Toronto, Canada

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Tam ◽  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Zaiyi Liao ◽  
Lian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Hvac System

Indoor air quality and thermal conditions are important considerations when designing indoor spaces to ensure occupant health, satisfaction, and productivity. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and indoor air temperature are two measurable parameters to assess air quality and thermal conditions within a space. Occupants are progressively affected by the indoor environment as the time spent indoors prolongs. Specifically, there is an interest in carrying out investigations on the indoor environment through surveying existing Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) system operations in classrooms. Indoor air temperature and CO2 concentration in multiple lecture halls in Toronto, Canada were monitored; observations consistently show high indoor air temperature (overheating) and high CO2 concentration. One classroom is chosen as a representative case study for this paper. The results verify a strong correlation between the number of occupants and the increase in air temperature and CO2 concentration. Building Energy Simulation (BES) is used to investigate the causes of discomfort in the classroom, and to identify methods for regulating the temperature and CO2 concentration. This paper proposes retro-commissioning strategies that could be implemented in institutional buildings; specifically, the increase of outdoor airflow rate and the addition of occupancy-based pre-active HVAC system control. The proposed retrofit cases reduce the measured overheating in the classrooms by 2-3 °C (indoor temperature should be below 23 °C) and maintain CO2 concentration under 900 ppm (the CO2 threshold is 1000 ppm), showing promising improvements to a classroom’s thermal condition and indoor air quality.

scholarly journals Growth Rates of Lymantria dispar Larvae and Quercus robur Seedlings at Elevated CO2 Concentration and Phytophthora plurivora Infection

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanović ◽  
Ivan Milenković ◽  
Jovan Dobrosavljević ◽  
Marija Popović ◽  
Alejandro Solla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Ambient Co2

Interactions between plants, insects and pathogens are complex and not sufficiently understood in the context of climate change. In this study, the impact of a root pathogen on a leaf-eating insect hosted by a tree species at elevated CO2 concentration is reported for the first time. The combined and isolated effects of CO2 and infection by the root pathogen Phytophthora plurivora on English oak (Quercus robur) seedlings were used to assess growth rates of plants and of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae. For this purpose, two Q. robur provenances (Belgrade and Sombor) were used. At ambient CO2 concentration, the relative growth rates of larvae consuming leaves of plants infected by P. plurivora was higher than those consuming non-infected plants. However, at elevated CO2 concentration (1000 ppm) higher relative growth rates were detected in the larvae consuming the leaves of non-infected plants. At ambient CO2 concentration, lower growth rates were recorded in L. dispar larvae hosted in Q. robur from Belgrade in comparison to larvae hosted in Q. robur from Sombor. However, at elevated CO2 concentration, similar growth rates irrespective of the provenance were observed. Defoliation by the gypsy moth did not influence the growth of plants while P. plurivora infection significantly reduced tree height in seedlings from Belgrade. The results confirm that a rise of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere modifies the existing interactions between P. plurivora, Q. robur, and L. dispar. Moreover, the influence of the tree provenances on both herbivore and plant performance at elevated CO2 concentrations suggests a potential for increasing forest resilience through breeding.

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